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Author: Naval Postgraduate Naval Postgraduate School Publisher: CreateSpace ISBN: 9781512184433 Category : Languages : en Pages : 54
Book Description
Nuclear powered submarines are most vulnerable to detection and attack while at periscope depth. Submarines also have specific communication and time requirements they have to meet and the primary method of transmitting and receiving data is via satellite, which requires the submarine to be at periscope depth. This means that in a command and control denied environment (C2DE), a submarine may be incapable of receiving orders or transmitting required reports. In order to meet its communications requirements, the submarine has to navigate outside of the denied environment, conduct all necessary satellite communications, and proceed back to the C2DE zone. Through great improvements in unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) technology and the development of new line-of-sight rapid data transmission methods, submarines may be able to operate in C2DEs and conduct all necessary communications without ever going to periscope depth. This study analyzes different configurations for UUV and submarine interaction in a C2DE area using a series of models in the Map Aware Non- Uniform Automata (MANA) modeling environment. This analysis explores the value of several different UUV characteristics as well as undersea garage configurations in minimizing the time it takes for a submarine to conduct its communications, the latency of the data received, and the cost of construction for the system. The system as modeled shows that the combination of the UUV and blue-green laser can provide the submarine with service times comparable to the time it takes for a submarine to reach periscope depth and expected data latency of less than an hour.
Author: Naval Postgraduate Naval Postgraduate School Publisher: CreateSpace ISBN: 9781512184433 Category : Languages : en Pages : 54
Book Description
Nuclear powered submarines are most vulnerable to detection and attack while at periscope depth. Submarines also have specific communication and time requirements they have to meet and the primary method of transmitting and receiving data is via satellite, which requires the submarine to be at periscope depth. This means that in a command and control denied environment (C2DE), a submarine may be incapable of receiving orders or transmitting required reports. In order to meet its communications requirements, the submarine has to navigate outside of the denied environment, conduct all necessary satellite communications, and proceed back to the C2DE zone. Through great improvements in unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) technology and the development of new line-of-sight rapid data transmission methods, submarines may be able to operate in C2DEs and conduct all necessary communications without ever going to periscope depth. This study analyzes different configurations for UUV and submarine interaction in a C2DE area using a series of models in the Map Aware Non- Uniform Automata (MANA) modeling environment. This analysis explores the value of several different UUV characteristics as well as undersea garage configurations in minimizing the time it takes for a submarine to conduct its communications, the latency of the data received, and the cost of construction for the system. The system as modeled shows that the combination of the UUV and blue-green laser can provide the submarine with service times comparable to the time it takes for a submarine to reach periscope depth and expected data latency of less than an hour.
Author: Naval Postgraduate Naval Postgraduate School Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781522986485 Category : Languages : en Pages : 54
Book Description
Nuclear powered submarines are most vulnerable to detection and attack while at periscope depth. Submarines also have specific communication and time requirements they have to meet and the primary method of transmitting and receiving data is via satellite, which requires the submarine to be at periscope depth. This means that in a command and control denied environment (C2DE), a submarine may be incapable of receiving orders or transmitting required reports. In order to meet its communications requirements, the submarine has to navigate outside of the denied environment, conduct all necessary satellite communications, and proceed back to the C2DE zone. Through great improvements in unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) technology and the development of new line-of-sight rapid data transmission methods, submarines may be able to operate in C2DEs and conduct all necessary communications without ever going to periscope depth. This book analyzes different configurations for UUV and submarine interaction in a C2DE area using a series of models in the Map Aware Non-Uniform Automata (MANA) modeling environment. This analysis explores the value of several different UUV characteristics as well as undersea garage configurations in minimizing the time it takes for a submarine to conduct its communications, the latency of the data received, and the cost of construction for the system. The system as modeled shows that the combination of the UUV and blue-green laser can provide the submarine with service times comparable to the time it takes for a submarine to reach periscope depth and expected data latency of less than an hour.
Author: Robert Button Publisher: RAND Corporation ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 226
Book Description
Which military missions for unmanned undersea vehicles (UUVs) appear most promising to pursue in terms of military need, operational and technical risks, alternatives, and cost? To answer this question, the authors assess risks associated with using UUVs for advocated missions, identify non-UUV alternatives that may be more appropriate for such missions, and analyze potential costs associated with UUV development and use. They conclude that seven missions: mine countermeasures, deployment of leave-behind surveillance sensors or sensor arrays, near-land and harbor monitoring, oceanography, monitoring undersea infrastructure, anti-submarine warfare tracking, and inspection/identification - appear most promising. Among other recommendations, the authors suggest that the U.S. Navy consolidate its unmanned system master plans and establish relevant priorities in coordination with the Office of the Secretary of Defense. Increased emphasis on the use of surface platforms rather than submarines as host platforms is recommended.
Author: Committee on Undersea Vehicles and National Needs Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309588723 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 114
Book Description
The United States faces decisions requiring information about the oceans in vastly expanded scales of time and space and from oceanic sectors not accessible with the suite of tools now used by scientists and engineers. Advances in guidance and control, communications, sensors, and other technologies for undersea vehicles can provide an opportunity to understand the oceans' influence on the energy and chemical balance that sustains humankind and to manage and deliver resources from and beneath the sea. This book assesses the state of undersea vehicle technology and opportunities for vehicle applications in science and industry. It provides guidance about vehicle subsystem development priorities and describes how national research can be focused most effectively.
Author: Gwyn Griffiths Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0203522303 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 369
Book Description
The oceans are a hostile environment, and gathering information on deep-sea life and the seabed is incredibly difficult. Autonomous underwater vehicles are robot submarines that are revolutionizing the way in which researchers and industry obtain data. Advances in technology have resulted in capable vehicles that have made new discoveries on how th
Author: Willard Calvert Publisher: ISBN: Category : Systems engineering Languages : en Pages : 207
Book Description
Submarines offer a capability to deploy and retrieve unmanned undersea vehicles (UUV) in littoral and blue water Areas of Operation while avoiding detection. Integration of the submarine and UUV through a launch and recovery mechanism offers unique challenges with respect to host submarine safety, UUV recovery, UUV replenishment and life-cycle costs. The Capstone team elicited launch and recovery system requirements from stakeholders and conceived four (4) advanced alternatives and a baseline alternative considered to meet the requirements. Through functional, cost, risk, modeling and qualitative analysis, this study assessed the value of each alternative to stakeholders. Of the concept alternatives explored, a high tech option featuring a carbon fiber structure, electromechanical pulse launch and recovery device and proximity vice contact battery charging and UUV stowage features provided the best value to the stakeholders for the investment. These results highlighted characteristics, including maintenance considerations, upgradeability, design for reliability and design for universal applications considered paramount for a successful system. Project lessons learned uncovered significant risk due to instability of UUV requirements as well as certification issues which adversely affect a submarine/UUV integration project. Early communications between key stakeholders must effectively address these short-comings.
Author: Edward A. Johnson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Remote submersibles Languages : en Pages : 52
Book Description
During the Cold War the United States developed the Trident class ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) to replace the aging fleet of forty-one Poseidon ballistic missile submarines. Each of the eighteen Trident class submarines built to carry the mantle of strategic nuclear deterrence was extremely large and quiet with tubes for twenty-four ballistic missiles. Following the breakup of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the United States conducted a review of its nuclear posture, which determined that only fourteen of these submarines were necessary to meet the needs of U.S. national security. Since these submarines are due for nuclear core refueling and overhaul and thus are no longer required to support U.S. nuclear policy, these submarines will be deactivated or refueled and converted to other purposes. These submarines are only halfway through their design life of forty-two years, and once refueled could be used for other missions. Furthermore, their large size makes these ships a prime candidate for conversion to a large variety of missions that require space, stealth, and endurance, This excess capability has convinced the U.S. Navy that it should develop a concept for converting the first four Trident class ballistic missile submarines into guided missile submarines (SSGN). This program would equip these submarines both for cruise missile operations and as special operations force insertion platforms. Each submarine could carry more than 100 Tomahawk cruise missiles and up to sixty-six special operations personnel with dual Dry Deck Shelter or two Advanced SEAL Delivery System mini-submarines for SEAL deployment.
Author: Marco Lanzagorta Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031016785 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 113
Book Description
Underwater vehicles and underwater moorings are increasing in tactical importance. As such, it is critical to have a robust and secure communication system connecting underwater vehicles on a long seaborne mission and a ground station. As a matter of fact, the deployment of efficient communication links with underwater vehicles is one of the greatest technological challenges presently confronted by the world's naval forces. To circumvent most of the limitations involved in the use of RF or acoustic channels for perfectly secure communications with underwater vehicles, it is worth considering the feasibility of an optical channel to facilitate a two-way satellite communication link secured via perfectly secure ciphers enabled by a quantum key distribution protocol. This book offers a concise review of underwater communications systems. Our approach is pedagogical, making a strong emphasis on the physics behind the attenuating properties of the oceanic environment and the propagation of electromagnetic signals in the ELF, VLF, and optical bands. We assume the reader is familiar with the basic principles of classical electrodynamics and optics. The system design, components, and noise analysis of an underwater optical communications device are discussed in detail. Furthermore, we offer simulations of the performance of the communication system for different types of ocean waters. Our final conclusion is that it appears to be feasible to design and build underwater communications using optical classical and quantum channels secured with quantum key distribution protocols. Table of Contents: Introduction / Electrodynamics of Attenuating Media / Underwater Communication Channels / Underwater Optical Communications: Technology / Underwater Optical Communications: Noise Analysis / Underwater Optical Communications: System Performance / Underwater Quantum Communications / Conclusions PDF (1764 KB) PDF Plus (1444 KB)
Author: Ronald O'Rourke Publisher: ISBN: 9781075833274 Category : Languages : en Pages : 30
Book Description
The Navy wants to develop and procure three new types of unmanned vehicles (UVs) in FY2020 and beyond-Large Unmanned Surface Vehicles (LUSVs), Medium Unmanned Surface Vehicles (MUSVs), and Extra-Large Unmanned Undersea Vehicles (XLUUVs). The Navy is requesting $628.8 million in FY2020 research and development funding for these three UV programs and their enabling technologies. The Navy wants to acquire these three types of UVs (which this report refers to collectively as large UVs) as part of an effort to shift the Navy to a new fleet architecture (i.e., a new combination of ships and other platforms) that is more widely distributed than the Navy's current architecture. Compared to the current fleet architecture, this more-distributed architecture is to include proportionately fewer large surface combatants (i.e., cruisers and destroyers), proportionately more small surface combatants (i.e., frigates and Littoral Combat Ships), and the addition of significant numbers of large UVs. The Navy wants to employ accelerated acquisition strategies for procuring these large UVs, so as to get them into service more quickly. The emphasis that the Navy placed on UV programs in its FY2020 budget submission and the Navy's desire to employ accelerated acquisition strategies in acquiring these large UVs together can be viewed as an expression of the urgency that the Navy attaches to fielding large UVs for meeting future military challenges from countries such as China. The LUSV program is a proposed new start project for FY2020. The Navy wants to procure two LUSVs per year in FY2020FY2024. The Navy wants LUSVs to be low-cost, high-endurance, reconfigurable ships based on commercial ship designs, with ample capacity for carrying various modular payloads-particularly anti-surface warfare (ASuW) and strike payloads, meaning principally anti-ship and land-attack missiles. The Navy reportedly envisions LUSVs as being 200 feet to 300 feet in length and having a full load displacement of about 2,000 tons. The MUSV program began in FY2019. The Navy plans to award a contract for the first MUSV in FY2019 and wants to award a contract for the second MUSV in FY2023. The Navy wants MUSVs, like LUSVs, to be low-cost, high-endurance, reconfigurable ships that can accommodate various payloads. Initial payloads for MUSVs are to be intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) payloads and electronic warfare (EW) systems. The Navy defines MUSVs as having a length of between 12 meters (about 39 feet) and 50 meters (about 164 feet). The Navy wants to pursue the MUSV program as a rapid prototyping effort under what is known as Section 804 acquisition authority. The XLUUV program, also known as Orca, was established to address a Joint Emergent Operational Need (JEON). The Navy wants to procure nine XLUUVs in FY2020-FY2024. The Navy announced on February 13, 2019, that it had selected Boeing to fabricate, test, and deliver the first four Orca XLUUVs and associated support elements. On March 27, 2019, the Navy announced that the award to Boeing had been expanded to include the fifth Orca. The Navy's large UV programs pose a number of oversight issues for Congress, including issues relating to the analytical basis for the more-distributed fleet architecture; the Navy's accelerated acquisition strategies and funding method for these programs; technical, schedule, and cost risk in the programs; the proposed annual procurement rates for the programs; the industrial base implications of the programs; the personnel implications of the programs; and whether the Navy has accurately priced the work it is proposing to do in FY2020 on the programs.
Author: Naval Postgraduate Naval Postgraduate School
Author: Naval Postgraduate Naval Postgraduate School
Author: Naval Postgraduate Naval Postgraduate School
Author: Robert Button
Author: Committee on Undersea Vehicles and National Needs
Author: Gwyn Griffiths
Author: Willard Calvert
Author: Edward A. Johnson
Author: Marco Lanzagorta
Author: Ronald O'Rourke
Author: