Un indicateur de potentiel de contamination des eaux par les pesticides PDF Download

Author: Alice Aubert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 43

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Book Description
Nos systèmes de production agricole, qu’ils soient conventionnels ou raisonnés, requièrent l’utilisation de produits phytosanitaires. Ces composés, plus ou moins mobiles et toxiques, peuvent engendrer des risques pour la santé humaine et l’environnement. Caractériser ces risques est un préalable à leur réduction.Ce mémoire de fin d'études présente la mise au point d’un nouvel indicateur de risque de contamination des eaux souterraine et superficielle par les pesticides. L'indicateur développé, PITSA (pesticide indicator for sustainable agriculture), se base sur des chroniques simulées de transfert. Les transferts par dérive de pulvérisation sont évalués par les abaques de Ganzelmeier, les transferts par ruissellement et érosion par le modèle numérique PRZM et les transferts par drainage, percolation et écoulements hypodermiques par le modèle MACRO. PITSA reflète la fréquence de jours de transfert de pesticides à des niveaux de concentrations dépassant les seuils règlementaires de potabilité de l'eau. L'application de l'indicateur à un cas d'étude relatif à la comparaison d'itinéraires techniques plus ou moins intensifs a démontré l'intérêt de la démarche et de PITSA. Dans le cas étudié, une réduction des usages a conduit à une réduction des transferts. Des études complémentaires visant à étudier la sensibilité de l'indicateur ainsi qu'à le valider sont nécessaires avant d'envisager une utilisation à large échelle.

Author: Enrique Barriuso
Publisher: Editions Quae
ISBN: 9782738011107
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : fr
Pages : 132

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Book Description
Le devenir des pesticides dans le sol et leur dispersion vers d'autres compartiments de l'environnement sont à l'origine des risques de contamination. L'évaluation de ces risques peut se faire de différentes manières : selon des démarches normées (par exemple dans le cadre de l'homologation des produits phytosanitaires), à l'aide d'indicateurs environnementaux ou encore selon des approches probabilistes. L'ouvrage présente ces outils d'estimation et les évolutions méthodologiques envisagées. Il donne également des orientations en matière de gestion pour la réduction des pollutions dues aux produits phytosanitaires. Il s'adresse à un large public : scientifiques, ingénieurs, enseignants, étudiants, professionnels (de l'environnement ou des industries phytopharmaceutiques, conseillers agricoles,...).

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water-supply
Languages : en
Pages : 972

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Author: Éric Montpetit
Publisher: UBC Press
ISBN: 0774840641
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 169

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Book Description
Citizens of industrialized countries largely share a sense that national and international governance is inadequate, believing not only that public authorities are incapable of making the right policy decisions, but also that the entire network of state and civil society actors responsible for the discussion, negotiation, and implementation of policy choices is untrustworthy. Using agro-environmental policy development in France, the United States, and Canada as case studies, ric Montpetit sets out to investigate the validity of this distrust through careful attention to the performance of the relevant policy networks. He concludes that distrust in policy networks is, for the most part, misplaced because high levels of performance by policy networks are more common than many political analysts and citizens expect.

Author: Deborah V Chapman
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0419215905
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 658

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Book Description
This guidebook, now thoroughly updated and revised in its second edition, gives comprehensive advice on the designing and setting up of monitoring programmes for the purpose of providing valid data for water quality assessments in all types of freshwater bodies. It is clearly and concisely written in order to provide the essential information for all agencies and individuals responsible for the water quality.

Author: Nicolas Flipo
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030542602
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 430

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Book Description
This open access book reviews the water-agro-food and socio-eco-system of the Seine River basin (76,000 km2), and offers a historical perspective on the river’s long-term contamination. The Seine basin is inhabited by circa 17 million people and is impacted by intensive agricultural practices and industrial activities. These pressures have gradually affected its hydrological, chemical and ecological functioning, leading to a maximum chemical degradation between the 1960s and the 1990s. Over the last three decades, while major water-quality improvements have been observed, new issues (e.g. endocrine disruptors, microplastics) have also emerged. The state of the Seine River network, from the headwaters to estuary, is increasingly controlled by the balance between pressures and social responses. This socio-ecosystem provides a unique example of the functioning of a territory under heavy anthropogenic pressure during the Anthropocene era. The achievements made were possible due to the long-term PIREN Seine research program, established in 1989 and today part of the French socio-ecological research network “Zones Ateliers”, itself part of the international Long-term Socio-economic and Ecological Research Network (LTSER). Written by experts in the field, the book provides an introduction to the water budget and the territorial metabolism of the Seine basin, and studies the trajectories and impact of various pollutants in the Seine River. It offers insights into the ecological functioning, the integration of agricultural practices, the analysis of aquatic organic matter, and the evolution of fish assemblages in the Seine basin, and also presents research perspectives and approaches to improve the water quality of the Seine River. Given its scope, it will appeal to environmental managers, scientists and policymakers interested in the long-term contamination of the Seine River.

Author: Daniel R. Thevenot
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1843391600
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 313

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Book Description
The European DayWater project has developed a prototype of an Adaptive Decision Support System (ADSS) related to urban stormwater pollution source control. The DayWater ADSS greatly facilitates decision-making for stormwater source control, which is currently impeded by the large number of stakeholders involved and by the necessary multidisciplinary knowledge. This book presents the results of this project, providing new insights into both technical and management issues. The main objectives of its technical chapters are pollution source control modelling, risk and impact assessment, and evaluation and comparison of best management practices. It also covers management aspects, such as the analysis of the decision-making processes in stormwater source control, at a European scale, and stormwater management strategies in general. The combination of scientific-technical and socio-managerial knowledge, with the strong cooperation of numerous end-users, reflects the innovative character of this book which includes actual applications of the ADSS prototype in significant case studies. DayWater: an Adaptive Decision Support System for Urban Stormwater Management contains 26 chapters collectively prepared by DayWater scientific partners and end-users associated with this European Research and Development project. It includes: A general presentation of the DayWater Adaptive Decision Support System (ADSS) structure and operation modes A detailed description of the major components of this ADSS prototype The assessment of its components in significant case studies in France, Germany and Sweden The proceedings of the International Conference on Decision Support Systems for Integrated Urban Water Management, held in Paris on 3-4 November 2005. The book presents the ADSS prototype including a combination of freely accessible on-line databases, guidance documents, “road maps” and modelling or multi-criteria analysis tools. As demonstrated in several significant case studies the challenge for stormwater managers is to make the benefits of urban stormwater management visible to society, resulting in active co-operation of a diversity of stakeholders. Only then, will sustainable management succeed. DayWater: an Adaptive Decision Support System for Urban Stormwater Management advances this cause of sustainable urban management through Urban stormwater management, and makes achievable (by means of risk and vulnerability tools which are included) the goal of integrated urban water management (IUWM).

Author: C. Melber
Publisher: WHO
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 154

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Book Description
On cover: IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety. Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization and the World Health Organization, and produced within the framework of the Inter-organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Animal ecology
Languages : fr
Pages : 574

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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309170435
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 241

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Book Description
Having safe drinking water is important to all Americans. The Environmental Protection Agency's decision in the summer of 2001 to delay implementing a new, more stringent standard for the maximum allowable level for arsenic in drinking water generated a great deal of criticism and controversy. Ultimately at issue were newer data on arsenic beyond those that had been examined in a 1999 National Research Council report. EPA asked the National Research Council for an evaluation of the new data available. The committee's analyses and conclusions are presented in Arsenic in Drinking Water: 2001 Update. New epidemiological studies are critically evaluated, as are new experimental data that provide information on how and at what level arsenic in drinking water can lead to cancer. The report's findings are consistent with those of the 1999 report that found high risks of cancer at the previous federal standard of 50 parts per billion. In fact, the new report concludes that men and women who consume water containing 3 parts per billion of arsenic daily have about a 1 in 1,000 increased risk of developing bladder or lung cancer during their lifetime.