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Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9789251044704 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
Agriculture and climate changes are closely linked. Agriculture has a significant impact on the process of climate change. There is uncertainty surrounding the implications of climate change for agricultural production. This document consists of two studies on this relationship. The first study provides an analysis of the various methodologies that have been used to measure the potential impacts of climate change on agricultural production and makes suggestions for further research. The second study is on the impact of agriculture on climate. It gives a detailed analysis of the potential for implementing the Clean Development Mechanism proposed under the Kyoto Protocol Convention on Climate Change in the agricultural sector of developing countries along with the relevant policy implications and requirements
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9789251044704 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
Agriculture and climate changes are closely linked. Agriculture has a significant impact on the process of climate change. There is uncertainty surrounding the implications of climate change for agricultural production. This document consists of two studies on this relationship. The first study provides an analysis of the various methodologies that have been used to measure the potential impacts of climate change on agricultural production and makes suggestions for further research. The second study is on the impact of agriculture on climate. It gives a detailed analysis of the potential for implementing the Clean Development Mechanism proposed under the Kyoto Protocol Convention on Climate Change in the agricultural sector of developing countries along with the relevant policy implications and requirements
Author: Celine Boulenger Publisher: ISBN: Category : Climatic changes Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Developing countries are expected to be the most vulnerable to future climate change due to their reliance on agriculture, their geographic location as well as their lack of resources for mitigation and adaptation. It is crucial to (1) measure the economic impacts of climate change on the developing world, (2) understand which regions will be affected the most to be able to efficiently allocate the scarce resources available for adaptation (3) study which measures towards mitigation and adaptation improve development in these regions. In these two essays, I address these issues using (1) macroeconomic data and a cointegration model to quantify the effects of renewable energy on GDP in 15 developing countries and (2) microeconomic data and a fixed-effects panel model to measure the impacts of climate change on agriculture in Chile. In the first essay, I find that switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy has a positive effect on GDP in developing countries both in the long and the short-run. These results show that using renewable energy will not only help mitigate the effects of climate change by reducing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, but also allow them to get out of poverty. In the second essay, I find that high temperatures are extremely harmful for corn and potato production in Chile. I find that one more day of temperatures above the upper threshold of 29C reduces corn and potato yields by almost 20% and that these reductions in yields are strongest for the poorest regions of the country. These results give evidence that future climate change will have significant negative impacts on agriculture in Chile and could also increase inequality and poverty.
Author: Shun Chonabayashi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This dissertation lies at the intersection of environmental economics and development economics. It includes three essays that empirically examine the effects of climate change and extreme weather events on agriculture in both developed and developing countries.The first essay explores how the choice of weather data sets could affect estimates of climate change impacts. A large body of empirical literature finds that high temperatures are detrimental to a wide range of economic outcomes. These effects are often identified from the within-location temporal variation in exposure to the extreme right tail of the temperature distribution. Here, we document large discrepancies in exposure to extreme temperatures across six high-resolution gridded weather data sets in the US, where weather data is considered to be of high quality. We explore and illustrate the consequences of these data discrepancies in the estimation of potential climate change impacts on agriculture. We find that most climate change impacts based on different climate data sets are not statistically different from each other. Yet, the choice of the underlying weather data set can account for up to 48 percent of estimated warming damages on US crop yields. These findings highlight an important, but generally unrecognized, source of uncertainty in estimates of climate change impacts and the need for more systematic intercomparisons of widely used geospatial data sets in environmental social sciences.In the second essay, we estimate the impact of self-reported occurrences of droughts and floods on crop and livestock net income in Sub-Saharan Africa during the period 2009-2016. Based on a pooled data set for five countries, we find robust negative and heterogeneous impacts of droughts and floods across different levels of irrigation, poverty, and agricultural diversification, including reductions of net crop income by 34 percent and 61 percent due to droughts and floods, respectively. The study also confirms the importance of poverty alleviation and agricultural diversification to cope with the adverse effects of droughts and floods.The third essay studies the effects of droughts and floods on agricultural livelihoods in Zambia. The adverse effects of weather extremes produce widespread damage and cause severe alterations in the normal functioning of household agricultural production in Zambia. The intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods, are expected to increase due to climate change. Coupled with high poverty levels and limited institutional capacity, the country is highly vulnerable to the impact of extreme events. We quantify the effects of economic diversification on the agricultural productivity of poor farm households with a skew-normal regression approach while accounting for drought and flood shocks. Our analysis finds that economic diversification is a strategy to increase agricultural productivity and mitigate the adverse impact of droughts and floods on agricultural households. The results also support the country's policies to encourage hybrid maize production and to provide crop seeds and fertilizers to poor farmers. This paper provides a framework to plan and inform interventions to enhance household economic resilience to weather shocks through agricultural diversification in Zambia and other countries.
Author: Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner Publisher: Greenhaven Publishing LLC ISBN: 0737741562 Category : Young Adult Nonfiction Languages : en Pages : 236
Book Description
This critical, crucial volume explores the politics and effects of global climate change. The first chapter presents essays from global resources that discuss the debate of climate change; is it real? One essay asserts that the United States is failing to address the very real existence of climate change. Chapter two discuses the impact of global climate change. Readers will learn about South America's Amazon basin and its loss of species and habitats. Chapter three discusses developing nations and climate change. Chapter four helps readers evaluate what is being done to combat climate change. Stellar essay sources include RoyalSociety.org, United States House of Representatives, Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Working Group II, and the United Nations Environment Programme.
Author: Wei Wei Wang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This dissertation investigates three economic aspects of the climate change issue: optimal allocation of investment between adaptation and mitigation, impacts on a ground water dependent regional agricultural economy and effects on global food insecurity. This is done in three essays by applying mathematical programming. In the first essay, a modeling study is done on optimal temporal investment between climate change adaptation and mitigation considering their relative contributions to damage reduction and diversion of funds from consumption and other investments. To conduct this research, we extend the widely used Integrated Assessment Model?DICE (Dynamic Integrated Climate Economy) adding improved adaptation modeling. The model results suggest that the joint implementation of adaptation and mitigation is welfare improving with a greater immediate role for adaptation. In the second essay, the research focuses on the ground water dependent agricultural economy in the Texas High Plains Region. A regionally detailed dynamic land allocation model is developed and applied for studying interrelationships between limited natural resources (e.g. land and groundwater), climate change, bioenergy demands and agricultural production. We find out that the effect varies regionally across hydrologically heterogeneous regions. Also, water availability has a substantial impact on feedstock mix. In terms of biofuel feedstock production, the model results show that limited water resource cannot sustain expanded corn-based ethanol production in the future. In the third essay, a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model is applied in an attempt to study potential impacts of climate change on global food insecurity. Our results show that climate change alters the number of food insecure people in a regionally different fashion over time. In general, the largest increase of additional food insecure population relative to the reference case (no climate change) is found in Africa and South Asia, while most of developed countries will benefit from climate change with a reduced proportion of food insecure population. In general, climate change affects world agricultural production and food security. Integrated adaptation and mitigation strategy is more effective in reducing climate change damages. However, there are synergies/trade-offs between these two options, particularly in regions with limited natural resources.
Author: Bjorn Lomborg Publisher: Vintage ISBN: 0307267792 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
Bjorn Lomborg argues that many of the elaborate and staggeringly expensive actions now being considered to meet the challenges of global warming ultimately will have little impact on the world’s temperature. He suggests that rather than focusing on ineffective solutions that will cost us trillions of dollars over the coming decades, we should be looking for smarter, more cost-effective approaches (such as massively increasing our commitment to green energy R&D) that will allow us to deal not only with climate change but also with other pressing global concerns, such as malaria and HIV/AIDS. And he considers why and how this debate has fostered an atmosphere in which dissenters are immediately demonized.
Author: Uffe Nielsen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Development economics Languages : en Pages : 150
Book Description
This thesis is a collection of essays all within the subject matter of environment and development economics. They fall within two main topics of this field: The last three essays deal with the micro-level incentives of inhabitants in poor run areas of developing countries for conservation of environmental resources. The first three essays take on a much more global approach, in that they deal with distributional issues (intra-or inter-generational) involved in the financing of large-scale environmental programmes, such as programmes intended to curtain or adapt to global climate change, and environmentally related "aid" projects offered to less developed countries.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Author: Celine Boulenger
Author: R0bert Mendelsohn
Author: Jonathan Franzen
Author: Shun Chonabayashi
Author: Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner
Author: Wei Wei Wang
Author: Bjorn Lomborg
Author: Uffe Nielsen
Author: Brenda Tang