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Author: Michael Eugene Thomas Publisher: ISBN: Category : Infrared spectroscopy Languages : en Pages : 468
Book Description
Attenuation of infrared radiation in the troposphere is dominated by water vapor absorption. Most past work on the spectroscopy of water vapor has been on the analysis of the rotational and vibrational bands. As a result a thorough listing of line positions, line strengths and halfwidths exists today. Because of the weak 'continuum' absorption in the water vapor windows centered at 10 and 4 microns, efforts to measure and model the continuum have not been as successful as efforts in the analysis of the bands. Yet a precise understanding of continuum absorption is important for long path energy transmission. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the importance of far wing phenomena in characterizing H2O continuum absorption. A total line shape for water vapor-nitrogen interactions valid under tropospheric conditions is derived. The model is tested using a set of experimental room temperature H2O continuum measurements of high quality. Using this data base parameters of the far wing component of the total line shape are determined.
Author: Michael Eugene Thomas Publisher: ISBN: Category : Infrared spectroscopy Languages : en Pages : 468
Book Description
Attenuation of infrared radiation in the troposphere is dominated by water vapor absorption. Most past work on the spectroscopy of water vapor has been on the analysis of the rotational and vibrational bands. As a result a thorough listing of line positions, line strengths and halfwidths exists today. Because of the weak 'continuum' absorption in the water vapor windows centered at 10 and 4 microns, efforts to measure and model the continuum have not been as successful as efforts in the analysis of the bands. Yet a precise understanding of continuum absorption is important for long path energy transmission. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the importance of far wing phenomena in characterizing H2O continuum absorption. A total line shape for water vapor-nitrogen interactions valid under tropospheric conditions is derived. The model is tested using a set of experimental room temperature H2O continuum measurements of high quality. Using this data base parameters of the far wing component of the total line shape are determined.
Author: Adarsh Deepak Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1483273342 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 712
Book Description
Atmospheric Water Vapor contains the technical proceedings of the International Workshop on Atmospheric Water Vapor held in Vail, Colorado, on September 11-13, 1979. The papers assess the state-of-the-art in measurement, modeling, and application of atmospheric water vapor properties and highlight important problems that require further effort in order to better understand the atmosphere itself as well as the electromagnetic propagation through the atmosphere. Comprised of 39 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the optics and spectroscopy of water vapor. Some actual spectra showing the problems specific to the water molecule are described, along with the method used to calculate precise vibration-rotation energy levels and wave functions. Atmospheric infrared transmission measurements in maritime locations are also presented. Subsequent sections explore microwave and millimeter wave phenomena; geoastrophysical applications; and in situ measurements, remote sensing, and meteorology of water vapor. The final chapters deal with the microphysics and atmospheric chemistry of water vapor. This monograph will be of interest to scientists from universities, government agencies, research laboratories, and industry.
Author: Robert Paul D'Entremont Publisher: ISBN: Category : Attenuation (Physics) Languages : en Pages : 50
Book Description
The Real-Time Nephanalysis (RTNE PH) generates real-time global analysis of cloud extent, base, height, and type. The RTNE PH makes extensive use of satellite data that are measured in the 10-12 micron infrared (IR) window for thermal mapping of clouds and the earth's surface both day and night. Water vapor absorption effects are significant in such data, especially for high viewing angles and tropical atmospheres where water vapor concentrations are generally high. Water vapor attenuates the emitted ground radiance, reducing its magnitude and with it the apparent temperature of the surface being viewed. Currently, the RTNEPH takes into account such attenuation losses using lookup tables that are functions of viewing geometry, time of day, type of background, and the like. However, these corrections have limited value and leave room for significant improvement. This report outlines and presents two new techniques that are expected to enhance the attenuation correction capabilities of the RTNEPH, multivariate polynomial regression (the Weinreb technique) and the correlated K method.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 39
Book Description
Water aerosols theoretically are capable of very strong absorption and emission in the 8 micrometers to 13 micrometers infrared atmospheric window, owing to the 10,000 increase in the absorptivity of water in this spectral region for the liquid phase as compared to that for water vapor. The author reviews his earlier papers in light of subsequence developments reported in the literature and finds strong evidence for water aerosol activity in measurements relating to atmospheric transmission, radiance, and turbulence. Several examples are given of experimental increases in optical activity of the atmosphere with relative humidity increases, even though absolute humidities (reflecting water vapor concentrations normally stated to cause similar effects owing to wing absorption of distant lines) are quite constant. Availability and suitability of condensation nuclei are thought to be significant in determining the degree of water aerosol absorption and emission. Emission effects are most pronounced.
Author: R. F. Calfee Publisher: ISBN: Category : Absorption spectra Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
We report the quantitative absorption coefficients of water vapor in a format suitable for calculation of water vapor absorption spectra characterized by instrumental bandpasses of 1 cm−1 or greater in the 670 to 1450 cm−1 region. The coefficients are derived from individual line parameters of H2O and represent a useful way of reducing line parameter data to a practical volume of information for 1 cm−1 resolution spectra of the troposphere. Transmission spectra for three water vapor concentrations show typical applications of the absorption coefficient tables. The application of the data is restricted to conditions within 10% of 1 atmosphere pressure and a temperature of 296 K if a transmission accuracy of 2% is to be maintained.
Author: Michael E. Thomas Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0195357973 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 578
Book Description
A typical optical system is composed of three basic components: a source, a detector, and a medium in which the optical energy propagates. Many textbooks cover sources and detectors, but very few cover propagation in a comprehensive way, incorporating the latest progress in theory and experiment concerning the propagating medium. This book fulfills that need. It is the first comprehensive and self-contained book on this topic. It is useful reference book for researchers, and a textbook for courses like Laser Light Propagation, Solid State Optics, and Optical Propagation in the Atmosphere.
Author: Hugh R. Carlon Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 22
Book Description
Measurements of anomalous or excessive absorption by atmospheric water vapor, i.e., absorption in excess of water monomer absorption and droplet scattering predictions, are analyzed for the infrared and 5-17/cm regions. Both fair weather and fog data are considered. It is found that observations in both spectral regions can be explained by clustering (hydrogen bonding) of approx. .001 of vapor molecules. The development leads to several tentative conclusions: 1) equilibrium cluster populations (and maximum absorption) are only attained for vapor in contact with liquid water; 2) the clusters are formed by evaporation, are large, and cannot be modeled by Boltzmann statistics; 3) cluster modes can account for unexplained spectral features at 5-17/cm; 4) excessive absorption both in the infrared and 5-17/cm regions probably can be explained by the same cluster species. In the appendix, the visible and infrared optical properties of evaporation stabilized water fogs also are considered. Evaporation of artificial water fogs can be retarded by the application of coatings of long-chain fatty alcohols to the droplets during generation. Measurements are described, and droplet diameters and mass extinction coefficients are reported for water fogs coated with cetyl alcohol (1-hexadecanol) from a commercial generator. (aw).
Author: Michael Eugene Thomas
Author: Michael Eugene Thomas
Author: Adarsh Deepak
Author: Robert Paul D'Entremont
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Author: R. F. Calfee
Author: Michael E. Thomas
Author: R. A. Hanel
Author: Hugh R. Carlon
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