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Author: Ralph Elliott Morrison Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 128
Book Description
Tropical geometry is young field of mathematics that connects algebraic geometry and combinatorics. It considers "combinatorial shadows" of classical algebraic objects, which preserve information while being more susceptible to discrete methods. Tropical geometry has proven useful in such subjects as polynomial implicitization, scheduling problems, and phylogenetics. Of particular interesest in this work is the application of tropical geometry to study curves (and other varieties) over non-Archimedean fields, which can be tropicalized to tropical curves (and other tropical varieties). Chapter 1 presents background material on tropical geometry, and presents two perspectives on tropical curves: the embedded perspective, which treats them as balanced polyhedral complexes in Euclidean space, and the abstract perspective, which treats them as metric graphs. This chapter also presents the background on curves over non-Archimedean fields necessary for the rest of this work, including the moduli space of curves of a given genus and the Berkovich analytic space associated to a curve. Chapters 2 and 3 study tropical curves embedded in the plane. Chapter 2 deals with tropical plane curves that intersect non-transversely, and opens with a result on which configurations of points in such an intersection can be lifted to intersection points of classical curves. It then moves on to present a joint work with Matthew Baker, Yoav Len, Nathan Pflueger, and Qingchun Ren that builds up a theory of bitangents of smooth tropical plane quartic curves in parallel to the classical theory. Chapter 3 presents joint work with Sarah Brodsky, Michael Joswig, and Bernd Sturmfels, and is a study of which metric graphs arise as skeletons of smooth tropical plane curves. We begin by defining the moduli space of tropical plane curves, which is the tropical analog of Castryck and Voight's space of nondegenerate curves in [CV09]. The first main theorem is that our space is full-dimensional inside of the tropicalization of the corresponding classical space, a result proved using honeycomb curves. The chapter proceeds to a computational study of the moduli space of tropical plane curves, and explicitly computes the spaces for genus up to 5. The chapter closes with both theoretical and computational results on tropical hyperelliptic curves that can be embedded in the plane. Chapter 4 presents joint work with Qingchun Ren and is an algorithmic treatment of a special family of curves over a non-Archimedean field called Mumford curves. These are of particular interest in tropical geometry, as they are the curves whose tropicalizations can have genus-many cycles. We build up a family of algorithms, implemented in sage [S+13], for computing many objects associated to such a curve over the field of p-adic numbers, including its Jacobian, its Berkovich skeleton, and points in its canonical embedding. Chapter 5 is joint work with Ngoc Tran, and is a departure from studying tropical curves. It considers what it means for matrix multiplication to commute tropically, both in the context of tropical linear algebra and by considering the tropicalization of the classical commuting variety, whose points are pairs of commuting matrices. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for small matrices to commute, and illustrate three different tropical spaces, each of which has some claim to being "the" space of tropical commuting matrices.
Author: Ralph Elliott Morrison Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 128
Book Description
Tropical geometry is young field of mathematics that connects algebraic geometry and combinatorics. It considers "combinatorial shadows" of classical algebraic objects, which preserve information while being more susceptible to discrete methods. Tropical geometry has proven useful in such subjects as polynomial implicitization, scheduling problems, and phylogenetics. Of particular interesest in this work is the application of tropical geometry to study curves (and other varieties) over non-Archimedean fields, which can be tropicalized to tropical curves (and other tropical varieties). Chapter 1 presents background material on tropical geometry, and presents two perspectives on tropical curves: the embedded perspective, which treats them as balanced polyhedral complexes in Euclidean space, and the abstract perspective, which treats them as metric graphs. This chapter also presents the background on curves over non-Archimedean fields necessary for the rest of this work, including the moduli space of curves of a given genus and the Berkovich analytic space associated to a curve. Chapters 2 and 3 study tropical curves embedded in the plane. Chapter 2 deals with tropical plane curves that intersect non-transversely, and opens with a result on which configurations of points in such an intersection can be lifted to intersection points of classical curves. It then moves on to present a joint work with Matthew Baker, Yoav Len, Nathan Pflueger, and Qingchun Ren that builds up a theory of bitangents of smooth tropical plane quartic curves in parallel to the classical theory. Chapter 3 presents joint work with Sarah Brodsky, Michael Joswig, and Bernd Sturmfels, and is a study of which metric graphs arise as skeletons of smooth tropical plane curves. We begin by defining the moduli space of tropical plane curves, which is the tropical analog of Castryck and Voight's space of nondegenerate curves in [CV09]. The first main theorem is that our space is full-dimensional inside of the tropicalization of the corresponding classical space, a result proved using honeycomb curves. The chapter proceeds to a computational study of the moduli space of tropical plane curves, and explicitly computes the spaces for genus up to 5. The chapter closes with both theoretical and computational results on tropical hyperelliptic curves that can be embedded in the plane. Chapter 4 presents joint work with Qingchun Ren and is an algorithmic treatment of a special family of curves over a non-Archimedean field called Mumford curves. These are of particular interest in tropical geometry, as they are the curves whose tropicalizations can have genus-many cycles. We build up a family of algorithms, implemented in sage [S+13], for computing many objects associated to such a curve over the field of p-adic numbers, including its Jacobian, its Berkovich skeleton, and points in its canonical embedding. Chapter 5 is joint work with Ngoc Tran, and is a departure from studying tropical curves. It considers what it means for matrix multiplication to commute tropically, both in the context of tropical linear algebra and by considering the tropicalization of the classical commuting variety, whose points are pairs of commuting matrices. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for small matrices to commute, and illustrate three different tropical spaces, each of which has some claim to being "the" space of tropical commuting matrices.
Author: Omid Amini Publisher: American Mathematical Soc. ISBN: 1470410214 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 274
Book Description
Over the past decade, it has become apparent that tropical geometry and non-Archimedean geometry should be studied in tandem; each subject has a great deal to say about the other. This volume is a collection of articles dedicated to one or both of these disciplines. Some of the articles are based, at least in part, on the authors' lectures at the 2011 Bellairs Workshop in Number Theory, held from May 6-13, 2011, at the Bellairs Research Institute, Holetown, Barbados. Lecture topics covered in this volume include polyhedral structures on tropical varieties, the structure theory of non-Archimedean curves (algebraic, analytic, tropical, and formal), uniformisation theory for non-Archimedean curves and abelian varieties, and applications to Diophantine geometry. Additional articles selected for inclusion in this volume represent other facets of current research and illuminate connections between tropical geometry, non-Archimedean geometry, toric geometry, algebraic graph theory, and algorithmic aspects of systems of polynomial equations.
Author: Matthew Baker Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319309455 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 534
Book Description
This volume grew out of two Simons Symposia on "Nonarchimedean and tropical geometry" which took place on the island of St. John in April 2013 and in Puerto Rico in February 2015. Each meeting gathered a small group of experts working near the interface between tropical geometry and nonarchimedean analytic spaces for a series of inspiring and provocative lectures on cutting edge research, interspersed with lively discussions and collaborative work in small groups. The articles collected here, which include high-level surveys as well as original research, mirror the main themes of the two Symposia. Topics covered in this volume include: Differential forms and currents, and solutions of Monge-Ampere type differential equations on Berkovich spaces and their skeletons; The homotopy types of nonarchimedean analytifications; The existence of "faithful tropicalizations" which encode the topology and geometry of analytifications; Relations between nonarchimedean analytic spaces and algebraic geometry, including logarithmic schemes, birational geometry, and the geometry of algebraic curves; Extended notions of tropical varieties which relate to Huber's theory of adic spaces analogously to the way that usual tropical varieties relate to Berkovich spaces; and Relations between nonarchimedean geometry and combinatorics, including deep and fascinating connections between matroid theory, tropical geometry, and Hodge theory.
Author: Ilia Itenberg Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3034600488 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 113
Book Description
These notes present a polished introduction to tropical geometry and contain some applications of this rapidly developing and attractive subject. It consists of three chapters which complete each other and give a possibility for non-specialists to make the first steps in the subject which is not yet well represented in the literature. The notes are based on a seminar at the Mathematical Research Center in Oberwolfach in October 2004. The intended audience is graduate, post-graduate, and Ph.D. students as well as established researchers in mathematics.
Author: Melody Tung Chan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 230
Book Description
In just ten years, tropical geometry has established itself as an important new field bridging algebraic geometry and combinatorics whose techniques have been used to attack problems in both fields. It also has important connections to areas as diverse as geometric group theory, mirror symmetry, and phylogenetics. Our particular interest here is the tropical geometry associated to algebraic curves over a field with nonarchimedean valuation. This dissertation examines tropical curves from several angles. An abstract tropical curve is a vertex-weighted metric graph satisfying certain conditions (see Definition 2.2.1), while an embedded tropical curve takes the form of a 1-dimensional balanced polyhedral complex in Rn̂. Both combinatorial objects inform the study of algebraic curves over nonarchimedean fields. The connection between the two perspectives is also very rich and is developed e.g. in [Pay09] and [BPR11]; we give a brief overview in Chapter 1 as well as a contribution in Chapter 4. Chapters 2 and 3 are contributions to the study of abstract tropical curves. We begin in Chapter 2 by studying the moduli space of abstract tropical curves of genus g, the moduli space of principally polarized tropical abelian varieties, and the tropical Torelli map, as initiated in [BMV11]. We provide a detailed combinatorial and computational study of these objects and give a new definition of the category of stacky fans, of which the aforementioned moduli spaces are objects and the Torelli map is a morphism. In Chapter 3, we study the locus of tropical hyperelliptic curves inside the moduli space of tropical curves of genus g. Our work ties together two strands in the tropical geometry literature, namely the study of the tropical moduli space of curves and tropical Brill-Noether theory. Our methods are graph-theoretic and extend much of the work of Baker and Norine [BN09] on harmonic morphisms of graphs to the case of metric graphs. We also provide new computations of tropical hyperelliptic loci in the form of theorems describing their specific combinatorial structure. Chapter 4 presents joint work with Bernd Sturmfels and is a contribution to the study of tropical curves as balanced embedded 1-dimensional polyhedral complexes. We say that a plane cubic curve, defined over a field with valuation, is in honeycomb form if its tropicalization exhibits the standard hexagonal cycle shown in Figure 4.1. We explicitly compute such representations from a given j-invariant with negative valuation, we give an analytic characterization of elliptic curves in honeycomb form, and we offer a detailed analysis of the tropical group law on such a curve. Chapter 5 is joint work with Anders Jensen and Elena Rubei and is a departure from the subject of tropical curves. In this chapter, we study tropical determinantal varieties and prevarieties. After recalling the definitions of tropical prevarieties, varieties, and bases, we present a short proof that the 4×4 minors of a 5×n matrix of indeterminates form a tropical basis. The methods are combinatorial and involve a study of arrangements of tropical hyperplanes. Our result together with the results in [DSS05], [Shi10], [Shi11] answer completely the fundamental question of when the r × r minors of a d × n matrix form a tropical basis; see Table 5.1.
Author: Diane Maclagan Publisher: American Mathematical Society ISBN: 1470468565 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 363
Book Description
Tropical geometry is a combinatorial shadow of algebraic geometry, offering new polyhedral tools to compute invariants of algebraic varieties. It is based on tropical algebra, where the sum of two numbers is their minimum and the product is their sum. This turns polynomials into piecewise-linear functions, and their zero sets into polyhedral complexes. These tropical varieties retain a surprising amount of information about their classical counterparts. Tropical geometry is a young subject that has undergone a rapid development since the beginning of the 21st century. While establishing itself as an area in its own right, deep connections have been made to many branches of pure and applied mathematics. This book offers a self-contained introduction to tropical geometry, suitable as a course text for beginning graduate students. Proofs are provided for the main results, such as the Fundamental Theorem and the Structure Theorem. Numerous examples and explicit computations illustrate the main concepts. Each of the six chapters concludes with problems that will help the readers to practice their tropical skills, and to gain access to the research literature. This wonderful book will appeal to students and researchers of all stripes: it begins at an undergraduate level and ends with deep connections to toric varieties, compactifications, and degenerations. In between, the authors provide the first complete proofs in book form of many fundamental results in the subject. The pages are sprinkled with illuminating examples, applications, and exercises, and the writing is lucid and meticulous throughout. It is that rare kind of book which will be used equally as an introductory text by students and as a reference for experts. —Matt Baker, Georgia Institute of Technology Tropical geometry is an exciting new field, which requires tools from various parts of mathematics and has connections with many areas. A short definition is given by Maclagan and Sturmfels: “Tropical geometry is a marriage between algebraic and polyhedral geometry”. This wonderful book is a pleasant and rewarding journey through different landscapes, inviting the readers from a day at a beach to the hills of modern algebraic geometry. The authors present building blocks, examples and exercises as well as recent results in tropical geometry, with ingredients from algebra, combinatorics, symbolic computation, polyhedral geometry and algebraic geometry. The volume will appeal both to beginning graduate students willing to enter the field and to researchers, including experts. —Alicia Dickenstein, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Author: Ilia Itenberg Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0817682775 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 483
Book Description
The articles in this volume are invited papers from the Marcus Wallenberg symposium and focus on research topics that bridge the gap between analysis, geometry, and topology. The encounters between these three fields are widespread and often provide impetus for major breakthroughs in applications. Topics include new developments in low dimensional topology related to invariants of links and three and four manifolds; Perelman's spectacular proof of the Poincare conjecture; and the recent advances made in algebraic, complex, symplectic, and tropical geometry.
Author: Richard Thomas Publisher: American Mathematical Soc. ISBN: 1470435780 Category : Geometry, Algebraic Languages : en Pages : 635
Book Description
This is Part 2 of a two-volume set. Since Oscar Zariski organized a meeting in 1954, there has been a major algebraic geometry meeting every decade: Woods Hole (1964), Arcata (1974), Bowdoin (1985), Santa Cruz (1995), and Seattle (2005). The American Mathematical Society has supported these summer institutes for over 50 years. Their proceedings volumes have been extremely influential, summarizing the state of algebraic geometry at the time and pointing to future developments. The most recent Summer Institute in Algebraic Geometry was held July 2015 at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, sponsored by the AMS with the collaboration of the Clay Mathematics Institute. This volume includes surveys growing out of plenary lectures and seminar talks during the meeting. Some present a broad overview of their topics, while others develop a distinctive perspective on an emerging topic. Topics span both complex algebraic geometry and arithmetic questions, specifically, analytic techniques, enumerative geometry, moduli theory, derived categories, birational geometry, tropical geometry, Diophantine questions, geometric representation theory, characteristic and -adic tools, etc. The resulting articles will be important references in these areas for years to come.
Author: Valery Alexeev Publisher: American Mathematical Soc. ISBN: 0821843346 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 290
Book Description
"This book is devoted to recent progress in the study of curves and abelian varieties. It discusses both classical aspects of this deep and beautiful subject as well as two important new developments, tropical geometry and the theory of log schemes." "In addition to original research articles, this book contains three surveys devoted to singularities of theta divisors. of compactified Jucobiuns of singular curves, and of "strange duality" among moduli spaces of vector bundles on algebraic varieties."--BOOK JACKET.
Author: Bruno Anglès Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030662497 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
This volume introduces some recent developments in Arithmetic Geometry over local fields. Its seven chapters are centered around two common themes: the study of Drinfeld modules and non-Archimedean analytic geometry. The notes grew out of lectures held during the research program "Arithmetic and geometry of local and global fields" which took place at the Vietnam Institute of Advanced Study in Mathematics (VIASM) from June to August 2018. The authors, leading experts in the field, have put great effort into making the text as self-contained as possible, introducing the basic tools of the subject. The numerous concrete examples and suggested research problems will enable graduate students and young researchers to quickly reach the frontiers of this fascinating branch of mathematics.
Author: Ralph Elliott Morrison
Author: Ralph Elliott Morrison
Author: Omid Amini
Author: Matthew Baker
Author: Ilia Itenberg
Author: Melody Tung Chan
Author: Diane Maclagan
Author: Ilia Itenberg
Author: Richard Thomas
Author: Valery Alexeev
Author: Bruno Anglès