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Author: Rangesh Srinivasan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 221
Book Description
Most of the challenges in drinking water treatment arise out of contaminants that are present in extremely low concentrations and have properties that make them extremely difficult to be removed by conventional treatment methods. This study tries to look at the treatment of two such microcontaminants's serchlorate and MIB (Methyl Isoborneol)/ Geosmin. Perchlorate (ClO4- ) is a major inorganic contaminant in drinking water and has been detected in a number of public drinking water systems nationwide and has serious health impacts associated with it. A complete and critical review on this intriguing contaminant is presented including a detailed discussion on sources of contamination, the policy aspects including regulation and the available treatment technologies and their feasibility. It is clearly evident that it would not be possible to achieve compete removal of perchlorate with the direct application of a single technology and it is highly likely that a combination of these technologies would have to be employed to overcome this challenge. Physical removal technologies such as ion exchange are effective for perchlorate but they also generate brines highly concentrated in perchlorate and suffer from selectivity issues. Hence a destruction technology that completely reduces perchlorate to harmless chloride is preferred. This study investigates the potential removal of perchlorate ion in drinking water by combining electrochemical reduction with zero-valent iron reduction and the effectiveness of this technology will serve as a basis to further develop the proposed methodology to purify surface or ground water in target zones at a larger scale. Geosmin and MIB are organic semi-volatile chemicals that can seriously influence the finished quality of drinking water by imparting taste and odor to it even at extremely low concentrations. A critical review of these two taste and odor causing compounds in drinking water is presented with emphasis on the relevant treatment alternatives. Although some of these technologies are more effective and show more promise than the others, much work remains to be done in order to optimize these technologies for removal of MIB and geosmin while being effectively used for treatment of other common contaminants. Studies have shown that activated carbon adsorption is the most effective technology currently available for treatment of these compounds. The impact of adsorbent pore size distribution (PSD) and presence of natural organic matter (NOM) on activated carbon adsorption of MIB and geosmin was evaluated through single solute and multicomponent adsorption of these compounds on three types of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) and one granular activated carbon (GAC). It was seen that the experimental data was well defined by single solute adsorption isotherms and both PSD and NOM were major factors influencing adsorption. The binary adsorption of MIB and geosmin on ACFs and GAC was well defined by the ideal adsorbed solute theory (IAST), which is a well established thermodynamic model for multicomponent adsorption. There were no significant differences in the binary isotherm between the oxic and anoxic conditions, indicating that adsorption was purely through physical adsorption and no oligomerization was taking place.
Author: Rangesh Srinivasan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 221
Book Description
Most of the challenges in drinking water treatment arise out of contaminants that are present in extremely low concentrations and have properties that make them extremely difficult to be removed by conventional treatment methods. This study tries to look at the treatment of two such microcontaminants's serchlorate and MIB (Methyl Isoborneol)/ Geosmin. Perchlorate (ClO4- ) is a major inorganic contaminant in drinking water and has been detected in a number of public drinking water systems nationwide and has serious health impacts associated with it. A complete and critical review on this intriguing contaminant is presented including a detailed discussion on sources of contamination, the policy aspects including regulation and the available treatment technologies and their feasibility. It is clearly evident that it would not be possible to achieve compete removal of perchlorate with the direct application of a single technology and it is highly likely that a combination of these technologies would have to be employed to overcome this challenge. Physical removal technologies such as ion exchange are effective for perchlorate but they also generate brines highly concentrated in perchlorate and suffer from selectivity issues. Hence a destruction technology that completely reduces perchlorate to harmless chloride is preferred. This study investigates the potential removal of perchlorate ion in drinking water by combining electrochemical reduction with zero-valent iron reduction and the effectiveness of this technology will serve as a basis to further develop the proposed methodology to purify surface or ground water in target zones at a larger scale. Geosmin and MIB are organic semi-volatile chemicals that can seriously influence the finished quality of drinking water by imparting taste and odor to it even at extremely low concentrations. A critical review of these two taste and odor causing compounds in drinking water is presented with emphasis on the relevant treatment alternatives. Although some of these technologies are more effective and show more promise than the others, much work remains to be done in order to optimize these technologies for removal of MIB and geosmin while being effectively used for treatment of other common contaminants. Studies have shown that activated carbon adsorption is the most effective technology currently available for treatment of these compounds. The impact of adsorbent pore size distribution (PSD) and presence of natural organic matter (NOM) on activated carbon adsorption of MIB and geosmin was evaluated through single solute and multicomponent adsorption of these compounds on three types of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) and one granular activated carbon (GAC). It was seen that the experimental data was well defined by single solute adsorption isotherms and both PSD and NOM were major factors influencing adsorption. The binary adsorption of MIB and geosmin on ACFs and GAC was well defined by the ideal adsorbed solute theory (IAST), which is a well established thermodynamic model for multicomponent adsorption. There were no significant differences in the binary isotherm between the oxic and anoxic conditions, indicating that adsorption was purely through physical adsorption and no oligomerization was taking place.
Author: Jurate Virkutyte Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1843393166 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 505
Book Description
Over the last few years there has been a growing concern over the increasing concentration of micropollutants originating from a great variety of sources including pharmaceutical, chemical engineering and personal care product industries in rivers, lakes, soil and groundwater. As most of the micropollutants are polar and persistent compounds, they are only partially or not at all removed from wastewater and thus can enter the environment posing a great risk to the biota. It is hypothesized that wastewater is one of the most important point sources for micropollutants. Treatment of Micropollutants in Water and Wastewater gives a comprehensive overview of modern analytical methods and will summarize novel single and hybrid methods to remove continuously emerging contaminants - micropollutants from the aqueous phase. New trends (e.g. sensor technology, nanotechnology and hybrid treatment technologies) are described in detail. The book is very timely because the new techniques are still in the development phase and have to be realized not only in the laboratory but also on a larger scale. The content of the book is divided into chapters that present current descriptive and analytical methods that are available to detect and measure micropollutants together with detailed information on various chemical, biological and physicochemical methods that have evolved over the last few decades. Treatment of Micropollutants in Water and Wastewater will also enable readers to make well informed choices through providing an understanding of why and how micropollutants must be removed from water sources, and what are the most appropriate and available techniques for providing a cost and technologically effective and sustainable solutions for reaching the goal of micropollutant-free water and wastewater. The book will be suitable for water and wastewater professionals as well for students and researchers in civil engineering, environmental engineering and process engineering fields.
Author: Satinder Kaur Brar Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323854222 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 372
Book Description
Modular Treatment Approach for Drinking Water and Wastewater is a comprehensive resource that explores the latest studies and techniques in the field of treating water. It offers a new approach to tackling the demand for a high-quality, economic and green water treatment system and providing clean water globally. This book focuses on a modular strategy, which allows for a customized retrofit solution to the constantly changing parameters that are dependent on current demand and requirements. It summarizes the principles of modular design, as well as current developments and perspectives. Beginning with an introduction to sustainable and integrated water management, the book then delves into topics such as the use of modular systems for the removal of organic micropollutants; adsorbent-based reactors for modular wastewater treatment; filtration systems in modular drinking water treatment systems; and the use of solar energy in modular drinking water treatment. The book closes with a chapter on life cycle assessment for drinking water supply and treatment systems. Modular Treatment Approach for Drinking Water and Wastewater provides a detailed overview of wastewater and drinking water treatment and is a must-have for researchers, students and professors working in these areas. Presents the whole lifecycle of a modular treatment approach Includes global case studies, detailing the methods needed and the results possible for these treatment approaches Provides flow charts and diagrams, giving the reader a step-by-step guide to implementing these techniques in their work Explores futuristic approaches and changes in the wastewater treatment
Author: Jiri Hrubec Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3540680896 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 287
Book Description
Drinking water quality is a vast and complex subject. In addition to the topics already addressed in Volume 5, part B of this Handbook in 1995, this new volume discusses in an authoritative way the current key issues of drinking water quality and its control: - Toxicity tests for assessing drinking water quality - Toxicological approaches for developing drinking water standards - Analysis of organic micropollutants - Algal toxins and human health - Quality changes due to application of ozone and chlorine dioxide. The articles are written by leading experts and present the state of the art of drinking water research. This volume will therefore be a valuable source not only for scientists and engineers, but also for decision-makers in government, environmental control and industry.
Author: Thomas Ternes Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1843390930 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 475
Book Description
The observed concentrations of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in raw wastewater confirm that municipal wastewater represents the main disposal pathway for the PPCPs consumed in households, hospitals and industry. In sewage treatment plant effluents most PPCPs are still present, since many of these polar and persistent compounds are being removed only partially or, in some cases, not at all. Treated wastewater therefore represents an important point source for PPCPs into the environment. After passing a sewage treatment plant the treated wastewater is mostly discharged into rivers and streams or sometimes used to irrigate fields. If drinking water is produced using resources containing a substantial proportion of treated wastewater (e.g. from river water downstream of communities) the water cycle is closed and indirect potable reuse occurs. Human Pharmaceuticals, Hormones and Fragrances provides an overview of the occurrence, analytics, removal and environmental risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater, surface water and drinking water. The book covers all aspects of the fate and removal of PPCPs in the whole water cycle: consumption and occurrence, analytical methods, the legal background, environmental risk assessment, human and animal toxicology, source control options, wastewater and drinking water treatment as well as indirect reuse. The book presents a summary of the results obtained during the EU project "Poseidon", combined with further expert knowledge on the field, and is written at a level appropriate for professionals involved in management of water resource quality. Professionals in the field including decision makers, engineers and scientists, as well as students entering the field, will find this an invaluable source of information. First comprehensive study on the assessment, fate and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater and drinking water treatment. Emphasises the importance of micropollutants in the water cycle, provides methods for quantifying their fate and technologies for their removal.
Author: Robina Farooq Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 953513129X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
The book on Physico-Chemical Treatment of Wastewater and Resource Recovery provides an efficient and low-cost solution for remediation of wastewater. This book focuses on physico-chemical treatment via advanced oxidation process, adsorption, its management and recovery of valuable chemicals. It discusses treatment and recovery process for the range of pollutants including BTX, PCB, PCDDs, proteins, phenols, antibiotics, complex organic compounds and metals. The occurrence of persistent pollutants poses deleterious effects on human and environmental health. Simple solutions for recovery of valuable chemicals and water during physico-chemical treatment of wastewater are discussed extensively. This book provides necessary knowledge and experimental studies on emerging physico-chemical processes for reducing water pollution and resource recovery.
Author: Rangesh Srinivasan
Author: Rangesh Srinivasan
Author: Jurate Virkutyte
Author: Ralph Stone and Company
Author: Satinder Kaur Brar
Author: Jiri Hrubec
Author: Thomas Ternes
Author: Ralph Stone
Author: Robert M. Clark
Author: Jiri Hrubec
Author: Robina Farooq