Treatment Effects of the Bimler Functional Appliance on Class II Division 2 Malocclusion PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Treatment Effects of the Bimler Functional Appliance on Class II Division 2 Malocclusion PDF full book. Access full book title Treatment Effects of the Bimler Functional Appliance on Class II Division 2 Malocclusion by . Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 61
Book Description
Correction of Class II malocclusion has led clinicians to look at many factors when considering appliance design and its effect on the maxilla, mandible and respective dentoalveolar complex. When considering the armamentarium of orthopedic functional appliances most studies are in agreement concerning their effects on the facial structures while a few are in contradiction. Only few clinicians have utilized functional appliances to successfully correct Class II division 2 malocclusion. The aim of this investigation was thus to provide information on the treatment effects of the Bimler Type B functional appliance on correcting Class II division 2 malocclusions and, specifically, if the resultant treatment effects are different than the effects observed using functional appliances to correct Class II division 1 malocclusions. The sample in this study consisted of twenty-six (26) Class II division 2 patients (9 males, 17 females) treated with the Bimler Type B functional appliance at the practice of Dr. Hans Peter Bimler in Weisbaden, Germany. The records were graciously donated to the orthodontic department at the State University of New York at Buffalo by the daughter of the late Dr. Bimler. For each of the 26 subjects, two lateral cephalograms, one at the time of appliance delivery (T1) and a second at least two years after initiation of treatment (T2) were analyzed using a custom analysis with the following linear and angular measurements: A-NaPerp, Co-A, Co-Gn, Ar-Gn, Pg-NaPerp, ANS-Me, Op-Sn, FMA, U1-SN, IMPA, Wits, OJ, L1-APo. It was determined following statistical analysis and comparison to an untreated control group that the Bimler Type B functional appliance, used specifically for correction of Class II division 2 malocclusions, proclines maxillary incisors (U1-SN) (p>0.05), an effect not seen when using functional appliances for Class II division 1 correction, and potentially inhibits maxillary forward growth (Co-A). However, the results of this study indicate that the appliance does not significantly increase mandibular length (Co-Gn) relative to normal growth, or procline mandibular incisors; the antithesis of the effects seen when treating Class II division 1 malocclusions with functional appliances. Due to the relatively small sample size of this study the true effects of the Bimler functional appliance cannot be fully appreciated. Only with an investigation utilizing a larger sample size, a Class II control population, and a means to measure change in maxillary and mandibular molar sagittal position can one evaluate the true effects of the Bimler Type B appliance in correcting Class II division 2 malocclusions and how these effects differ from those observed when correcting Class II division 1 malocclusions using functional appliances.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 61
Book Description
Correction of Class II malocclusion has led clinicians to look at many factors when considering appliance design and its effect on the maxilla, mandible and respective dentoalveolar complex. When considering the armamentarium of orthopedic functional appliances most studies are in agreement concerning their effects on the facial structures while a few are in contradiction. Only few clinicians have utilized functional appliances to successfully correct Class II division 2 malocclusion. The aim of this investigation was thus to provide information on the treatment effects of the Bimler Type B functional appliance on correcting Class II division 2 malocclusions and, specifically, if the resultant treatment effects are different than the effects observed using functional appliances to correct Class II division 1 malocclusions. The sample in this study consisted of twenty-six (26) Class II division 2 patients (9 males, 17 females) treated with the Bimler Type B functional appliance at the practice of Dr. Hans Peter Bimler in Weisbaden, Germany. The records were graciously donated to the orthodontic department at the State University of New York at Buffalo by the daughter of the late Dr. Bimler. For each of the 26 subjects, two lateral cephalograms, one at the time of appliance delivery (T1) and a second at least two years after initiation of treatment (T2) were analyzed using a custom analysis with the following linear and angular measurements: A-NaPerp, Co-A, Co-Gn, Ar-Gn, Pg-NaPerp, ANS-Me, Op-Sn, FMA, U1-SN, IMPA, Wits, OJ, L1-APo. It was determined following statistical analysis and comparison to an untreated control group that the Bimler Type B functional appliance, used specifically for correction of Class II division 2 malocclusions, proclines maxillary incisors (U1-SN) (p>0.05), an effect not seen when using functional appliances for Class II division 1 correction, and potentially inhibits maxillary forward growth (Co-A). However, the results of this study indicate that the appliance does not significantly increase mandibular length (Co-Gn) relative to normal growth, or procline mandibular incisors; the antithesis of the effects seen when treating Class II division 1 malocclusions with functional appliances. Due to the relatively small sample size of this study the true effects of the Bimler functional appliance cannot be fully appreciated. Only with an investigation utilizing a larger sample size, a Class II control population, and a means to measure change in maxillary and mandibular molar sagittal position can one evaluate the true effects of the Bimler Type B appliance in correcting Class II division 2 malocclusions and how these effects differ from those observed when correcting Class II division 1 malocclusions using functional appliances.
Author: Babak Yousefi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 59
Book Description
The effect of the Bimler appliance on the treatment of Class II division I malocclusion is largely unknown, as few if any, independent studies have evaluated the effect of this specific appliance on Class II division I patients. The objective of the present study was to determine the clinical, and skeletal effects of the Bimler functional appliance when it is used to treat Class II division I malocclusions. The data for the present study were obtained from the records of patients treated by Dr Bimler in his private practice which is located in Wiesbaden in Germany. All of the class II division I cases used in the present study were selected randomly from the records compiled by Dr Bimler himself. The Cases were selected until a sufficient number (n=30) of records were collected. The records were selected to represent both sexes (14 males, and 16 females). Cephalometric measurements were made on radiographs taken at the commencement of treatment (T1) and as well as at the completion of treatment (T2). Nine linear and seven angular measurements were evaluated in this study. The average age of all of the patients was nine years and eight months, with the males being approximately two and one half months older than females when treatment was started. Treatment duration was approximately two and one half years for all of patients with the treatment for the male's lasting several weeks longer than the treatment for the females. This difference was not statistically significant (P=0.05). Each mean change was tested using a paired Student's t-test where the null hypothesis was that no change took place in each parameter from T1 to T2. In addition a test was done to determine if the amount of change that occurred was statistically different between the males and the females. Statistically significant changes associated with the Bimler treatment were observed for ten of the 16 measurements recorded. These measurements included the angle ANB, U1-L1 and U1-SN, the linear measurements Co-A, Co-Gn, Ar-Gn, ANS-Me, Wits, L1-Apo and Overjet. In no determination was there a statistically significant difference (ps0.05) between the males and the females. In this study it was concluded that: The clinical overjet was decreased by the increased forward growth of the mandible and by dentoalveolar changes. The Bimler appliance appears to have mainly skeletal effects with a few smaller, but significant, dentoalveolar effects. The appliance had little or no effect on the maxillary skeletal structures.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 64
Book Description
The Bimler appliance is one of many functional appliances developed during the evolution of functional orthodontics and is still used to treat patients today. Dr. Bimler was a firm believer that functional appliances should treat the patient to their individual limits of adaptability, and treating beyond this adaptability was an invitation for future relapse. The goal of this study was to evaluate cephalometric changes observed in Class II division 1 patients who received long-term therapy utilizing the Bimler appliance. Twenty-five patients (15 females and 10 males) for inclusion in this study were drawn from records donated to the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine from the practice of the late HP Bimler in Wiesbaden, Germany. All patients showed Class II division 1 malocclusions at the start of treatment, were treated solely using the Bimler appliance for an extended treatment period, and had initial, progress, and final cephalometric radiographs available. Each radiograph was digitized and traced by a single operator utilizing the Dolphin Imaging System, and a cephalometric analysis was completed. From the results, it would appear that saggital correction in Class II division 1 cases was achieved mainly via dental changes, with only a minor contribution by changes in skeletal relationships. Treatment effects of the Bimler appliance showed statistically significant changes from baseline (P0.05) for all measures except FMA, interincisal angle, and Wits. The decrease in overjet was achieved both by a significant uprighting of the maxillary incisors ( -6.04) and flaring (proclination) of the lower incisors (4.956) over the entire treatment period. Significantly larger effects were seen during the initial treatment period (T1-T2) compared to the later treatment period (T2-T3) for ANB, ANS-Me, U1-SN, and L1-MP (p0.05). These measures accounted for most of the treatment effect of the appliance that could not be attributed to normal growth alone. Results from this study suggests that clinicians who utilize the Bimler appliance to treat Class II division 1 cases should expect to see a majority of the correction during the first 24 months of treatment, and should expect diminished treatment effects should the therapy continue significantly beyond that point.
Author: Mhd Hazem Makhsida Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 60
Book Description
The effect of the Bimler functional appliance on the treatment of Class III malocclusion is unknown as no previous study has evaluated the effect of this appliance on Class III patients. Indeed, there are very few, if any, studies that have reported the effect of the functional appliances on Class III malocclusions. It was thus the goal of this study to investigate the changes that results from the treatment of Class III patients with the type C Bimler appliance. Materials and methods. Thirty patients with Class III malocclusion (12 males and 18 females) were included in this study. The mean age of the subjects was nine years and eight months at the beginning of the treatment. These patients were treated by Bimler with his type C functional appliance. The mean treatment period was two years and three months. The lateral cephalometric radiographs used in this study were analyzed at the start of treatment (T1) and at the end of the treatment (T2). Eight linear and six angular measurements were made to evaluate the changes achieved by the Bimler type C functional appliance. The Student's and paired t-test were used to analyze the data collected in this study. Results. For no measurement was there a statistically significant difference (p=0.05) between the males and the females. As a result, the separating by gender was abandoned, and the male and female treatment groups were combined to provide 30 subjects. The most significant changes observed were three angular measurements (ANB, Upper incisor to SN, IMPA) and seven linear measurements (Co-A, Co-Gn, Pg-Na perpendicular, ANS-Me, Wits, Overjet, Lower incisor to APo) (p
Author: Eva-Maria Moll Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 69
Book Description
AbstractIntroduction: Class II malocclusions represent one of the most prevalent forms of malocclusion encountered in routine orthodontic practice. In order to correct a Class II malocclusion, miscellaneous orthopedic functional appliances with a broad spectrum of diverse appliance designs have been continuously developed. While the Twin Block is known as one of the best researched functional appliances, only few studies have evaluated the treatment efficacy of the Mandibular Anterior Repositioning Appliance (MARA) since its development in 1991. Thus, the purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate and compare the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of the Twin-block and the Mandibular Anterior Repositioning Appliance (MARA) in the treatment of adolescent patients with Class II malocclusions compared to controls. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study was carried out on three samples: a Twin Block sample, a MARA sample, and a control sample.^The study was based on the evaluation of the lateral cephalometric radiographs of a total of 96 cases at T1 (pre-functional treatment), as well as at T2 (post-functional treatment/ equivalent timeframe in controls). The Twin Block sample with 37 cases represented the largest sample, consisting of 24 females and 13 males. It was treated by the inventor Dr. Clark in his private practice in Fife, Scotland, UK. The average age for the Twin Block group at T1 is 11 years of age. The MARA group consisted of a total of 34 cases: 16 females and 18 males. The average age of the MARA sample at T1 was consistent with the Twin Block sample (11 years of age). The MARA sample was respectively treated by its inventor Dr. Toll, Bad Soden, Germany. The control group was based on 25 cases (12 female and 13 male) obtained from the Michigan growth study. The untreated control group was matched to the MARA sample.^Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken at the beginning of treatment (T1) and post-functional treatment (T2). Cephalometric changes were evaluated using the Clark analysis including 27 measurements. The MARA, and the control sample were evaluated by an independent commercial company, Rocky Mountain Data Systems, using Joe Ceph by Rocky Mountain Orthodontics. The Twin-Block sample was analyzed by Dr. Clark using Quick CephTM. Results: The results showed that sagittal correction of Class II appeared to be mainly achieved by dental changes, being accompanied by skeletal adaptation. A positive influence of the position of point Pogonion could be achieved in both groups resulting in a considerable decrease of the facial convexity. Skeletal alterations that contributed to skeletal adapations mainly took place in the mandibular ramus, while these changes were significant different form the controls.^No significant alteration of the mandibular plane angle could be determined in all three groups. The current study showed a lower incisors flaring of 5. 47 degree with the MARA appliance and 2. 11 degree with the Twin Block. The effects on the upper incisors varied between the two functional appliances. Slight protrusion of the upper incisors took place with the MARA (+5. 06 degree) and a significant retroclination occurred with the Twin Block ( -12. 42 degree). Accordingly, the interincisal angle decreased in the Twin Block sample and increased on the other hand with the MARA. No significant change of the incisor position of the controls was present. Incisor overjet decreased of about 7. 03 mm in the Twin Block group and 2. 46 mm in the MARA sample. Incisor overbite decreased about 1. 34 mm with the Twin Block and 2. 92 mm with the MARA. Molar relation was corrected in both functional groups resulting in a Class I relation, while no change appeared in the control sample.^While a slight distalizing effect on the upper first molars could be seen in the Twin Block sample ( -0. 06 mm), no such effect could be determined for the MARA appliance (+0. 96 mm). Conclusion: Both appliances resulted in a Class I relationship. Skeletal changes were very similar in both appliances. Overall the Twin Block seemed to be slightly superior to the MARA appliance. Key words: Fixed functional appliance; Twin Block; MARA; Class II malocclusion; Clark analysis.
Author: Thikriat Al-Jewair Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 81
Book Description
Objectives: To determine the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects produced by the MARA functional appliance in the treatment of growing patients with Class II malocclusions. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using lateral cephalograms of patients consecutively treated with the MARA appliance (n=40) during their skeletal growth spurt as evaluated by the improved cervical vertebral maturation method recommended by Baccetti et al. A comparison was made with 24 untreated Class II control subjects obtained from the University of Michigan growth study and matched with the experimental groups for skeletal age, sex and craniofacial morphology. Cephalograms were taken at three time points: [T1] pre-treatment; [T2] post-functional appliance treatment; and [T3] fixed orthodontic treatment completion. Treatment changes were evaluated between the time points using 35 variables. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests. Results: At the post-functional appliances' phase (T1-T2), the MARA appliance showed significant increases in the total mandibular length, ramus height and anterior/posterior facial heights. These effects continued during the fixed orthodontic treatment stage (T2-T3). The net changes (T1-T3) revealed significant mandibular growth enhancement with the MARA appliance (+2. 7mm) in comparison to untreated controls. The appliance also caused 5. 2o of flaring in the mandibular incisors, as well as significant decreases in overjet, overbite and inter-incisal angle. Conclusion: Overall, the MARA appliance showed significant skeletal and dentoalveolar changes resulting in normalization of the Class II malocclusion.
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Babak Yousefi
Author: 
Author: Mhd Hazem Makhsida
Author: David C. Freeman
Author: Madhur Upadhyay
Author: Rano Burton
Author: Eva-Maria Moll
Author: Thikriat Al-Jewair
Author: