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Author: Yichen Lu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 229
Book Description
The advancement of neuroscience research often requires recording of complex neural activities at high spatiotemporal resolution. Electrophysiology, being the backbone of neuroscience for decades, has the advantage of high temporal resolution, yet lacks the high spatial resolution of fluorescent imaging at single cell level. On the other hand, fluorescent imaging suffers from low temporal resolution due to the slow kinetics of the indicators. Recently, optogenetics revolutionized the capacity to control selective neural populations and provides researchers with unprecedented opportunities to investigate the causal relationships among different brain circuits. However, the traditional neural electrode arrays based on silicon and noble metals are opaque and hence not suitable to integrate electrophysiology and optical modalities. This dissertation presents a novel transparent microelectrode array based on graphene that demonstrates crosstalk-free integration of electrophysiology, calcium imaging, and optogenetics in in vivo experiments on mice models. Chapter 1 reviews the recent progress in the field of graphene-based neurotechnology. Graphene is widely used for microelectrode, field effect transistor, chemical sensing, and cell culture owing to its flexibility, transparency, high conductivity, low noise, and biocompatibility. Chapter 2 presents a novel transparent graphene microelectrode array designed for multimodal neural interfaces. The fabrication process was designed to avoid crack formation and organic residue, which is essential to eliminate light-induced artifacts. In vivo experiments were conducted to demonstrate a crosstalk-free integration of electrophysiology, optical imaging, and optogenetics for the first time. Chapter 3 demonstrates that electrochemical impedance of graphene is fundamentally limited by the quantum capacitance. And to overcome such limit, we created an alternative conduction path with electrochemically deposited platinum nanoparticles and reduced the impedance by 100-fold while maintaining high transparency. Chapter 4 presents a flexible implantable transparent microelectrode array that enables simultaneous electrical recordings from hippocampus during optical imaging of neural activity across large areas. Our neural probe has three advantages, flexibility, transparency, and shuttle-free implantation. We demonstrated seamless integration of simultaneous wide-field fluorescence imaging of the cortex with electrical recordings from the hippocampus. Chapter 5 is the conclusion of this dissertation. The outlook and roadmap of graphene-based neurotechnology for both neuroscience research and medical applications are discussed.
Author: Yichen Lu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 229
Book Description
The advancement of neuroscience research often requires recording of complex neural activities at high spatiotemporal resolution. Electrophysiology, being the backbone of neuroscience for decades, has the advantage of high temporal resolution, yet lacks the high spatial resolution of fluorescent imaging at single cell level. On the other hand, fluorescent imaging suffers from low temporal resolution due to the slow kinetics of the indicators. Recently, optogenetics revolutionized the capacity to control selective neural populations and provides researchers with unprecedented opportunities to investigate the causal relationships among different brain circuits. However, the traditional neural electrode arrays based on silicon and noble metals are opaque and hence not suitable to integrate electrophysiology and optical modalities. This dissertation presents a novel transparent microelectrode array based on graphene that demonstrates crosstalk-free integration of electrophysiology, calcium imaging, and optogenetics in in vivo experiments on mice models. Chapter 1 reviews the recent progress in the field of graphene-based neurotechnology. Graphene is widely used for microelectrode, field effect transistor, chemical sensing, and cell culture owing to its flexibility, transparency, high conductivity, low noise, and biocompatibility. Chapter 2 presents a novel transparent graphene microelectrode array designed for multimodal neural interfaces. The fabrication process was designed to avoid crack formation and organic residue, which is essential to eliminate light-induced artifacts. In vivo experiments were conducted to demonstrate a crosstalk-free integration of electrophysiology, optical imaging, and optogenetics for the first time. Chapter 3 demonstrates that electrochemical impedance of graphene is fundamentally limited by the quantum capacitance. And to overcome such limit, we created an alternative conduction path with electrochemically deposited platinum nanoparticles and reduced the impedance by 100-fold while maintaining high transparency. Chapter 4 presents a flexible implantable transparent microelectrode array that enables simultaneous electrical recordings from hippocampus during optical imaging of neural activity across large areas. Our neural probe has three advantages, flexibility, transparency, and shuttle-free implantation. We demonstrated seamless integration of simultaneous wide-field fluorescence imaging of the cortex with electrical recordings from the hippocampus. Chapter 5 is the conclusion of this dissertation. The outlook and roadmap of graphene-based neurotechnology for both neuroscience research and medical applications are discussed.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 138
Book Description
Neural interfaces have great promise for both electrophysiological research and therapeutic applications. Whether for the study of neural circuitry or for neural prosthetic or other therapeutic applications, micro-electrocorticography (micro-ECoG) arrays have proven extremely useful as neural interfacing devices. These devices strike a balance between invasiveness and signal resolution, an important step towards eventual human application. The objective of this research was to make design improvements to micro-ECoG devices to enhance both biocompatibility and device functionality. To best evaluate the effectiveness of these improvements, a cranial window imaging method for in vivo monitoring of the longitudinal tissue response post device implant was developed. Employment of this method provided valuable insight into the way tissue grows around micro-ECoG arrays after epidural implantation, spurring a study of the effects of substrate geometry on the meningeal tissue response. The results of the substrate footprint comparison suggest that a more open substrate geometry provides an easy path for the tissue to grow around to the top side of the device, whereas a solid device substrate encourages the tissue to thicken beneath the device, between the electrode sites and the brain. The formation of thick scar tissue between the recording electrode sites and the neural tissue is disadvantageous for long-term recorded signal quality, and thus future micro-ECoG device designs should incorporate open-architecture substrates for enhanced longitudinal in vivo function. In addition to investigating improvements for long-term device reliability, it was also desired to enhance the functionality of micro-ECoG devices for neural electrophysiology research applications. To achieve this goal, a completely transparent graphene-based device was fabricated for use with the cranial window imaging method and optogenetic techniques. The use of graphene as the conductive material provided the transparency necessary to image tissues directly below the micro-ECoG electrode sites, and to transmit light through the electrode sites to underlying neural tissue, for optical stimulation of neural cells. The flexibility and broad-spectrum transparency of graphene make it an ideal choice for thin-film, flexible electronic devices.
Author: Nitish V. Thakor Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811655405 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 3686
Book Description
This Handbook serves as an authoritative reference book in the field of Neuroengineering. Neuroengineering is a very exciting field that is rapidly getting established as core subject matter for research and education. The Neuroengineering field has also produced an impressive array of industry products and clinical applications. It also serves as a reference book for graduate students, research scholars and teachers. Selected sections or a compendium of chapters may be used as “reference book” for a one or two semester graduate course in Biomedical Engineering. Some academicians will construct a “textbook” out of selected sections or chapters. The Handbook is also meant as a state-of-the-art volume for researchers. Due to its comprehensive coverage, researchers in one field covered by a certain section of the Handbook would find other sections valuable sources of cross-reference for information and fertilization of interdisciplinary ideas. Industry researchers as well as clinicians using neurotechnologies will find the Handbook a single source for foundation and state-of-the-art applications in the field of Neuroengineering. Regulatory agencies, entrepreneurs, investors and legal experts can use the Handbook as a reference for their professional work as well.
Author: Dong-Wook Park Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
Graphene, a novel material made of carbon atoms, has broad wavelength transparency from ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR). In addition, the electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and biocompatibility of graphene make it a promising material for next-generation biomedical devices and biosensors. Among various applications of graphene, transparent graphene neural electrodes and graphene field-effect transistors have been studied. A transparent, flexible, and implantable graphene neural electrode array (or simply graphene brain sensor) that is capable of advanced in vivo neural imaging, electrophysiological recordings, optogenetics, and electrical stimulation has been demonstrated. Previous in vivo studies with conventional metal-based electrodes were limited to monitoring the tissue surrounding the electrode sites due to the opaqueness of the metal. Optical stimuli through the electrode sites and traces were also impossible with metal electrodes. The transparent graphene brain sensor implanted over the cerebral cortex in laboratory rodents allowed for chronic investigation of the underlying neural tissue while simultaneously performing electrophysiology. In vivo imaging of the cortical vasculature through the transparent brain sensor has been shown via fluorescence microscopy and 3D optical coherence tomography. Optogenetic activation of focal cortical areas directly beneath the electrode sites has been demonstrated in transgenic Thy1::ChR2 mice. In order to understand the working mechanism of the graphene electrodes and to expand their utility, the electrochemical impedance of the graphene electrode arrays and their demonstration to the electrical stimulation in GCaMP6 mice have been studied. In addition, graphene field-effect transistors (FETs) with a bottom-gate structure either on a rigid or flexible substrate (Parylene C) have been demonstrated. First, for the purpose of minimizing process-induced mobility degradation of graphene, graphene radio frequency (RF) transistors with buried bottom gates have been fabricated and characterized. Second, the fabrication, characterization, and performance improvement of flexible bottom-gate graphene transistors on Parylene C have been discussed. For all of the graphene FETs introduced here, the graphene transferred on top of the devices could be used as a bio sensing material. This study demonstrates an array of abilities of graphene neural electrodes and graphene FETs.
Author: Liang Guo Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030418545 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 436
Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive reference to major neural interfacing technologies used to transmit signals between the physical world and the nervous system for repairing, restoring and even augmenting body functions. The authors discuss the classic approaches for neural interfacing, the major challenges encountered, and recent, emerging techniques to mitigate these challenges for better chronic performances. Readers will benefit from this book’s unprecedented scope and depth of coverage on the technology of neural interfaces, the most critical component in any type of neural prostheses. Provides comprehensive coverage of major neural interfacing technologies; Reviews and discusses both classic and latest, emerging topics; Includes classification of technologies to provide an easy grasp of research and trends in the field.
Author: Nicholas Paul Holmes Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 1071630687 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 489
Book Description
This volume provides methods on the study of the systems of the brain. Chapters are divided into four parts covering; discriminative touch, proprioception and kinaesthesis, affective touch, individual differences due to atypical development, ageing, illusions and sensory substitution, microneurography, electrophysiology, brain imaging, and brain stimulation. In Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your research center and clinical investigation. Thorough and comprehensive, Somatosensory Research Methods aims to be comprehensive guide for researchers.
Author: Ashutosh Tiwari Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128133503 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 390
Book Description
Graphene Bioelectronics covers the expending field of graphene biomaterials, a wide span of biotechnological breakthroughs, opportunities, possibilities and challenges. It is the first book that focuses entirely on graphene bioelectronics, covering the miniaturization of bioelectrode materials, bioelectrode interfaces, high-throughput biosensing platforms, and systemic approaches for the development of electrochemical biosensors and bioelectronics for biomedical and energy applications. The book also showcases key applications, including advanced security, forensics and environmental monitoring. Thus, the evolution of these scientific areas demands innovations in crosscutting disciplines, starting from fabrication to application. This book is an important reference resource for researchers and technologists in graphene bioelectronics—particularly those working in the area of harvest energy biotechnology—employing state-of-the-art bioelectrode materials techniques. - Offers a comprehensive overview of state-of-art research on graphene bioelectronics and their potential applications - Provides innovative fabrication strategies and utilization methodologies, which are frequently adopted in the graphene bioelectronics community - Shows how graphene can be used to make more effective energy harvesting devices
Author: Prasanna Chandrasekhar Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319693786 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 815
Book Description
The second edition of this popular textbook thoroughly covers the practical basics and applications of conducting polymers. It also addresses materials that have gained prominence since the first edition of this book was published, namely carbon nanotubes and graphene. The features of this new edition include: New and updated chapters on novel concepts in conducting polymers Details on interdisciplinary applications of conducting polymers An in depth description of classes of conducting polymers
Author: Yichen Lu
Author: Yichen Lu
Author: 
Author: Nitish V. Thakor
Author: Dong-Wook Park
Author: Liang Guo
Author: Davide Ricci
Author: Nicholas Paul Holmes
Author: Ashutosh Tiwari
Author: Prasanna Chandrasekhar
Author: Enrica Boda