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Author: United Nations Industrial Development Organization Publisher: Cabi ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 232
Book Description
Considerations of this nature have often overshadowed the benefits these countries might derive from the application of genetic engineering.
Author: United Nations Industrial Development Organization Publisher: Cabi ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 232
Book Description
Considerations of this nature have often overshadowed the benefits these countries might derive from the application of genetic engineering.
Author: OECD Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 9264253424 Category : Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
This series represents a compilation of the biosafety consensus documents developed by the OECD Working Group on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology over the periods 2011-12 (Volume 5) and 2013-15 (Volume 6).
Author: Ismail Serageldin Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 228
Book Description
This forum is associated with the Fifth Annual World Bank Conference on Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development, held at the Bank, October 9-10, 1997. How to maximize the potential of biotechnology while minimizing risk is a critical issue facing scientists and policymakers and was the topic of the conference. The special focus of the debate was on how the promises of biotechnology can be realized for the benefit of the world's poor, the environment, and the safe management of biotechnology products and processes. This publication summarizes the wide-ranging, stimulating, and provocative presentations and discussions that took place during the meeting.
Author: Ruth Mackenzie Publisher: IUCN ISBN: 2831706718 Category : Biodiversity conservation Languages : en Pages : 315
Book Description
This guide has been prepared by the IUCN Environmental Law Programme and the Foundation for International Environmental Law and Development (FIELD), in cooperation with the World Resources Institute (WRI). The main goal of the guide is to facilitate the understanding of the obligations of Parties to the Protocol, by providing an information base on the content and origin of the Protocol provisions, accessible to the non-specialist and useful for those who will be involved in the development and implementation of national safety frameworks.
Author: Roger Hull Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0080920764 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 270
Book Description
A transgenic organism is a plant, animal, bacterium, or other living organism that has had a foreign gene added to it by means of genetic engineering. Transgenic plants can arise by natural movement of genes between species, by cross-pollination based hybridization between different plant species (which is a common event in flowering plant evolution), or by laboratory manipulations by artificial insertion of genes from another species. Methods used in traditional breeding that generate transgenic plants by non-recombinant methods are widely familiar to professional plant scientists, and serve important roles in securing a sustainable future for agriculture by protecting crops from pest and helping land and water to be used more efficiently.There is worldwide interest in the biosafety issues related to transgenic crops because of issues such as increased pesticide use, increased crop and weed resistance to pesticides, gene flow to related plant species, negative effects on nontarget organisms, and reduced crop and ecosystem diversity. This book is intended to provide the basic information for a wide range of people involved in the release of transgenic crops. These will include scientists and researchers in the initial stage of developing transgenic products, industrialists, and decision makers. It will be of particular interest to plant scientists taking up biotechnological approaches to agricultural improvement for developing nations. - Discusses traditional and future technology for genetic modification - Compares conventional non-GM approaches and genetic modification - Presents a risk assessment methodology for GM techniques - Details mitigation techniques for human and environmental effects
Author: Erwin R. Schmidt Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642614604 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 339
Book Description
Gene/biotechnology and the broad use of genetically modified organisms is rapidly developing into a commercial enterprise. In spite of the pace of scientific progress in this field, a partly emotional debate is still being carried on by the general public and on the part of the consumer about the potential risks linked to this new technology. Especially when genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are tested in the open field, the question of "safety" is controversially discussed among different groups in society. Environmentalists are worried about unforeseeable dangers inherent in the release of a living organism, assuming that special risks are linked to organisms which have been modified by molecular biologists using tools developed in the laboratory. Frequently quoted potential hazards are the phenomena of "gene escape" and "genetic pollution", meaning the very interesting question of natural (horizontal) gene transfer. This phenomenon of horizontal gene transfer is in fact well known to scientists studying prokaryotes. Many prokaryotes are able to exchange DNA readily between individuals of different species or are even able to take up DNA from the extracellular environment by the process of genetic transformation, which has already been known for more than 65 years. For eukaryotes, however, the evidence of natural horizontal gene transfer is very limited.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309225752 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 216
Book Description
During July 10-13, 2011, 68 participants from 32 countries gathered in Istanbul, Turkey for a workshop organized by the United States National Research Council on Anticipating Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-containment Biological Laboratories. The United States Department of State's Biosecurity Engagement Program sponsored the workshop, which was held in partnership with the Turkish Academy of Sciences. The international workshop examined biosafety and biosecurity issues related to the design, construction, maintenance, and operation of high-containment biological laboratories- equivalent to United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention biological safety level 3 or 4 labs. Although these laboratories are needed to characterize highly dangerous human and animal pathogens, assist in disease surveillance, and produce vaccines, they are complex systems with inherent risks. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories summarizes the workshop discussion, which included the following topics: Technological options to meet diagnostic, research, and other goals; Laboratory construction and commissioning; Operational maintenance to provide sustainable capabilities, safety, and security; and Measures for encouraging a culture of responsible conduct. Workshop attendees described the history and current challenges they face in their individual laboratories. Speakers recounted steps they were taking to improve safety and security, from running training programs to implementing a variety of personnel reliability measures. Many also spoke about physical security, access controls, and monitoring pathogen inventories. Workshop participants also identified tensions in the field and suggested possible areas for action.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309437385 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 607
Book Description
Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Author: Padma Nambisan Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128092513 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 394
Book Description
An Introduction to Ethical, Safety and Intellectual Property Rights Issues in Biotechnology provides a comprehensive look at the biggest technologies that have revolutionized biology since the early 20th century, also discussing their impact on society. The book focuses on issues related to bioethics, biosafety and intellectual property rights, and is written in an easy-to-understand manner for graduate students and early career researchers interested in the opportunities and challenges associated with advances in biotechnology. Important topics covered include the Human Genome Project, human cloning, rDNA technology, the 3Rs and animal welfare, bioterrorism, human rights and genetic discrimination, good laboratory practices, good manufacturing practices, the protection of biological material and much more. Full of relevant case studies, practical examples, weblinks and resources for further reading, this book offers an essential and holistic look at the ways in which biotechnology has affected our global society. - Provides a comprehensive look at the ethical, legal and social implications of biotechnology - Discusses the global efforts made to resolve issues - Incorporates numerous case studies to more clearly convey concepts and chart the development of guidelines and legislation regulating issues in biotechnology - Takes a straightforward approach to highlight and discuss both the benefits and risks associated with the latest biotechnologies
Author: United Nations Industrial Development Organization
Author: United Nations Industrial Development Organization
Author: OECD
Author: Ismail Serageldin
Author: Ruth Mackenzie
Author: Roger Hull
Author: Erwin R. Schmidt
Author: OECD.
Author: National Research Council
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Padma Nambisan