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Author: Rajesh K. Gaur Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420008706 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 440
Book Description
New Findings Revolutionize Concepts of Gene FunctionEndogenous small RNAs have been found in various organisms, including humans, mice, flies, worms, fungi, and bacteria. Furthermore, it's been shown that microRNAs acting as cellular rheostats have the ability to modulate gene expression. In higher eukaryotes, microRNAs may regulate as much as 50 p
Author: Rajesh K. Gaur Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420008706 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 440
Book Description
New Findings Revolutionize Concepts of Gene FunctionEndogenous small RNAs have been found in various organisms, including humans, mice, flies, worms, fungi, and bacteria. Furthermore, it's been shown that microRNAs acting as cellular rheostats have the ability to modulate gene expression. In higher eukaryotes, microRNAs may regulate as much as 50 p
Author: Frans J. de Bruijn Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119004896 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1472
Book Description
Bacteria in various habitats are subject to continuously changing environmental conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, heat and cold stress, UV radiation, oxidative stress, dessication, acid stress, nitrosative stress, cell envelope stress, heavy metal exposure, osmotic stress, and others. In order to survive, they have to respond to these conditions by adapting their physiology through sometimes drastic changes in gene expression. In addition they may adapt by changing their morphology, forming biofilms, fruiting bodies or spores, filaments, Viable But Not Culturable (VBNC) cells or moving away from stress compounds via chemotaxis. Changes in gene expression constitute the main component of the bacterial response to stress and environmental changes, and involve a myriad of different mechanisms, including (alternative) sigma factors, bi- or tri-component regulatory systems, small non-coding RNA’s, chaperones, CHRIS-Cas systems, DNA repair, toxin-antitoxin systems, the stringent response, efflux pumps, alarmones, and modulation of the cell envelope or membranes, to name a few. Many regulatory elements are conserved in different bacteria; however there are endless variations on the theme and novel elements of gene regulation in bacteria inhabiting particular environments are constantly being discovered. Especially in (pathogenic) bacteria colonizing the human body a plethora of bacterial responses to innate stresses such as pH, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and antibiotic stress are being described. An attempt is made to not only cover model systems but give a broad overview of the stress-responsive regulatory systems in a variety of bacteria, including medically important bacteria, where elucidation of certain aspects of these systems could lead to treatment strategies of the pathogens. Many of the regulatory systems being uncovered are specific, but there is also considerable “cross-talk” between different circuits. Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria is a comprehensive two-volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in stress and environmental control of gene expression in bacteria. Volume One contains key overview chapters, as well as content on one/two/three component regulatory systems and stress responses, sigma factors and stress responses, small non-coding RNAs and stress responses, toxin-antitoxin systems and stress responses, stringent response to stress, responses to UV irradiation, SOS and double stranded systems repair systems and stress, adaptation to both oxidative and osmotic stress, and desiccation tolerance and drought stress. Volume Two covers heat shock responses, chaperonins and stress, cold shock responses, adaptation to acid stress, nitrosative stress, and envelope stress, as well as iron homeostasis, metal resistance, quorum sensing, chemotaxis and biofilm formation, and viable but not culturable (VBNC) cells. Covering the full breadth of current stress and environmental control of gene expression studies and expanding it towards future advances in the field, these two volumes are a one-stop reference for (non) medical molecular geneticists interested in gene regulation under stress.
Author: Zheng Zuo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 89
Book Description
Knowing the specificity of transcription factors is critical to understanding regulatory networks in cells. Using latest high-throughput sequencing technology, it becomes possible to quantify the transcription factor's specificity profile in a principled way, and therefore achieve both high accuracy and throughput, which we named Spec-seq. This method has been successfully applied to two distinct protein families, i.e., LacI family in prokaryotes and Glucocorticoid receptor in mammalian system. The lac repressor-operator system has been studied for many decades, but not with high throughput methods capable of determining specificity comprehensively. Details of its binding interaction and its selection of an asymmetric binding site have been controversial. So I employed Spec-seq to accurately determine relative binding affinities to thousands of sequences simultaneously, requiring only sequencing of bound and unbound fractions. An analysis of 2560 different DNA sequence variants, including both base changes and variations in operator length, provides a detailed view of lac repressor sequence specificity. It is found that the protein can bind with nearly equal affinities to operators of three different lengths, but the sequence preference changes depending on the length, demonstrating alternative modes of interaction between the protein and DNA. The wild type operator has an odd length causing the two monomers to bind in alternative modes, making the asymmetric operator the preferred binding site. However, two other LacI/GalR protein family members purR and Ycjw, cannot bind their operators with variable spacing. A further comparison with known and predicted motifs suggests that lac repressor may be unique in this ability. Therefore, I used site-directed mutagenesis approach to build series of lacI and purR mutants and tested their specificity profiles. It is discovered that the YQ recognition residues combined with the hinge helix loop in lac repressor are necessary and sufficient for this unique structural flexibility, even though it doesn't necessarily means alternative motif recognition. Besides its structural flexibility, I also used lac repressor as model system to investigate the specificity change under different salts concentrations and temperatures. Even though ionic strength is known to be able to modulate protein's binding affinity to its target, it shows limited impact on specificity, at least for lac repressor case. Moreover, we can successfully use Spec-seq to quantify the specificity change under different temperatures. Given lac repressor's detailed binding specificity and some other knowledge, it is possible to build a quantitative model to understand how it gets positioned onto the lac operator. In a simplified model, high specific binding energy, appropriate TF copy number, combined with DNA looping are sufficient to fulfill this job, and this could be generalized to other gene regulatory systems.
Author: Simon Baumberg Publisher: OUP Oxford ISBN: 0191565571 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 350
Book Description
Prokaryotic gene expression is not only of theoretical interest but also of highly practical significance. It has implications for other biological problems, such as developmental biology and cancer, brings insights into genetic engineering and expression systems, and has consequences for important aspects of applied research. For example, the molecular basis of bacterial pathogenicity has implications for new antibiotics and in crop development. Prokaryotic Gene Expression is a major review of the subject, providing up-to-date coverage as well as numerous insights by the prestigious authors. Topics covered include operons; protein recognition of sequence specific DNA- and RNA-binding sites; promoters; sigma factors, and variant tRNA polymerases; repressors and activators; post-transcriptional control and attenuation; ribonuclease activity, mRNA stability, and translational repression; prokaryotic DNA topology, topoisomerases, and gene expression; regulatory networks, regulatory cascades and signal transduction; phosphotransfer reactions; switch systems, transcriptional and translational modulation, methylation, and recombination mechanisms; pathogenicity, toxin regulation and virulence determinants; sporulation and genetic regulation of antibiotic production; origins of regulatory molecules, selective pressures and evolution of prokaryotic regulatory mechanisms systems. Over 1100 references to the primary literature are cited. Prokaryotic Gene Expression is a comprehensive and authoritative review of current knowledge and research in the area. It is essential reading for postgraduates and researchers in the field. Advanced undergraduates in biochemistry, molecular biology, and microbiology will also find this book useful.
Author: M. Madan Babu Publisher: Caister Academic Press Limited ISBN: 9781908230140 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Gene regulation at the transcriptional level is central to the process by which organisms convert the constant sensing of environmental changes and intracellular fluzes of metabolites to homeostatic responses. Along with the strategic guidance of M. Madan Babu authors from around the world have joined forces to review and discuss the latest research observations and current theories in this highly topical and important area of microbiology.--
Author: Society for General Microbiology. Symposium Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521813884 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 308
Author: Krishna C. Persaud Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439871728 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 237
Book Description
Many advances have been made in the last decade in the understanding of the computational principles underlying olfactory system functioning. Neuromorphic Olfaction is a collaboration among European researchers who, through NEUROCHEM (Fp7-Grant Agreement Number 216916)-a challenging and innovative European-funded project-introduce novel computing p
Author: Béatrice Clouet-d'Orval Publisher: Springer ISBN: 331965795X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 276
Book Description
This book focuses on the regulation of transcription and translation in Archaea and arising insights into the evolution of RNA processing pathways. From synthesis to degradation and the implications of gene expression, it presents the current state of knowledge on archaeal RNA biology in 13 chapters. Topics covered include the modification and maturation of RNAs, the function of small non-coding RNAs and the CRISPR-Cas defense system. While Archaea have long been considered exotic microbial extremophiles, they are now increasingly being recognized as important model microorganisms for the study of molecular mechanisms conserved across the three domains of life, and with regard to the relevance of similarities and differences to eukaryotes and bacteria. This unique book offers a valuable resource for all readers interested in the regulation of gene expression in Archaea and RNA metabolism in general.
Author: Rajesh K. Gaur
Author: Rajesh K. Gaur
Author: Frans J. de Bruijn
Author: 
Author: Zheng Zuo
Author: Simon Baumberg
Author: Jeffrey H. Miller
Author: M. Madan Babu
Author: Society for General Microbiology. Symposium
Author: Krishna C. Persaud
Author: Béatrice Clouet-d'Orval