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Author: Gary Hime Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400766211 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 370
Book Description
This volume describes the latest findings on transcriptional and translational regulation of stem cells. Both transcriptional activators and repressors have been shown to be crucial for the maintenance of the stem cell state. A key element of stem cell maintenance is repression of differentiation factors or developmental genes – achieved transcriptionally, epigenetically by the Polycomb complex, and post-transcriptionally by RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs. This volume takes two approaches to this topic – (1) illustrating the general principles outlined above through a series of different stem cell examples – embryonic, iPS and adult stem cells, and (2) describing several molecular families that have been shown to have roles in regulation of multiple stem cell populations.
Author: Gary Hime Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400766211 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 370
Book Description
This volume describes the latest findings on transcriptional and translational regulation of stem cells. Both transcriptional activators and repressors have been shown to be crucial for the maintenance of the stem cell state. A key element of stem cell maintenance is repression of differentiation factors or developmental genes – achieved transcriptionally, epigenetically by the Polycomb complex, and post-transcriptionally by RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs. This volume takes two approaches to this topic – (1) illustrating the general principles outlined above through a series of different stem cell examples – embryonic, iPS and adult stem cells, and (2) describing several molecular families that have been shown to have roles in regulation of multiple stem cell populations.
Author: Vinagolu K. Rajasekhar Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1603272275 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 590
Book Description
Stem cells appear to be fundamental cellular units associated with the origin of multicellular organisms and have evolved to function in safeguarding the cellular homeostasis in organ t- sues. The characteristics of stem cells that distinguish them from other cells have been the fascinating subjects of stem cell research. The important properties of stem cells, such as ma- tenance of quiescence, self-renewal capacity, and differentiation potential, have propelled this exciting ?eld and presently form a common theme of research in developmental biology and medicine. The derivation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells, the prospective identi?cation of multipotent adult stem cells, and, more recently, the induced pluripotent stem cells (popularly called iPS) are important milestones in the arena of stem cell biology. Complex networks of transcription factors, different signaling molecules, and the interaction of genetic and epi- netic events constantly modulate stem cell behavior to evoke programming and reprogramming processes in normal tissue homeostasis during development. In any given cellular scenario, the regulatory networks can pose considerable complexity and yet exert an orderly control of stem cell differentiation during normal development. An aberration in these ?nely tuned processes during development usually results in a spectrum of diseases such as cancers and neurological disorders. Thisunderscorestheimminentneedforamorecompleteunderstandingofmolecular mechanisms underlying the regulatory circuitries required for stem cell maintenance. Overthepast3–5years,adiversegroupofbenchandphysicianscientistshaveprospectively enhanced our knowledge of stem cell biology. These studies are unveiling many unrecognized or previously unknown fundamentals of developmental biology.
Author: Soroush Tahmasebi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Multi-cellular organisms generate functional and morphological diversity in their cells through spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression. Gene expression is regulated through multiple mechanisms at the levels of transcription, translation, and degradation. During my PhD studies, I examined transcription factor-induced somatic-to-induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming. For this, I adopted two different strategies that are based on transcriptional regulation by post-translational modification and translational control by the translational repressor 4E-BP. Specifically, in the project described in Chapter III, I studied the role of sumoylation in controlling the transcriptional activity of KLF4, KLF2, and KLF5 during reprogramming and adipocyte differentiation. I also explored the role of Ubc9, the sole SUMO-conjugating enzyme, in reprogramming and adipogenesis. These results and a comprehensive review of related studies, presented in Chapter I, have ...
Author: Ming Zhan Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers ISBN: 1608050254 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
"Computational biology in combination with large-scale biology has played a critical role in exploring the great potentials of embryonic stem cells, resulting in significant discoveries. This e-book brings together reviews and essays from different aspects"
Author: Publisher: ISBN: 9789462992894 Category : Languages : en Pages : 146
Book Description
Nearly all cells of an individual organism contain the same genome. However, each cell type transcribes a different set of genes due to the presence of different sets of cell type-specific transcription factors. Such transcription factors bind to regulatory regions such as promoters and enhancers and regulate their activity in gene transcription. Transcription factors interact with each other and form tissue-specific transcription factor networks. Identification of genome binding and gene regulation by transcription factors will enhance our understanding of how transcription factors specify cell types. Chapter 1 serves as a general introduction into eukaryotic transcription regulation and describes the role of enhancers and transcription factors. Chapters 2 - 4 describe the experimental work of this thesis. Chapter 2 describes Chromatin Immunoprecipitation followed by Mass Spectrometry (ChIP-MS), a technique used to identify transcription factors and other genome binding proteins that bind to promoters, enhancers or heterochromatin. Chapter 2 specifically describes the genome-binding pattern of transcription- and pluripotency factor Dppa2, which we identify by ChIP-MS and ChIP-seq to bind to promoters outside the classical pluripotency network. Chapter 3 describes a transcription factor interaction network of over 200 proteins in neural stem cells, which was assembled by the identification of interaction partners of four mental disorder-associated transcription factors. Chapter 4 describes work on the genome-wide localization of Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog in embryonic stem cells and investigates the genome localization of these transcription factors upon depletion of Oct4 or Sox2 from embryonic stem cells. The last chapter, Chapter 5, summarizes the results from Chapter 2-4 and provides additional discussion to these chapters, concerning its implications and future directions.
Author: Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128140852 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 318
Book Description
Stem Cell Epigenetics, Volume 16, examines how epigenetics are involved in stem cell differentiation, how a stem cell rapidly transitions into a molecularly distinct cell type, and how this process may be reversed or managed via epigenetic reprogramming. Topics discussed include chromatin in pluripotency, epigenetic regulation of reprogramming, stem cells and DNA methylation, histone modifications in stem cells and differentiation, higher-order chromatin conformation in pluripotent cells, epigenetics and disease modeling, organoids from pluripotent cells, transcriptional regulation in stem cells and differentiation, non-coding RNAs in pluripotency and early differentiation, and diseases caused by epigenetic alterations in stem cells. Additionally, the potential implementation of stem cell epigenetics in drug discovery, regenerative medicine, and disease treatment is discussed in detail, helping researchers and physicians bring this exciting and fast evolving field to the clinic. Provides genetic researchers, students and physicians with evidence indicating the epigenetic mechanisms involved in stem cell differentiation Highlights the specific characteristics of the epigenetic modifications and misregulations that may result in disease pathogenesis Examines the potential application of stem cell epigenetics towards developing therapeutic interventions for disease and advancing regenerative medicine Features chapter contributions by leading international experts
Author: Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128234342 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 488
Book Description
Muscle Stem Cells, Volume 158 in the Current Topics of Developmental Biology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics surrounding Muscle stem cell dysfunction in rhabdomyosarcoma and muscular dystrophy, Model systems used to study MuSC function, MuSCs in the growth and maintenance of muscle, Molecular regulation of myocyte fusion, A self-made quiescent niche of muscle stem cells, Characterization of the muscle regenerative environment, Role of microenvironment on muscle stem cell function in health, adaptation, and disease, Vascular Niche for Muscle Stem Cells, Regulation of muscle stem cell polarity in health and disease, and more. Additional chatpers cover Circadian timing of satellite cell function and muscle regeneration, Muscle stem cell activity is regulated by translational control of gene expression, Biomechanical stress in modulating MuSC function, Cross talk between cell types in regenerating muscle, Effects of the immune system on muscle regeneration, Effects of diabetes on MuSC function, and other timely topics. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series Updated release includes the latest information on the Muscle Stem Cells
Author: Kursad Turksen Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030328236 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 228
Book Description
Much research has focused on the basic cellular and molecular biological aspects of stem cells. Much of this research has been fueled by their potential for use in regenerative medicine applications, which has in turn spurred growing numbers of translational and clinical studies. However, more work is needed if the potential is to be realized for improvement of the lives and well-being of patients with numerous diseases and conditions. This book series 'Cell Biology and Translational Medicine (CBTMED)' as part of SpringerNature’s longstanding and very successful Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series, has the goal to accelerate advances by timely information exchange. Emerging areas of regenerative medicine and translational aspects of stem cells are covered in each volume. Outstanding researchers are recruited to highlight developments and remaining challenges in both the basic research and clinical arenas. This current book is the sixth volume of a continuing series.
Author: Gary Hime
Author: Gary Hime
Author: Vinagolu K. Rajasekhar
Author: Bruce Alberts
Author: Soroush Tahmasebi
Author: Ming Zhan
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Author: Daniel L. Kiss
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Author: 
Author: Kursad Turksen