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Author: Khalifa Ghali Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 16
Book Description
This paper argues that conventional tests of financial market integration may be misleading because they neglect to consider two important issues: (i) testing the existence of transaction costs and (ii) testing the existence of structural change. While the existence of transaction costs may inhibit the one-to-one correspondence between changes in real interest rates in different countries, it could also be misleading to assume the existence of such costs while they do not. Therefore, this paper's proposition is to test for the existence of transaction costs to motivate the inclusion of an intercept term in a cointegration equation of real interest rates. It is shown that this is possible using the Johansen (1994) procedure to test for the inclusion of deterministic components in the cointegration space. It is also noted that the empirical literature has neglected the problem of stability of financial markets and, hence, its consequences on financial integration tests. To solve these two issues, this paper proposes a model of financial market integration that allows for the existence of transaction costs and for the possibility of structural change. This alternative model generates much stronger support for interest parity than is found in the existing literature.
Author: Khalifa Ghali Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 16
Book Description
This paper argues that conventional tests of financial market integration may be misleading because they neglect to consider two important issues: (i) testing the existence of transaction costs and (ii) testing the existence of structural change. While the existence of transaction costs may inhibit the one-to-one correspondence between changes in real interest rates in different countries, it could also be misleading to assume the existence of such costs while they do not. Therefore, this paper's proposition is to test for the existence of transaction costs to motivate the inclusion of an intercept term in a cointegration equation of real interest rates. It is shown that this is possible using the Johansen (1994) procedure to test for the inclusion of deterministic components in the cointegration space. It is also noted that the empirical literature has neglected the problem of stability of financial markets and, hence, its consequences on financial integration tests. To solve these two issues, this paper proposes a model of financial market integration that allows for the existence of transaction costs and for the possibility of structural change. This alternative model generates much stronger support for interest parity than is found in the existing literature.
Author: Dilip K. Ghosh Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1349231614 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 352
Book Description
This edited collection examines the emerging issues arising from increasingly globalized financial markets. Topics covered include: the exchange of rate market, equilibrium and efficiency, inflation and interest rates, capital movements, the balance of payments and international reserves, foreign debt, country risk analysis, currency market arbitrage and speculative designs under market imperfection, international tax issues and trade liberalization and offshore banking.
Author: Dilip Kumar Ghosh Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 0415135494 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 465
Book Description
Issues covered include: offshore markets, central bank intervention, capital flows and capital flight megaspeed transmission technology and the integration of regional economic blocs.
Author: Geoffrey R. D. Underhill Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
A common distinction in political economy contrasts the dynamics of free markets with the 'political' dynamics of governance. That distinction portrays 'economic' competition as separate from the deployment of private political resources to affect the terms of competition in line with agent preferences. This yields a distorted view of how real-world economic agents compete with each other, and the market-governance/state-market dichotomy creates more confusion than it clarifies, failing to account for the empirical observation that complex market systems and institutions of governance cannot be found apart. Even as an analytical distinction, the dichotomy blinds us to the ways in which states are active constituents of the market place, and the ways in which market actors and their constituencies are part of the wider process of governance shaping the terms of competition. This paper will extend the transaction cost approach and the insights of institutional economics to demonstrate that the emergence of the institutions of financial governance is endogenous to the utility-maximising behaviour of economic agents. Utility-maximising behaviour and conflict over the terms of competition in the market generate both the formal and informal institutions and processes of governance such as regulation and dispute settlement. The paper then presents a conceptual model for understanding the essential integration of market and governance processes, the 'state-market condominium', in which markets are not just about what firms do in competition with each other, but are conceptualized as an ensemble of regulatory authority operating simultaneously through policy processes and the competitive interaction of firms. Contrasting forms of market correspond to political compromises based on the preferences of interacting agents. The model hypothesises reflexively that conflict over the terms of competition in markets generates changes in actor preferences concerning regulation and governance simultaneously, and that the outcome of conflict over divergent actor preferences concerning governance and regulation generates changes in market structures. Changes in preferences concerning governance therefore are intimately bound up with preferences concerning market structure. The theoretical model is then illustrated with a case study of international financial governance and market change related to the spread of the sub-prime financial crisis. By this reckoning, agents at first sought to set the terms of competition by promoting cross-border market integration and their preferences later underpinned the emerging fabric of multi-level governance in the sector. This approach brings the work of economists and political scientists closer together in revealing the nature and origins of a mix of global financial regulations that have given rise to the present economic crisis. The argument is that, in contrast to the public choice position that more market-based competition is likely to reduce the room for policy capture, financial liberalisation and the subsequent establishment of a market-based approach to financial governance constituted a process of policy-rent seeking which yielded important competitive advantages for the major international investment banks and financial conglomerates who pursued the policy in the first place. State agencies involved in financial governance also had a crucial interest in financial liberalisation and frequently made common cause with the financial sector. Basel II and its use of the advanced internal ratings based approach of “self supervision” for major banks is an example of such policy change. In turn, changes in risk management techniques and financial supervision directly contributed to the growth of leverage and product innovation associated with the outbreak of financial crisis. The crisis was a direct result of policy rent-seeking and capture: private interests simultaneously reshaped both market and governance in line with their own perceived utility functions. The real cost of risk was successfully transferred to the public domain as ultimate guarantor of financial system integrity. The model predicts that similar policy rent-seeking will dominate the reform process.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309048834 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 225
Book Description
Many questions have been raised about America's status in the increasingly interconnected global economy. Yet key factsâ€"such as the amount of foreign assets abroad owned by U.S. citizensâ€"are not known. The crucial data needed to assess the U.S. position are unavailable. This volume explores significant shortcomings in U.S. data on international capital transactions and their implications for policymakers. The volume offers clearcut recommendations for U.S. agencies to bring data collection and analyses of the global economy into the twenty-first century. The volume explores: How factors emerging since the early 1980s have shaped world financial markets and revealed shortcomings in data collection and analysis. How the existing U.S. data system works and where it fails how measurements of international financial transactions are recorded; and how swaps, options, and futures present special reporting problems. How alternative methods, such as collecting data, from sources such as global custodians and international clearinghouses, might improve coverage and accuracy.
Author: Richard M. Levich Publisher: Irwin Professional Publishing ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 704
Book Description
The purpose of this text is to analyze the key financial markets and instruments that facilitate trade and investment activity on a global scale. It spans two key areas: First-the economic determinants of prices, price changes and price relationships in the major financial markets; Second-the policy issues that result from private enterprises and public policymakers.
Author: Mr.Gian Milesi-Ferretti Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1451850905 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 46
Book Description
In recent decades, the foreign assets and liabilities of advanced economies have grown rapidly relative to GDP, with the increase in gross cross-holdings far exceeding changes in the size of net positions. Moreover, the portfolio equity and FDI categories have grown in importance relative to international debt stocks. This paper describes the broad trends in international financial integration for a sample of industrial countries and seeks to explain the cross-country and time-series variation in the size of international balance sheets. It also examines the behavior of the rates of return on foreign assets and liabilities, relating them to "market" returns.
Author: Terry L. Roe Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387773584 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 333
Book Description
The primary objective of this book is to advance the state of the art in specifying and ?tting to data structural multi-sector dynamic macroeconomic models, and empirically implementing them. The fundamental construct upon which we build is the Ramsey model. A most attractive feature of this model is the insights it provides into the dynamics of an economy in tr- sition to long-run equilibrium. With some exceptions, Ramsey models are highly aggregated – typically single sector models. However, interest often lies in understanding the forces of e- nomic growth across multiple sectors of an economy and on how policy impacts likely play out over time. Such analyses call for moredisaggregatedmodelsthatcanbe?ttocountryorregional data.Thisbookshowshowto:(i)extendthebasicmodeltom- tiple sectors, (ii) how to adapt the basic model to account for policy instruments, and (iii) ?t the model to data, and obtain equilibrium values both forward and backward in time from the data points to which the model is initially ?t.
Author: Takatoshi Ito Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226386953 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 416
Book Description
The increased mobility and volume of international capital flows is a striking trend in international finance. While countries worldwide have engaged in financial deregulation, nowhere is this pattern more pronounced than in East Asia, where it has affected in unanticipated ways the behavior of exchange rates, interest rates, and capital flows. In these thirteen essays, American and Asian scholars analyze the effects of financial deregulation and integration on East Asian markets. Topics covered include the roles of the United States and Japan in trading with Asian countries, macroeconomic policy implications of export-led growth in Korea and Taiwan, the effects of foreign direct investment in China, and the impact of financial liberalization in Japan, Korea, and Singapore. Demonstrating the complexity of financial deregulation and the challenges it poses for policy makers, this volume provides an excellent picture of the overall status of East Asian financial markets for scholars in international finance and Asian economic development.
Author: Khalifa Ghali
Author: Khalifa Ghali
Author: Dilip K. Ghosh
Author: Dilip Kumar Ghosh
Author: Geoffrey R. D. Underhill
Author: National Research Council
Author: Richard M. Levich
Author: Mr.Gian Milesi-Ferretti
Author: Terry L. Roe
Author: Maurice Obstfeld
Author: Takatoshi Ito