Traité juridique et pratique des Conseils de prud'hommes (loi organique du 15 mai 1910) PDF Download

Author: Maurice Capart
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arbitration and award
Languages : fr
Pages : 437

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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 0

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Author: Alfred Delcroix
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Election law
Languages : fr
Pages : 299

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Author: Bélgica
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Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 0

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Author: Katharine Seide
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arbitration (International law)
Languages : en
Pages : 488

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Author: Katharine Seide
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arbitration (International law)
Languages : en
Pages : 344

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Author: Frank Caestecker
Publisher: Berghahn Books
ISBN: 9781571819864
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 362

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Belgium has a unique place in the history of migration in that it was the first among industrialized nations in Continental Europe to develop into an immigrant society. In the nineteenth century Italians, Jews, Poles, Czechs, and North Africans settled in Belgium to work in industry and commerce. They were followed by Russians in the 1920s and Germans in the 1930s who were seeking a safe haven from persecution by totalitarian regimes. In the nineteenth century immigrants were to a larger extent integrated into Belgian society: they were denied political rights but participated on equal terms with Belgians in social life. This changed radically in the twentieth century; by 1940 the rights of aliens were severely curtailed, while those of Belgian citizens, in particular in the social domain, were extended. While the state evolved into a "welfare state" for its citizens it became more of a police state for immigrants. The state only tolerated immigrants who were prepared to carry out those jobs that were shunned by the Belgians. Under the pressure of public opinion, an exception was made in the cases of thousands of Jewish refugees that had fled from Nazi Germany. However, other immigrants were subjected to harsh regulations and in fact became the outcasts of twentieth-century Belgian liberal society. This remarkable study examines in depth and over a long time span how (anti-) alien policies were transformed, resulting in an illiberal exclusion of foreigners at the same time as democratization and the welfare state expanded. In this respect Belgium is certainly not unique but offers an interesting case study of developments that are characteristic for Europe as a whole.

Author: Roy MacLeod
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402054904
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 292

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This book represents a first considered attempt to study the factors that conditioned industrial chemistry for war in 1914-18. Taking a comparative perspective, it reflects on the experience of France, Germany, Austria, Russia, Britain, Italy and Russia, and points to significant similarities and differences. It looks at changing patterns in the organisation of industry, and at the emerging symbiosis between science, industry and the military.

Author: Library of Congress
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Catalogs, Union
Languages : en
Pages : 712

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Author: Andreas Fahrmeir
Publisher: Berghahn Books
ISBN: 9781571813282
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 340

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The migration movements of the 20th century have led to an increased interest in similarly dramatic population changes in the preceding century. The contributors to this volume - legal scholars, sociologists, political scientist and historians - focus on migration control in the 19th century, concentrating on three areas in particular: the impact of the French Revolution on the development of modern citizenship laws and on the development of new forms of migration control in France and elsewhere; the theory and practice of migration control in various European states is examined, focusing on the control of paupers, emigrants and "ordinary" travelers as well as on the interrelationship between the different administrative levels - local, regional and national - at which migration control was exercised. Finally, on the development of migration control in two countries of immigration: the United States and France. Taken altogether, these essays demonstrate conclusively that the image of the 19th century as a liberal era during which migration was unaffected by state intervention is untenable and in serious need of revision.