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Author: Jaime Behar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 300
Book Description
This is a study of the link between foreign trade and industrial employment in Mexico. A general conclusion is that Mexico's potential employment-gains from an expansion of manufactured exports are extremely low. Another is that this cannot be attributed to labour market distortions. the national level of analysis, the study focuses first on export patterns and policies while relating these issues to the current financial crisis. Econometric techniques and a model of balance of payments are applied. The main result is the policy efforts to stimulate manufactured export growth are efficacious for attaining external balance. Second, the export performance of the manufacturing sector is appraised in relation to the objective of employment generation. The results lend support to the hypothesis that Mexico will find its comparative advantages in the export expansion of modern industries which adopt high-technology production processes. Using imput-output techniques and skill data by industry, it is shown that growth in external demand has little to offer for the solution of the urban employment problem and to the objective of improving income distribution. the labour market of metropolitian monterrey, the capital city of the state of Nuevo Leon. An input-output model for Nuevo Leon is presented in this part of the study. By using survey and secondary data, interindustry flows and final demand sectors are estimated. A modified version of the supply-demand pool technique is then used to derive the matrix of regional input coefficients. Multiplier analysis is performed and the employment effects to the state's manufactured exports are estimated. In general, the results confirm the conclusion drawn at the national level of analysis, and illustrate the importance of considering regional variables when designing trade and employment policies.
Author: Jaime Behar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 300
Book Description
This is a study of the link between foreign trade and industrial employment in Mexico. A general conclusion is that Mexico's potential employment-gains from an expansion of manufactured exports are extremely low. Another is that this cannot be attributed to labour market distortions. the national level of analysis, the study focuses first on export patterns and policies while relating these issues to the current financial crisis. Econometric techniques and a model of balance of payments are applied. The main result is the policy efforts to stimulate manufactured export growth are efficacious for attaining external balance. Second, the export performance of the manufacturing sector is appraised in relation to the objective of employment generation. The results lend support to the hypothesis that Mexico will find its comparative advantages in the export expansion of modern industries which adopt high-technology production processes. Using imput-output techniques and skill data by industry, it is shown that growth in external demand has little to offer for the solution of the urban employment problem and to the objective of improving income distribution. the labour market of metropolitian monterrey, the capital city of the state of Nuevo Leon. An input-output model for Nuevo Leon is presented in this part of the study. By using survey and secondary data, interindustry flows and final demand sectors are estimated. A modified version of the supply-demand pool technique is then used to derive the matrix of regional input coefficients. Multiplier analysis is performed and the employment effects to the state's manufactured exports are estimated. In general, the results confirm the conclusion drawn at the national level of analysis, and illustrate the importance of considering regional variables when designing trade and employment policies.
Author: Christopher Wilson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Foreign trade and employment Languages : en Pages : 14
Book Description
The U.S.-Mexico trade relationship is huge. The two countries trade over a half-trillion dollars in goods and services each year, which amounts to more than a million dollars in bilateral commerce every minute. With such a large volume of trade, it is not hard to believe that the number of jobs that depend on the bilateral relationship is similarly impressive. New research commissioned by the Mexico Institute shows precisely that: nearly five million U.S. jobs depend on trade with Mexico. This means that one out of every 29 U.S. workers has a job supported by U.S.-Mexico trade. The model utilized in our study shows that if trade between the United States and Mexico were halted, 4.9 million Americans would be out of work. To be clear, trade between the United States and Mexico, like trade between any two countries, both creates and destroys jobs; our study takes this into consideration and finds a net gain of 4.9 million U.S. jobs as a result of bilateral trade.
Author: Marie T. Mora Publisher: University of Arizona Press ISBN: 0816548579 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
Five million workers are employed in a variety of settings along the U.S.–Mexico border, yet labor market outcomes on each side often differ. U.S. workers tend to have low earnings and high unemployment compared with the rest of the country, while workers on the Mexican side of the border are often more prosperous than those in the interior. This book sheds new light on these socioeconomic differentials, along with other labor market issues affecting both sides of the border. The contributors take up issues that dominate the current discourse— migration, trade, gender, education, earnings, and employment. They analyze labor conditions and their relationship to immigration, and also provide insight into income levels and population concentrations, the relative prosperity of Mexico’s border region, and NAFTA’s impact on trade and living conditions. Drawing on demographic, economic, and labor data, the chapters treat topics ranging from historical context to directions for future research. They cover the importance of trade to both the United States and Mexico, salary differentials, the determinants of wages among Mexican immigrant women on the U.S. side, and the net effect of Mexican migration on the public coffers in U.S. border states. The book’s concluding policy prescriptions are geared toward improving conditions on the U.S. side without dampening the success of workers in Mexico. Written to be equally accessible to social scientists, policy makers, and concerned citizens, this book deals with issues often overlooked in national policy discussions and can help readers better understand real-life conditions along the border. It dispels misconceptions regarding labor interdependence between the two countries while offering policy recommendations useful for improving the economic and social well-being of border residents.
Author: U S Government Accountability Office (G Publisher: BiblioGov ISBN: 9781289232450 Category : Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed U.S.-Mexican trade, focusing on the: (1) growth in U.S.-Mexican trade, particularly in the top ten U.S.-manufactured exports to Mexico; and (2) maquiladora program's effect on U.S. employment. GAO found that: (1) since 1985, U.S. exports to Mexico have tripled and U.S imports from Mexico have grown by 80 percent; (2) U.S. investment in Mexico has doubled since 1985; (3) about one-half of the maquiladoras registered in 1992 were owned by U.S. firms; (4) the top ten U.S.-manufactured commodities exported to Mexico in 1992 comprised about 23 percent of U.S. exports to Mexico in that year; (5) about 25 to 37 percent of Mexican imports from the United States went to maquiladora firms from 1985 to 1992; (6) the proportion of U.S. exports in general and the top ten U.S.-manufactured products exported to maquiladoras increased from 1985 to 1987 then decreased from 1987 to 1990; and (7) the employment-impact studies generally agreed that maquiladoras support some U.S. jobs, but the impact of the maquiladora program on U.S. employment could not be accurately quantified because of the studies' limitations.
Author: Ana Revenga Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 36
Book Description
October 1995 Cuts in Mexico's tariff levels were associated with a slight decline in employment in Mexico and with increases in average wages (perhaps reflecting improved productivity in the reformed industries and a shift toward the use of more skilled workers). The wages and employment of skilled production workers were significantly more responsive to changes in protection levels than those of nonproduction workers. In 1985, after decades of an import-substitution industrial strategy, Mexico initiated a radical liberalization of its external sector. Between 1985 and 1988, import licensing requirements were scaled back to a quarter of earlier levels, reference prices were removed, and tariff rates on most products were substantially reduced. By 1989, Mexico was one of the most open economies in the developing world. Adjusting to trade liberalization required the reallocation of resources between sectors and entailed substantial dislocation of workers. Revenga analyzes how Mexico's trade liberalization (1985 - 87) affected employment and wages in industry, focusing on how it affected average employment and earnings rather than on the link between trade and relative wages. She examines the tradeoff between wage and employment adjustment, identifies which labor groups benefited more from liberalization, and tries to associate changes in employment and wages directly with measures of change in trade protection, rather than link them to changes in imports and exports (which is more common). She finds that reductions in quota coverage and tariff levels are associated with moderate reductions in firm-level employment. A 10-point reduction in tariff levels (between 1985 and 1990) is associated with a 2- to 3-percent decline in employment in Mexico. Changes in quota coverage appear to have no discernible effect on wages, but reductions in tariff levels are associated with increases in average wages. This seems to reflect improved productivity in the reformed industries, which may be related to a shift toward the use of more skilled workers. There seems to have been a slight shift in the skill mix in favor of nonproduction workers. This was paralleled by a sharper increase in the wage differential between skilled and unskilled workers. The wages and employment of skilled production workers were significantly more responsive to changes in protection levels than those of nonproduction workers -- perhaps partly because production workers were more heavily concentrated in the industries in which protection levels were greatly reduced. This paper -- a product of the Country Operations Division 1, Latin America and the Caribbean, Country Department II -- was prepared for the World Bank labor markets workshop held in July 1994.
Author: Jaime Behar
Author: Jaime Behar
Author: 
Author: Christopher Wilson
Author: Rosalinda Quintanilla-Villanueva
Author: Jesús Gerardo Turrubiate-Marín
Author: Marie T. Mora
Author: U S Government Accountability Office (G
Author: Jesús Gerardo Turrubiate-Marin
Author: United States. General Accounting Office
Author: Ana Revenga