Author: U A Th Brinkman
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483274616
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 405
Book Description
TRAC: Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 8 provides information pertinent to the trends in the field of analytical chemistry. This book presents a variety of topics related to analytical chemistry, including protein purification, biotechnology, Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical field, electrokinetic chromatography, and flow injection analysis. Organized into 50 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of scientometric investigations that enable the quantitative study of the evolution of its various components and can thereby uncover how information is utilized to diffuse and generate knowledge. This text then discusses the economic significance of sensing and control as being the main factors in determining process economics and in offering products and business opportunities. Other chapters consider the important relationship between Raman spectroscopy and other analytical methods. This book discusses as well the interfaces between a gas chromatograph and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The final chapter deals with chemometrics routines. This book is a valuable resource for analytical chemists, and biochemists.
TRAC: Trends in Analytical Chemistry
Author: U A Th Brinkman
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483274616
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 405
Book Description
TRAC: Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 8 provides information pertinent to the trends in the field of analytical chemistry. This book presents a variety of topics related to analytical chemistry, including protein purification, biotechnology, Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical field, electrokinetic chromatography, and flow injection analysis. Organized into 50 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of scientometric investigations that enable the quantitative study of the evolution of its various components and can thereby uncover how information is utilized to diffuse and generate knowledge. This text then discusses the economic significance of sensing and control as being the main factors in determining process economics and in offering products and business opportunities. Other chapters consider the important relationship between Raman spectroscopy and other analytical methods. This book discusses as well the interfaces between a gas chromatograph and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The final chapter deals with chemometrics routines. This book is a valuable resource for analytical chemists, and biochemists.
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483274616
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 405
Book Description
TRAC: Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 8 provides information pertinent to the trends in the field of analytical chemistry. This book presents a variety of topics related to analytical chemistry, including protein purification, biotechnology, Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical field, electrokinetic chromatography, and flow injection analysis. Organized into 50 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of scientometric investigations that enable the quantitative study of the evolution of its various components and can thereby uncover how information is utilized to diffuse and generate knowledge. This text then discusses the economic significance of sensing and control as being the main factors in determining process economics and in offering products and business opportunities. Other chapters consider the important relationship between Raman spectroscopy and other analytical methods. This book discusses as well the interfaces between a gas chromatograph and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The final chapter deals with chemometrics routines. This book is a valuable resource for analytical chemists, and biochemists.
TRAC: Trends in Analytical Chemistry
Author: Susan E. Lord
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483274586
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 293
Book Description
Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 3 focuses on developments in analytical chemistry, including the adoption of automation in laboratory processes, chromatography, and flow analysis. The selection first underscores the effect of automation on the operations of analytical laboratories and techniques for the automated optimization of HPLC separations. Topics include initial requirements, window diagrams, and chemometric approaches. The text then ponders on generation of statistical tables by microcomputer; enzyme electrodes for continuous in-vivo monitoring; and enantiomeric analysis of the common protein amino acids by liquid chromatography. The publication takes a look at sample preparation for the analysis of heavy metals in foods and application of ion-selective electrodes in flow analysis, including dry ashing, acid extraction, and ion-selective electrodes in flowing systems. The text then examines trends in laboratory information management systems; zone electrophoresis in open-tubular capillaries; and using computers to interpret IR spectra of complex molecules. The selection is a valuable source of data for readers interested in the developments in analytical chemistry.
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483274586
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 293
Book Description
Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 3 focuses on developments in analytical chemistry, including the adoption of automation in laboratory processes, chromatography, and flow analysis. The selection first underscores the effect of automation on the operations of analytical laboratories and techniques for the automated optimization of HPLC separations. Topics include initial requirements, window diagrams, and chemometric approaches. The text then ponders on generation of statistical tables by microcomputer; enzyme electrodes for continuous in-vivo monitoring; and enantiomeric analysis of the common protein amino acids by liquid chromatography. The publication takes a look at sample preparation for the analysis of heavy metals in foods and application of ion-selective electrodes in flow analysis, including dry ashing, acid extraction, and ion-selective electrodes in flowing systems. The text then examines trends in laboratory information management systems; zone electrophoresis in open-tubular capillaries; and using computers to interpret IR spectra of complex molecules. The selection is a valuable source of data for readers interested in the developments in analytical chemistry.
Green Analytical Chemistry
Author: Miguel de la Guardia
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444537104
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 269
Book Description
This book provides basic coverage of the fundamentals and principles of green chemistry as it applies to chemical analysis. The main goal of Green Analytical Chemistry is to avoid or reduce the undesirable environmental side effects of chemical analysis, while preserving the classic analytical parameters of accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity, and precision. The authors review the main strategies for greening analytical methods, concentrating on minimizing sample preparation and handling, reducing solvent and reagent consumption, reducing energy consumption, minimizing of waste, operator safety and the economic savings that this approach offers. Suggestions are made to educators and editors to standardize terminology in order to facilitate the identification of analytical studies on green alternatives in the literature because there is not a wide and generalized use of a common term that can group efforts to prevent waste, avoid the use of potentially toxic reagents or solvents and those involving the decontamination of wastes. - provides environmentally-friendly alternatives to established analytical practice - focuses on the cost-saving opportunities offered - emphasis on laboratory personnel safety
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444537104
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 269
Book Description
This book provides basic coverage of the fundamentals and principles of green chemistry as it applies to chemical analysis. The main goal of Green Analytical Chemistry is to avoid or reduce the undesirable environmental side effects of chemical analysis, while preserving the classic analytical parameters of accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity, and precision. The authors review the main strategies for greening analytical methods, concentrating on minimizing sample preparation and handling, reducing solvent and reagent consumption, reducing energy consumption, minimizing of waste, operator safety and the economic savings that this approach offers. Suggestions are made to educators and editors to standardize terminology in order to facilitate the identification of analytical studies on green alternatives in the literature because there is not a wide and generalized use of a common term that can group efforts to prevent waste, avoid the use of potentially toxic reagents or solvents and those involving the decontamination of wastes. - provides environmentally-friendly alternatives to established analytical practice - focuses on the cost-saving opportunities offered - emphasis on laboratory personnel safety
Green Analytical Chemistry
Author: Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 981139105X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 460
Book Description
The book explains the principles and fundamentals of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) and highlights the current developments and future potential of the analytical green chemistry-oriented applications of various solutions. The book consists of sixteen chapters, including the history and milestones of GAC; issues related to teaching of green analytical chemistry and greening the university laboratories; evaluation of impact of analytical activities on the environmental and human health, direct techniques of detection, identification and determination of trace constituents; new achievements in the field of extraction of trace analytes from samples characterized by complex composition of the matrix; “green” nature of the derivatization process in analytical chemistry; passive techniques of sampling of analytes; green sorption materials used in analytical procedures; new types of solvents in the field of analytical chemistry. In addition green chromatography and related techniques, fast tests for assessment of the wide spectrum of pollutants in the different types of the medium, remote monitoring of environmental pollutants, qualitative and comparative evaluation, quantitative assessment, and future trends and perspectives are discussed. This book appeals to a wide readership of the academic and industrial researchers. In addition, it can be used in the classroom for undergraduate and graduate Ph.D. students focusing on elaboration of new analytical procedures for organic and inorganic compounds determination in different kinds of samples characterized by complex matrices composition.Jacek Namieśnik was a Professor at the Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland. Justyna Płotka-Wasylka is a teacher and researcher at the same department.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 981139105X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 460
Book Description
The book explains the principles and fundamentals of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) and highlights the current developments and future potential of the analytical green chemistry-oriented applications of various solutions. The book consists of sixteen chapters, including the history and milestones of GAC; issues related to teaching of green analytical chemistry and greening the university laboratories; evaluation of impact of analytical activities on the environmental and human health, direct techniques of detection, identification and determination of trace constituents; new achievements in the field of extraction of trace analytes from samples characterized by complex composition of the matrix; “green” nature of the derivatization process in analytical chemistry; passive techniques of sampling of analytes; green sorption materials used in analytical procedures; new types of solvents in the field of analytical chemistry. In addition green chromatography and related techniques, fast tests for assessment of the wide spectrum of pollutants in the different types of the medium, remote monitoring of environmental pollutants, qualitative and comparative evaluation, quantitative assessment, and future trends and perspectives are discussed. This book appeals to a wide readership of the academic and industrial researchers. In addition, it can be used in the classroom for undergraduate and graduate Ph.D. students focusing on elaboration of new analytical procedures for organic and inorganic compounds determination in different kinds of samples characterized by complex matrices composition.Jacek Namieśnik was a Professor at the Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland. Justyna Płotka-Wasylka is a teacher and researcher at the same department.
Introduction to Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry
Author: Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111936275X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 752
Book Description
The definitive textbook on the chemical analysis of pharmaceutical drugs – fully revised and updated Introduction to Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry enables students to gain fundamental knowledge of the vital concepts, techniques and applications of the chemical analysis of pharmaceutical ingredients, final pharmaceutical products and drug substances in biological fluids. A unique emphasis on pharmaceutical laboratory practices, such as sample preparation and separation techniques, provides an efficient and practical educational framework for undergraduate studies in areas such as pharmaceutical sciences, analytical chemistry and forensic analysis. Suitable for foundational courses, this essential undergraduate text introduces the common analytical methods used in quantitative and qualitative chemical analysis of pharmaceuticals. This extensively revised second edition includes a new chapter on chemical analysis of biopharmaceuticals, which includes discussions on identification, purity testing and assay of peptide and protein-based formulations. Also new to this edition are improved colour illustrations and tables, a streamlined chapter structure and text revised for increased clarity and comprehension. Introduces the fundamental concepts of pharmaceutical analytical chemistry and statistics Presents a systematic investigation of pharmaceutical applications absent from other textbooks on the subject Examines various analytical techniques commonly used in pharmaceutical laboratories Provides practice problems, up-to-date practical examples and detailed illustrations Includes updated content aligned with the current European and United States Pharmacopeia regulations and guidelines Covering the analytical techniques and concepts necessary for pharmaceutical analytical chemistry, Introduction to Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry is ideally suited for students of chemical and pharmaceutical sciences as well as analytical chemists transitioning into the field of pharmaceutical analytical chemistry.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111936275X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 752
Book Description
The definitive textbook on the chemical analysis of pharmaceutical drugs – fully revised and updated Introduction to Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry enables students to gain fundamental knowledge of the vital concepts, techniques and applications of the chemical analysis of pharmaceutical ingredients, final pharmaceutical products and drug substances in biological fluids. A unique emphasis on pharmaceutical laboratory practices, such as sample preparation and separation techniques, provides an efficient and practical educational framework for undergraduate studies in areas such as pharmaceutical sciences, analytical chemistry and forensic analysis. Suitable for foundational courses, this essential undergraduate text introduces the common analytical methods used in quantitative and qualitative chemical analysis of pharmaceuticals. This extensively revised second edition includes a new chapter on chemical analysis of biopharmaceuticals, which includes discussions on identification, purity testing and assay of peptide and protein-based formulations. Also new to this edition are improved colour illustrations and tables, a streamlined chapter structure and text revised for increased clarity and comprehension. Introduces the fundamental concepts of pharmaceutical analytical chemistry and statistics Presents a systematic investigation of pharmaceutical applications absent from other textbooks on the subject Examines various analytical techniques commonly used in pharmaceutical laboratories Provides practice problems, up-to-date practical examples and detailed illustrations Includes updated content aligned with the current European and United States Pharmacopeia regulations and guidelines Covering the analytical techniques and concepts necessary for pharmaceutical analytical chemistry, Introduction to Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry is ideally suited for students of chemical and pharmaceutical sciences as well as analytical chemists transitioning into the field of pharmaceutical analytical chemistry.
Solid-Phase Extraction
Author: Colin F. Poole
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128169079
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 742
Book Description
Solid Phase Extraction thoroughly presents both new and historic techniques for dealing with solid phase extraction. It provides all information laboratory scientists need for choosing and utilizing suitable sample preparation procedures for any kind of sample. In addition, the book showcases the contemporary uses of sample preparation techniques in the most important industrial and academic project environments, including solid-phase Microextraction, molecularly imprinted polymers, magnetic nanoparticles, and more. Written by recognized experts in their respective fields, this one-stop reference is ideal for those who need to know which technique to choose for solid phase extraction. Used in conjunction with a similar release, Liquid Phase Extraction, this book allows users to master this crucial aspect of sample preparation. - Defines the current state-of-the-art in extraction techniques and the methods and procedures for implementing them in laboratory practice - Includes extensive referencing that facilitates the identification of key information - Aimed at both entry-level scientists and those who want to explore new techniques and methods
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128169079
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 742
Book Description
Solid Phase Extraction thoroughly presents both new and historic techniques for dealing with solid phase extraction. It provides all information laboratory scientists need for choosing and utilizing suitable sample preparation procedures for any kind of sample. In addition, the book showcases the contemporary uses of sample preparation techniques in the most important industrial and academic project environments, including solid-phase Microextraction, molecularly imprinted polymers, magnetic nanoparticles, and more. Written by recognized experts in their respective fields, this one-stop reference is ideal for those who need to know which technique to choose for solid phase extraction. Used in conjunction with a similar release, Liquid Phase Extraction, this book allows users to master this crucial aspect of sample preparation. - Defines the current state-of-the-art in extraction techniques and the methods and procedures for implementing them in laboratory practice - Includes extensive referencing that facilitates the identification of key information - Aimed at both entry-level scientists and those who want to explore new techniques and methods
Handbook of Smart Materials in Analytical Chemistry
Author: Miguel de la Guardia
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119422612
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1108
Book Description
A comprehensive guide to smart materials and how they are used in sample preparation, analytical processes, and applications This comprehensive, two-volume handbook provides detailed information on the present state of new materials tailored for selective sample preparation and the legal frame and environmental side effects of the use of smart materials for sample preparation in analytical chemistry, as well as their use in the analytical processes and applications. It covers both methodological and applied analytical aspects, relating to the development and application of new materials for solid-phase extraction (SPE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME), their use in the different steps and techniques of the analytical process, and their application in specific fields such as water, food, air, pharmaceuticals, clinical sciences and forensics. Every chapter in Handbook of Smart Materials in Analytical Chemistry is written by experts in the field to provide a comprehensive picture of the present state of this key area of analytical sciences and to summarize current applications and research literature in a critical way. Volume 1 covers New Materials for Sample Preparation and Analysis. Volume 2 handles Analytical Processes and Applications. Focuses on the development and applications of smart materials in analytical chemistry Covers both, methodological and applied analytical aspects, for the development of new materials and their use in the different steps and techniques of the analytical process and their application in specific fields Features applications in key areas including water, air, environment, pharma, food, forensic, and clinical Presents the available tools for the use of new materials suitable to aid recognition process to the sample preparation and analysis A key resource for analytical chemists, applied laboratories, and instrument companies Handbook of Smart Materials in Analytical Chemistry, 2V Set is an excellent reference book for specialists and advanced students in the areas of analytical chemistry, including both research and application environments.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119422612
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1108
Book Description
A comprehensive guide to smart materials and how they are used in sample preparation, analytical processes, and applications This comprehensive, two-volume handbook provides detailed information on the present state of new materials tailored for selective sample preparation and the legal frame and environmental side effects of the use of smart materials for sample preparation in analytical chemistry, as well as their use in the analytical processes and applications. It covers both methodological and applied analytical aspects, relating to the development and application of new materials for solid-phase extraction (SPE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME), their use in the different steps and techniques of the analytical process, and their application in specific fields such as water, food, air, pharmaceuticals, clinical sciences and forensics. Every chapter in Handbook of Smart Materials in Analytical Chemistry is written by experts in the field to provide a comprehensive picture of the present state of this key area of analytical sciences and to summarize current applications and research literature in a critical way. Volume 1 covers New Materials for Sample Preparation and Analysis. Volume 2 handles Analytical Processes and Applications. Focuses on the development and applications of smart materials in analytical chemistry Covers both, methodological and applied analytical aspects, for the development of new materials and their use in the different steps and techniques of the analytical process and their application in specific fields Features applications in key areas including water, air, environment, pharma, food, forensic, and clinical Presents the available tools for the use of new materials suitable to aid recognition process to the sample preparation and analysis A key resource for analytical chemists, applied laboratories, and instrument companies Handbook of Smart Materials in Analytical Chemistry, 2V Set is an excellent reference book for specialists and advanced students in the areas of analytical chemistry, including both research and application environments.
Green Extraction Techniques: Principles, Advances and Applications
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444638695
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 676
Book Description
Green Extraction Techniques: Principles, Advances and Applications, Volume 76, the first work to compile all the multiple green extraction techniques and applications currently available, provides the most recent analytical advances in the main green extraction techniques. This new release includes a variety of comprehensively presented topics, including chapters on Green Analytical Chemistry: The Role of Green Extraction Techniques, Bioactives Obtained From Plants, Seaweeds, Microalgae and Food By-Products Using Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Pressurized Hot Water Extraction of Bioactives, and Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Organic Contaminants in Environmental and Food Samples. In this ongoing serial, in-depth, emerging green extraction approaches are discussed, together with their miniaturization and combination, showing the newest technologies that have been developed in the last few years for each case and providing a picture of the most innovative applications with further insights into future trends. - Compiles all the multiple green extraction techniques currently available, along with their applications - Includes the most recent analytical advances in the main green extraction techniques, along with their working principles - Covers emerging green extraction approaches, their miniaturization and combination and an insight into future trends
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444638695
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 676
Book Description
Green Extraction Techniques: Principles, Advances and Applications, Volume 76, the first work to compile all the multiple green extraction techniques and applications currently available, provides the most recent analytical advances in the main green extraction techniques. This new release includes a variety of comprehensively presented topics, including chapters on Green Analytical Chemistry: The Role of Green Extraction Techniques, Bioactives Obtained From Plants, Seaweeds, Microalgae and Food By-Products Using Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Pressurized Hot Water Extraction of Bioactives, and Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Organic Contaminants in Environmental and Food Samples. In this ongoing serial, in-depth, emerging green extraction approaches are discussed, together with their miniaturization and combination, showing the newest technologies that have been developed in the last few years for each case and providing a picture of the most innovative applications with further insights into future trends. - Compiles all the multiple green extraction techniques currently available, along with their applications - Includes the most recent analytical advances in the main green extraction techniques, along with their working principles - Covers emerging green extraction approaches, their miniaturization and combination and an insight into future trends
Nanozymes: Next Wave of Artificial Enzymes
Author: Xiaoyu Wang
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662530686
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 134
Book Description
This book describes the fundamental concepts, the latest developments and the outlook of the field of nanozymes (i.e., the catalytic nanomaterials with enzymatic characteristics). As one of today’s most exciting fields, nanozyme research lies at the interface of chemistry, biology, materials science and nanotechnology. Each of the book’s six chapters explores advances in nanozymes. Following an introduction to the rise of nanozymes research in the course of research on natural enzymes and artificial enzymes in Chapter 1, Chapters 2 through 5 discuss different nanomaterials used to mimic various natural enzymes, from carbon-based and metal-based nanomaterials to metal oxide-based nanomaterials and other nanomaterials. In each of these chapters, the nanomaterials’ enzyme mimetic activities, catalytic mechanisms and key applications are covered. In closing, Chapter 6 addresses the current challenges and outlines further directions for nanozymes. Presenting extensive information on nanozymes and supplemented with a wealth of color illustrations and tables, the book offers an ideal guide for readers from disparate areas, including analytical chemistry, materials science, nanoscience and nanotechnology, biomedical and clinical engineering, environmental science and engineering, green chemistry, and novel catalysis.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662530686
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 134
Book Description
This book describes the fundamental concepts, the latest developments and the outlook of the field of nanozymes (i.e., the catalytic nanomaterials with enzymatic characteristics). As one of today’s most exciting fields, nanozyme research lies at the interface of chemistry, biology, materials science and nanotechnology. Each of the book’s six chapters explores advances in nanozymes. Following an introduction to the rise of nanozymes research in the course of research on natural enzymes and artificial enzymes in Chapter 1, Chapters 2 through 5 discuss different nanomaterials used to mimic various natural enzymes, from carbon-based and metal-based nanomaterials to metal oxide-based nanomaterials and other nanomaterials. In each of these chapters, the nanomaterials’ enzyme mimetic activities, catalytic mechanisms and key applications are covered. In closing, Chapter 6 addresses the current challenges and outlines further directions for nanozymes. Presenting extensive information on nanozymes and supplemented with a wealth of color illustrations and tables, the book offers an ideal guide for readers from disparate areas, including analytical chemistry, materials science, nanoscience and nanotechnology, biomedical and clinical engineering, environmental science and engineering, green chemistry, and novel catalysis.
Quality Assurance in Analytical Chemistry
Author: Bernd W. Wenclawiak
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642136095
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 343
Book Description
knowledge. This material provided has been collected from different sources. One important source is the material available from EURACHEM. Eurachem is a network of organisations in Europe having the objective of establishing a system for the international tra- ability of chemical measurements and the promotion of good quality practices. It provides a forum for the discussion of common problems and for developing an informed and considered approach to both technical and policy issues. It provides a focus for analytical chemistry and quality related issues in Europe. You can find more information about EURACHEM on the internet via “Eurachem –A Focus for Analytical Chemistry in Europe” (http://www.eurachem.org). In particular the site Guides and Documents contains a number of different guides, which might help you to set up a quality system in your laboratory. The importance of quality assurance in analytical chemistry can best be described by the triangles depicted in Figs. 1 and 2. Quality is checked by testing and testing guaranties good quality. Both contribute to progress in QA (product control and quality) and thus to establishing a market share. Market success depends on quality, price, and flexibility. All three of them are interconnected. Before you can analyse anything the sample must be taken by someone. This must be of major concern to any analytical chemist. There is no accurate analysis wi- out proper sampling. For correct sampling you need a clear problem definition. There is no correct sampling without a clear problem definition
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642136095
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 343
Book Description
knowledge. This material provided has been collected from different sources. One important source is the material available from EURACHEM. Eurachem is a network of organisations in Europe having the objective of establishing a system for the international tra- ability of chemical measurements and the promotion of good quality practices. It provides a forum for the discussion of common problems and for developing an informed and considered approach to both technical and policy issues. It provides a focus for analytical chemistry and quality related issues in Europe. You can find more information about EURACHEM on the internet via “Eurachem –A Focus for Analytical Chemistry in Europe” (http://www.eurachem.org). In particular the site Guides and Documents contains a number of different guides, which might help you to set up a quality system in your laboratory. The importance of quality assurance in analytical chemistry can best be described by the triangles depicted in Figs. 1 and 2. Quality is checked by testing and testing guaranties good quality. Both contribute to progress in QA (product control and quality) and thus to establishing a market share. Market success depends on quality, price, and flexibility. All three of them are interconnected. Before you can analyse anything the sample must be taken by someone. This must be of major concern to any analytical chemist. There is no accurate analysis wi- out proper sampling. For correct sampling you need a clear problem definition. There is no correct sampling without a clear problem definition