Towards the Study of Ultrafast Chemical Dynamics Using Table-top Femtosecond Time-resolved Soft X-ray Transient Absorption Spectroscopy PDF Download

Author: Zhi-Heng Loh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 300

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Author: Jacinto Sa
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466592982
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 252

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Book Description
Photon-in-photon-out core level spectroscopy is an emerging approach to characterize the electronic structure of catalysts and enzymes, and it is either installed or planned for intense synchrotron beam lines and X-ray free electron lasers. This type of spectroscopy requires high-energy resolution spectroscopy not only for the incoming X-ray beam but also, in most applications, for the detection of the outgoing photons. Thus, the use of high-resolution X-ray crystal spectrometers whose resolving power ΔE/E is typically about 10–4, is mandatory. High-Resolution XAS/XES: Analyzing Electronic Structures of Catalysts covers the latest developments in X-ray light sources, detectors, crystal spectrometers, and photon-in-photon-out core level spectroscopy techniques. It also addresses photon-in-photon-out core level spectroscopy applications for the study of catalytic systems, highlighting hard X-ray measurements primarily due to probe high penetration, enabling in situ studies. This first-of-its-kind book: Discusses high-resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in terms of time-resolved and surface enhancement Supplies an understanding of catalytic reactivity essential for capitalizing on core level X-ray spectroscopy at fourth-generation light sources (XFELs) Describes all spectrometers developed to perform core level X-ray spectroscopy, considering the advantages and disadvantages of each Details methods to elucidate aspects of catalysts under working conditions, such as active sites and molecule adsorption Introduces theoretical calculations of spectra and explores biological as well as heterogeneous catalysts Complete with guidelines and warnings for the use of this type of spectroscopy, High-Resolution XAS/XES: Analyzing Electronic Structures of Catalysts provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of this exciting field.

Author: Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118844238
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 940

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Book Description
During the last two decades, remarkable and often spectacular progress has been made in the methodological and instrumental aspects of x–ray absorption and emission spectroscopy. This progress includes considerable technological improvements in the design and production of detectors especially with the development and expansion of large-scale synchrotron reactors All this has resulted in improved analytical performance and new applications, as well as in the perspective of a dramatic enhancement in the potential of x–ray based analysis techniques for the near future. This comprehensive two-volume treatise features articles that explain the phenomena and describe examples of X–ray absorption and emission applications in several fields, including chemistry, biochemistry, catalysis, amorphous and liquid systems, synchrotron radiation, and surface phenomena. Contributors explain the underlying theory, how to set up X–ray absorption experiments, and how to analyze the details of the resulting spectra. X-Ray Absorption and X-ray Emission Spectroscopy: Theory and Applications: Combines the theory, instrumentation and applications of x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies which offer unique diagnostics to study almost any object in the Universe. Is the go-to reference book in the subject for all researchers across multi-disciplines since intense beams from modern sources have revolutionized x-ray science in recent years Is relevant to students, postdocurates and researchers working on x-rays and related synchrotron sources and applications in materials, physics, medicine, environment/geology, and biomedical materials

Author: Nicola Di Palo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 163

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Book Description
Understanding most of the physical and chemical phenomena determining the world around us requires the possibility to interrogate their main characters on their natural scale in space and time. The insulating or conductive behavior of matter, its magnetic properties or the nature of chemical bonds are strongly dependent on the nuclear and electronic structure of the atoms, molecules or solids considered. Hence, tools are needed to probe electrons and nuclei directly at the atomic scale with a temporal resolution allowing the observation of electron dynamics (on the attosecond-to-femtosecond timescale) and structural dynamics (on the femtosecond-to-picosecond timescale) in real time.Attosecond science offers unique opportunities to investigate electronic and structural dynamics at the heart of important processes in atomic, molecular and solid-state physics. The generation of attosecond bursts of light, in the form of train of pulses or of isolated pulses, has been achieved on table-top sources by exploiting the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) process. The photons constituting the attosecond emission have energies that range from the extreme ultra-violet (XUV) up to the soft X-ray (SXR) region of the spectrum, allowing to interrogate the electronic structure of the probed material directly at the level of the inner electronic shells. Because of this property of accessing the characteristic electronic structure of the elements constituting the target, XUV and, especially, SXR spectroscopy are considered element-specific techniques. Attosecond pulses have already proven to be able to observe ultrafast phenomena in atoms, molecules or solids previously inaccessible.In this thesis, the application of time-resolved X-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectroscopy using attosecond SXR pulses to the study of carrier and structural dynamics in graphite is reported. In chapter 1, an introduction to the field of attoscience and the presentation of the state of the art of ultrafast dynamics in graphite are given. The established technique to generate attosecond pulses is described and a review of the most significant application of attosecond pulses to the study of electron dynamics is presented. The electronic and structural properties of graphite are then discussed, highlighting some of the most representative experiments detecting electron and lattice dynamics.The experimental setup developed at ICFO in the group of Prof. Dr. Jens Biegert and used for this Ph.D. thesis project is described in details in chapter 2. The system needed for the generation, propagation and detection of the attosecond SXR radiation is presented. The performances of the SXR source in terms of spectral tunability, photon flux and stability are discussed. The implementation of a IR pump - SXR probe scheme is reported, allowing beams' recombination in both collinear and non-collinear fashion. To conclude, the results of an attosecond streaking experiment are presented, through which a temporal characterization of the HHG emission has been achieved.A discussion on the spectroscopic capabilities of XAFS technique to interrogate the electronic and lattice structure of the observed material is presented in chapter 3. The potential of this technique has been demonstrated with an experimental investigation of a graphite thin film, with the results showing the possibility to probe the first unoccupied electronic bands and the characteristic distances defining the lattice structure.Finally, the XAFS capabilities have been exploited in a time-resolved experimental study of graphite to observe light-induced carrier and lattice dynamics, presented in chapter 4. The interpretation of the experimental data reveals insights on the ultrafast interaction of the pump laser field with charge carriers and on the effects of carrier-carrier and carrier-phonon scattering following photoexcitation.

Author: Kouichi Tsuji
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470020423
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 616

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Book Description
X-Ray Spectrometry: Recent Technological Advances covers the latest developments and areas of research in the methodological and instrumental aspects of x-ray spectrometry. Includes the most advanced and high-tech aspects of the chemical analysis techniques based on x-rays Introduces new types of X-ray optics and X-ray detectors, covering history, principles, characteristics and future trends Written by internationally recognized scientists, all of whom are eminent specialists in each of the sub-fields Sections include: X-Ray Sources, X-Ray Optics, X-Ray Detectors, Special Configurations, New Computerization Methods, New Applications This valuable book will assist all analytical chemists and other users of x-ray spectrometry to fully exploit the capabilities of this set of powerful analytical tools and to further expand applications in such fields as material and environmental sciences, medicine, toxicology, forensics, archaeometry and many others.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309467691
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 347

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Book Description
The laser has revolutionized many areas of science and society, providing bright and versatile light sources that transform the ways we investigate science and enables trillions of dollars of commerce. Now a second laser revolution is underway with pulsed petawatt-class lasers (1 petawatt: 1 million billion watts) that deliver nearly 100 times the total world's power concentrated into a pulse that lasts less than one-trillionth of a second. Such light sources create unique, extreme laboratory conditions that can accelerate and collide intense beams of elementary particles, drive nuclear reactions, heat matter to conditions found in stars, or even create matter out of the empty vacuum. These powerful lasers came largely from U.S. engineering, and the science and technology opportunities they enable were discussed in several previous National Academies' reports. Based on these advances, the principal research funding agencies in Europe and Asia began in the last decade to invest heavily in new facilities that will employ these high-intensity lasers for fundamental and applied science. No similar programs exist in the United States. Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers assesses the opportunities and recommends a path forward for possible U.S. investments in this area of science.

Author: Roberto Marquardt
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128172355
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 376

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Book Description
Molecular Spectroscopy and Quantum Dynamics, an exciting new work edited by Professors Martin Quack and Roberto Marquardt, contains comprehensive information on the current state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical methods and techniques used to unravel ultra-fast phenomena in atoms, molecules and condensed matter, along with future perspectives on the field. Contains new insights into the quantum dynamics and spectroscopy of electronic and nuclear motion Presents the most recent developments in the detection and interpretation of ultra-fast phenomena Includes a discussion of the importance of these phenomena for the understanding of chemical reaction dynamics and kinetics in relation to molecular spectra and structure

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 1088

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Author: Joachim Stöhr
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662028530
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 415

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Book Description
This is the first ever comprehensive treatment of NEXAFS spectroscopy. It is suitable for novice researchers as an introduction to the field, while experts will welcome the detailed description of state-of-the-art instrumentation and analysis techniques, along with the latest experimental and theoretical results.

Author: Michaela Kozlová
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030354539
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 199

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Book Description
These proceedings gather a selection of invited and contributed papers presented during the 16th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers (ICXRL 2018), held in Prague, Czech Republic, from 7 to 12 October 2018. The conference is part of an ongoing series dedicated to recent developments in the science and technology of X-ray lasers and other coherent X-ray sources, with an additional focus on supporting technologies, instrumentation and applications. The book highlights advances in a wide range of fields including laser and discharge-pumped plasma X-ray lasers, the injection and seeding of X-ray amplifiers, high-order harmonic generation and ultrafast phenomena, X-ray free electron lasers, novel schemes for (in)coherent XUV, X-ray and γ-ray generation, XUV and X-ray imaging, optics and metrology, X-rays and γ-rays for fundamental science, the practical implementation of X-ray lasers, XFELs and super-intense lasers, and the applications and industrial uses of X-ray lasers.