Author: Shuting Feng (Ph.D.) Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 190
Book Description
The global society urgently needs to remedy the effects of climate change resulting from burning fossil fuels and significantly increase the utilization of renewable energy. Rechargeable batteries are important enablers of sustainable energy use, as they can be employed to store energy generated from renewable but intermittent source. Enhancing the functionality of battery electrolytes, such as (electro)chemical stability and ion conductivity, can improve battery energy density, operation efficiency, and safety. This thesis explores strategies to improve the stability and ion conductivity of organic electrolytes for rechargeable batteries. Special attention is given to aprotic lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries, which offer theoretical energy densities that are 2 to 4 times increase over the state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Currently, the practical development of rechargeable Li-O2 batteries is hindered by severe electrolyte degradations. Numerous families of organic solvents, polymers, and ionic liquids have been evaluated as electrolyte candidates; none are stable against the oxygen electrode in LiO2 batteries. Moreover, the decomposition pathways of many molecules are poorly understood. To investigate the structure-property relationships governing the stability of organic molecules in aprotic Li-O2 electrode environment, we developed and applied a comprehensive stability framework to a library of organic molecules with varied functionalities using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Additionally, the chemical stability of the molecules was investigated experimentally. The computed and experimental results were in excellent agreement, and have been employed to identify unstable chemical moieties at the molecular level and to provide insight into the design of new electrolytes that would be stable in Li-O2 battery environment. Using the guiding principles provided by this stability framework, we developed three sulfamide- and sulfonamide-based electrolyte solvents that exhibited exceptional stability under aprotic Li-O2 conditions. In particular, the sulfonamide-based electrolytes have been found to be stable for >90 cycles in a Li-O2 cell, highlighting the power of rational molecular design for the development of stable and ion-conductive organic electrolytes for next-generation batteries.
Author: Jianmin Ma Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry ISBN: 1839167580 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 380
Book Description
Rechargeable batteries are one of the crucial ways we are going to solve the sustainable energy crisis. Lithium-ion batteries have been commercialised and are heavily relied upon, however, the scarcity of lithium resources increases the production cost and hinders further application. Additionally, the toxic and flammable electrolyte brings many potential safety hazards including environmental pollution. Looking for low-cost, safe, and environmentally friendly alternatives to LIBs has become a valuable research direction. The modification of batteries is focused on the anode, the cathode and electrolyte. Globally, researchers have moved onto new rechargeable batteries based on multivalent metal ions which have been extensively studied, including K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+. However, the electrolyte is a very important component of a battery as its physical and chemical properties directly affect the electrochemical performance and energy storage mechanism. Finding and selecting an appropriate electrolyte system is a crucial factor that must be taken into account to make these post-lithium-ion batteries commercially viable. Until now, it has been challenging to develop a suitable electrolyte with a wide electrochemical stability window and stable anode interface. This book covers all the major ion-battery groups and their electrolytes, examining their performance and suitability in different solvents: aqueous, non-aqueous, solid gel and polymer. It is suitable for all levels of students and researchers who want to understand the fundamentals and future challenges of developing electrolytes.
Author: Yongzhu Fu Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527350802 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 309
Book Description
A must-have reference on sustainable organic energy storage systems Organic electrode materials have the potential to overcome the intrinsic limitations of transition metal oxides as cathodes in rechargeable batteries. As promising alternatives to metal-based batteries, organic batteries are renewable, low-cost, and would enable a greener rechargeable world. Rechargeable Organic Batteries is an up-to-date reference and guide to the next generation of sustainable organic electrodes. Focused exclusively on organic electrode materials for rechargeable batteries, this unique volume provides comprehensive coverage of the structures, advantages, properties, reaction mechanisms, and performance of various types of organic cathodes. In-depth chapters examine carbonyl-, organosulfur-, radical-, and organometallic complexes, as well as polymer-based active materials for electrochemical energy storage (EES) technologies. Throughout the book, possible application cases and potential challenges are discussed in detail. Presents advanced characterization methods for verifying redox mechanisms of organic materials Examines recent advances in carbonyl-based small-molecule cathode materials in battery systems including lithium-ion, sodium-ion, and aqueous zinc-ion batteries Introduces organosulfide-inorganic composite cathodes with high electrical conductivity and fast reaction kinetics Outlines research progress on radical electrode materials, polymer-based organic cathode materials, and the development of all-organic batteries Summarizes the synthesis processes, redox mechanisms, and electrochemical performance of different kinds of organic anode materials for metal-ion batteries Featuring a general introduction to organic batteries, including a discussion of their necessity and advantages, Rechargeable Organic Batteries is essential reading for electrochemists, materials scientists, organic chemists, physical chemists, and solid-state chemists working in the field.
Author: Prasanth Raghavan Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1040106382 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 397
Book Description
This volume covers recent advanced battery systems such as metal-ion, hybrid, and metal-air batteries. It includes an introduction to fluoride, potassium, zinc, chloride, aluminium, and iron-ion batteries; special or hybrid batteries are included, with calcium, nuclear, thermal, and lithium-magnesium hybrid batteries also explained. It summarizes the recent progress and chemistry behind the popular metal-air batteries, including a systematic overview of the components, design, and integration of these new battery technologies. Features: Covers recent battery technologies in detail, from the chemistry to advances in post-lithium-ion batteries. Various post-lithium-ion batteries are discussed in detail. Includes a section on ion batteries, exploring new types of metal-ion batteries. Focuses in each chapter on a particular battery type, including different metal-ion batteries such as zinc, potassium, aluminium, and their air version batteries. Provides authoritative coverage of scientific content via global contributing experts. This book is aimed at graduate students, researchers, and professionals in materials science, chemical and electrical engineering, and electrochemistry.
Author: Li Shen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 199
Book Description
The extensive utilization of fossil fuels since 2nd industry revolution bears a major responsibility for climate change. The raising awareness towards sustainable and renewable energy supply calls for game-changing research and progress in field of electrochemical energy storage, among which lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is of particular interest. The developments of LIBs, in conjunction with the revolutions in the area of semiconductor and information technologies, have triggered the rapid growth of portable electronics and electric vehicles. Particularly, the transition of gasoline-powered automobiles to electrification ones requires better LIBs with higher energy density, faster charging rate, cheaper cost and longer-lasting lifetime. To achieve the goals, it is essential to rethink and closely examine the fundamental electrochemistry beneath the conversion between electricity and chemical reactions. The operation of batteries relies on the separation of electrons and ions in electrodes, and their subsequent respective translocation through the electronic pathways and the electrolytes. The electronic conductivity of electrodes has been improved by rational architecture design and incorporation of conductive agents. While optimizing ionic transport is more challenging since the electrode-electrolyte interface is dynamic during cycling. Variation of electrolytes would not only impact the electrochemical reactions in electrodes, but also the ohmic and concentration polarizations throughout the devices. Therefore, advances in electrolyte are vital for driving innovations in battery technologies. Commercial liquid electrolytes, which are based on ion diffusion in fluidic medium, have merit in ionic conductivity. However, its suitability for next-generation LIBs is under dispute. Firstly, the Li+ transference number, defined as the ratio of conductivity carried by Li+ versus by Li+ and counter anions, is typically as low as 0.3, indicating an inferior transport efficiency. Such scenario is responsible for severe polarization and deterioration of the cycling life, particularly, during fast charging/discharging process. Second, liquid electrolytes are not compatible with high energy electrodes (e.g. Li anode, high voltage cathode, etc.) viewed from the aspects of electrochemical voltage window and safety. To address these issues, solid electrolytes and polymer electrolytes have been extensively explored due to their high Li+ transference number and superior safety. Yet their implementation to commercial LIBs still encounters considerable challenges from the aspects of low ionic conductivity and manufactural difficulties. In this dissertation, a novel class of ionic conductors with biomimetic ionic channels have been developed to overcome the aforementioned limitations in liquid electrolytes. By thermal activation, porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) yield unsaturated metal centers which could be complexed with liquid electrolytes. The anions in liquid electrolytes can spontaneously bind with the unsaturated metal centers, forming ionic channels mimicking those of in the biologic systems and allowing effective transport of Li+. The ionic conductors built upon MOFs outperform liquid electrolytes in terms of high ionic conductivity, high transference number, broad electrochemical window and improved safety. The dissertation research could be outlined briefly with following two parts: 1. Development of MOFs-based electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and high Li+ transfer number. This part of work firstly demonstrated the concept of biomimetic ionic channels within MOFs. Second, optimization of MOF pore structures according to infiltrated liquid electrolyte affords the synthesis of suitable MOF-based electrolytes with high Li+ ionic conductivity and low cost. 2. Integration of MOFs-based electrolytes into batteries. Three strategies were explored in this part to integrate the MOFs-based ionic conductors as following components: 1) separator; 2) electrolyte additive; 3) electrode additive. Overall, this dissertation research has developed a new class of fast lithium ion conductors based on MOFs and commercially available liquid electrolytes, a variety of architecture designs for incorporating these fast Li+ conductors into battery device could be implemented in a cost-effective manner. By taking advantage of unsaturated metal sites in MOFs, immobilized anions and fast Li+ mobility enable superior device performances with prolonged cycling performance, especially at fast charging rate. Based on these works, one can expect the advances in electrolytes will impact the markets of lithium rechargeable batteries in the near future.
Author: Laure Monconduit Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9813228156 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 381
Book Description
The Li-ion battery market is growing fast due to its ever increasing number of applications, from electric vehicles to portable devices. These devices are in demand due to safety reasons, energy efficiency, high power density and long life duration, which drive the need for more efficient electrochemical energy storage systems. The aim of this book is to provide the challenges and perspectives for Li-ion batteries (chapters 1 and 2), at the negative electrode as well as at the positive electrode, and for technologies beyond the Li-ion with the emerging Na-ion batteries and multivalent (Mg, Al, Ca, etc) systems (chapters 4 and 5). The aim is also to alert on the necessity to develop the recycling methods of the millions of produced batteries which are going to further flood our societies (chapter 3), and also to continuously increase the safety of the energy storage systems. For the latter challenge, it is interesting to seriously consider polymer electrolytes and batteries as an alternative (chapter 6).This book will take readers inside recent breakthroughs made in the electrochemical energy systems. It is a collaborative work of experts from the most known teams in the batteries field in Europe and beyond, from academics as well as from manufacturers.
Author: Maria-Magdalena Titirici Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527825770 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 767
Book Description
Presents uparalleled coverage of Na-ion battery technology, including the most recent research and emerging applications Na-ion battery technologies have emerged as cost-effective, environmentally friendly alternatives to Li-ion batteries, particularly for large-scale storage applications where battery size is less of a concern than in portable electronics or electric vehicles. Scientists and engineers involved in developing commercially viable Na-ion batteries need to understand the state-of-the-art in constituent materials, electrodes, and electrolytes to meet both performance metrics and economic requirements. Sodium-Ion Batteries: Materials, Characterization, and Technology provides in-depth coverage of the material constituents, characterization, applications, upscaling, and commercialization of Na-ion batteries. Contributions by international experts discuss the development and performance of cathode and anode materials and their characterization - using methods such as NMR spectroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computational studies - as well as ceramics, ionic liquids, and other solid and liquid electrolytes. Discusses the development of battery technology based on the abundant alkali ion sodium Features a thorough introduction to Na-ion batteries and their comparison with Li-ion batteries Reviews recent research on the structure-electrochemical performance relationship and the development of new solid electrolytes Includes a timely overview of commercial perspectives, cost analysis, and safety issues of Na-ion batteries Covers emerging technologies including Na-ion capacitors, aqueous sodium batteries, and Na-S batteries The handbook Sodium-Ion Batteries: Materials, Characterization, and Technology is an indispensable reference for researchers and development engineers, materials scientists, electrochemists, and engineering scientists in both academia and industry.
Author: Guang Yang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Rechargeable lithium ion batteries are revolutionary energy storage systems widely used in portable electronic devices (e.g., mobile phones, laptops) and more recently electrical vehicles. The conventional liquid electrolytes in the lithium ion battery brought about safety problems such as fire and explosion. Related safety accidents (e.g., cell phone explosion, laptop fire, plane smoldering, etc.) have been reported many times. This also eliminates the possibility of using lithium metal as anode material which has much higher theoretical specific capacity in comparison with commercial graphite electrode because of the growth of uncontrolled lithium dendrites can lead to short circuit and other serious accidents. Solid polymer electrolytes have many advantages over conventional liquid electrolytes. They are light-weighted, non-volatile and have much better safety features than liquid electrolyte. Meanwhile, they are also better than the ceramic electrolyte in terms of their excellent flexibility and processability. Currently, low ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes (e.g., polyethylene oxide (PEO)) at ambient temperature still hinders their practical application. Ionic liquids (ILs) are non-flammable and have negligible volatility. Its ionic conductive nature, excellent chemical stability, and good electrochemical stability enable them to be regarded as useful components for next generation battery electrolytes. In this thesis work, focus will be placed on synthesis and characterization of ionic liquid tethered organic/inorganic hybrid polymer electrolyte with high room temperature ionic conductivity. Moreover, their electrochemical properties and prototype battery performances were also looked into. The use of highly conductive solid-state electrolytes to replace conventional liquid organic electrolytes enables radical improvements in reliability, safety and performance of lithium batteries. Here in chapter 2, we report the synthesis and characterization of a new class of nonflammable solid electrolytes based on the grafting of ionic liquids onto octa-silsesquioxane. The electrolyte exhibits outstanding room-temperature ionic conductivity (~4.8 10-4 S/cm), excellent electrochemical stability (up to 5 V relative to Li+/Li) and high thermal stability. All-solid-state Li metal batteries using the prepared electrolyte membrane are successfully cycled with high coulombic efficiencies at ambient temperature. Good cycling stability of the electrolyte against lithium has been demonstrated. This work provides a new platform of solid polymer electrolyte for the application of room-temperature lithium batteries. In chapter 3, an organic-inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte with ionic liquid moieties tethered onto dumbbell-shaped octasilsesquioxanes through oligo(ethylene glycol) spacers was synthesized. The hybrid electrolyte is featured by its high room-temperature ionic conductivity (1.210-4 S/cm at 20 oC with LiTFSI salt), excellent electrochemical stability (4.6 V vs Li+/Li), and great thermal stability. Excellent capability of the hybrid electrolyte to mediate electrochemical deposition and dissolution of lithium has been demonstrated in the symmetrical lithium cells. No short circuit has been observed after more than 500 hrs in the polarization tests. Decent charge/discharge performance has been obtained in the prepared electrolyte based all-solid-state lithium battery cells at ambient temperature. In chapter 4, hybrid polymer electrolyte network (XPOSS-IL) synthesized by crosslinking the individual dendritic POSS-IL was investigated. To be specific, after grafting mono-broninated hexaethylene glycol to the POSS cage, 1-vinyl imidazole was adopted for the subsequent quarternization reaction. Then the chain end double bonds underwent free radical crosslinking process to produce XPOSS-IL. The ionic conductivity of LiTFSI dissolved XPOSS-IL is 5.4 10-5 S/cm at 30 . By adding a small fraction of ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMITFSI), the ionic conductivity increases to 1.4 10-4 S/cm at room temperature. It is also found that EMITFSI will enhance the anodic stability of XPOSS-IL. The Li/LTO and Li/LFP cell assembled with X-POSS-IL-LiTFSI/EMITFSI demonstrates capability of delivering high specific capacities at room temperature and elevated temperature.
Author: Władysław Wieczorek Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000076806 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 345
Book Description
Every electrochemical source of electric current is composed of two electrodes with an electrolyte in between. Since storage capacity depends predominantly on the composition and design of the electrodes, most research and development efforts have been focused on them. Considerably less attention has been paid to the electrolyte, a battery’s basic component. This book fills this gap and shines more light on the role of electrolytes in modern batteries. Today, limitations in lithium-ion batteries result from non-optimal properties of commercial electrolytes as well as scientific and engineering challenges related to novel electrolytes for improved lithium-ion as well as future post-lithium batteries.
Author: Rajender Boddula Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119661196 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 496
Book Description
Battery technology is constantly changing, and the concepts and applications of these changes are rapidly becoming increasingly more important as more and more industries and individuals continue to make “greener” choices in their energy sources. As global dependence on fossil fuels slowly wanes, there is a heavier and heavier importance placed on cleaner power sources and methods for storing and transporting that power. Battery technology is a huge part of this global energy revolution. Rechargeable battery technologies have been a milestone for moving toward a fossil-fuel-free society. They include groundbreaking changes in energy storage, transportation, and electronics. Improvements in battery electrodes and electrolytes have been a remarkable development, and, in the last few years, rechargeable batteries have attracted significant interest from scientists as they are a boon for electric vehicles, laptops and computers, mobile phones, portable electronics, and grid-level electricity storage devices. Rechargeable Batteries: History, Progress, and Applicationsoutlines the history, development, future, and applications for rechargeable batteries for energy storage applications. It also provides an in-depth description of various energy storage materials and is an invaluable reference guide for electrochemists, chemical engineers, students, faculty, and R&D professionals in energy storage science, material science, and renewable energy. This is a must-have for any engineer’s library who works with batteries and energy storage.
Author: Shuting Feng (Ph.D.)
Author: Jianmin Ma
Author: Yongzhu Fu
Author: Prasanth Raghavan
Author: Li Shen
Author: Laure Monconduit
Author: Maria-Magdalena Titirici
Author: Guang Yang
Author: Władysław Wieczorek
Author: Rajender Boddula