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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cherokee language Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This dissertation develops the emerging model of verticalization to account for the social processes underlying language shift. The verticalization model originates from Roland Warren's (1978) study of the late 18th through the mid 20th century, during which American communities underwent a restructuring that accompanied the phenomena of urbanization and industrialization. Although Warren examines verticalization within a particular historical context, it seems to be a general feature of human society. Previous research (e.g. Lucht 2007) argues that institutional changes correlate with a shift from the community's heritage language toward English. To generalize Lucht and other scholars' framework on language shift, this dissertation focuses on two case studies - the situations of Wisconsin German and North Carolina Cherokee. In studying two such disparate language communities, I develop a more general model of shift. Although much research has been done on individual instances of language shift, no general model exists yet. The value of the model I employ is its versatility. The communities in my case studies have vastly different histories and social circumstances, yet both show the effects of verticalization on language shift. For Eastern Band Cherokees, paved roads, the lumber industry, tourism, and public schooling began substantially altering traditional social structures beginning around the 1910s. By the 1950s, Gulick (1958) reports that there are no Cherokees in the conservative community of Big Cove who cannot speak English at all. In eastern Wisconsin, public schooling, new regulations in the dairy farming industry, and an increasing availability of technology all began drive people to interact in different ways. As community structures and interactions changed, more social domains switched to English. For both communities this led to a tipping point at which parents began raising children to be monolingual in English. The continuation of this trend and the death of Cherokee in North Carolina would sever an important link between Cherokees and their traditions. It is hoped that studying the correlation between social change and language shift will lead to better solutions in reversing shift, and better understanding of how communities came to be as they are today.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cherokee language Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This dissertation develops the emerging model of verticalization to account for the social processes underlying language shift. The verticalization model originates from Roland Warren's (1978) study of the late 18th through the mid 20th century, during which American communities underwent a restructuring that accompanied the phenomena of urbanization and industrialization. Although Warren examines verticalization within a particular historical context, it seems to be a general feature of human society. Previous research (e.g. Lucht 2007) argues that institutional changes correlate with a shift from the community's heritage language toward English. To generalize Lucht and other scholars' framework on language shift, this dissertation focuses on two case studies - the situations of Wisconsin German and North Carolina Cherokee. In studying two such disparate language communities, I develop a more general model of shift. Although much research has been done on individual instances of language shift, no general model exists yet. The value of the model I employ is its versatility. The communities in my case studies have vastly different histories and social circumstances, yet both show the effects of verticalization on language shift. For Eastern Band Cherokees, paved roads, the lumber industry, tourism, and public schooling began substantially altering traditional social structures beginning around the 1910s. By the 1950s, Gulick (1958) reports that there are no Cherokees in the conservative community of Big Cove who cannot speak English at all. In eastern Wisconsin, public schooling, new regulations in the dairy farming industry, and an increasing availability of technology all began drive people to interact in different ways. As community structures and interactions changed, more social domains switched to English. For both communities this led to a tipping point at which parents began raising children to be monolingual in English. The continuation of this trend and the death of Cherokee in North Carolina would sever an important link between Cherokees and their traditions. It is hoped that studying the correlation between social change and language shift will lead to better solutions in reversing shift, and better understanding of how communities came to be as they are today.
Author: Gianfranco Minati Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814383325 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 725
Book Description
The book contains the Proceedings of the 2010 Conference of the Italian Systems Society. Papers deal with the interdisciplinary study of processes of changing related to a wide variety of specific disciplinary aspects. Classical attempts to deal with them, based on generalising approaches used to study the movement of bodies and environmental influence, have included ineffective reductionistic simplifications. Indeed changing also relates, for instance, to processes of acquisition and varying properties such as for software; growing and aging biological systems; learning/cognitive systems; and socio-economic systems growing and developing through innovations. Some approaches to modelling such processes are based on considering changes in structure, e.g., phase-transitions. Other approaches are based on considering (1) periodic changes in structure as for processes of self-organisation; (2) non-periodic but coherent changes in structure, as for processes of emergence; (3) the quantum level of description. Papers in the book study the problem considering its transdisciplinary nature, i.e., systemic properties studied per se and not within specific disciplinary contexts. The aim of these studies is to outline a transdisciplinary theory of change in systemic properties. Such a theory should have simultaneous, corresponding and eventually hierarchical disciplinary aspects as expected for a general theory of emergence. Within this transdisciplinary context, specific disciplinary research activities and results are assumed to be mutually represented as within a philosophical and conceptual framework based on the theoretical centrality of the observer and conceptual non-separability of context and observer, related to logically open systems and Quantum Entanglement. Contributions deal with such issues in interdisciplinary ways considering theoretical aspects and applications from Physics, Cognitive Science, Biology, Artificial Intelligence, Economics, Architecture, Philosophy, Music and Social Systems.
Author: Katharina Reiss Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317640004 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
This is the first English translation of the seminal book by Katharina Reiß and Hans Vermeer, Grundlegung einer allgemeinen Translationstheorie, first published in 1984. The first part of the book was written by Vermeer and explains the theoretical foundations and basic principles of skopos theory as a general theory of translation and interpreting or ‘translational action’, whereas the second part, penned by Katharina Reiß, seeks to integrate her text-typological approach, first presented in 1971, as a ‘specific theory’ that focuses on those cases in which the skopos requires equivalence of functions between the source and target texts. Almost 30 years after it first appeared, this key publication is now finally accessible to the next generations of translation scholars. In her translation, Christiane Nord attempts to put skopos theory and her own concept of ‘function plus loyalty’ to the test, by producing a comprehensible, acceptable text for a rather heterogeneous audience of English-speaking students and scholars all over the world, at the same time as acting as a loyal intermediary for the authors, to whom she feels deeply indebted as a former student and colleague.
Author: Joshua R. Brown Publisher: ISBN: 9780191896644 Category : Historical linguistics Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This book introduces a new and still emerging theoretical framework for understanding language shift and uses this approach to explore a range of minority language communities in the United States. It includes specific case studies of individual communities as well as commentary chapters that provide a broader perspective.
Author: Joshua R. Brown Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0198864639 Category : Linguistic minorities Languages : en Pages : 257
Book Description
This book introduces a new and still emerging theoretical framework for understanding language shift and uses this approach to explore a range of minority language communities in the United States. To date, approaches to language shift have typically relied on explaining the process through descriptive sociolinguistic models, i.e., how the community first becomes bilingual in both the majority and minority languages and then eventually shifts entirely to the majority language. The contributions in this volume instead attribute shift to a change from local control of tightly interconnected 'horizontal' institutions within a community to more external or 'vertical' control of those increasingly autonomous institutions outside the community; in short, language shift is driven by specific changes in community structure. In addition, unlike previous approaches to language shift, the one proposed here is generalizable. Following an introduction to the theory, the main five chapters in the book offer case studies of individual language communities, in different contexts and different periods. The final three chapters of the book take a broader perspective, looking beyond the United States: two leading specialists in the field provide critical commentaries on the theoretical approach and offer refinements to a theory of language shift, before a concluding chapter draws together the findings of the case studies and reflections on the commentaries. The volume will appeal to researchers and students in the fields of language revitalization, community studies, sociolinguistics, and social history.
Author: Artemis Alexiadou Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889450120 Category : Languages : en Pages : 197
Book Description
This volume investigates the nature of grammatical representations in speakers who master multiple languages. Since the early days of modern formal approaches to grammar, most work has been based on the language of monolingual humans. Less work has been conducted based on data from speakers who possess more than one language. Although important insights have been gained from a monolingual focus, there is every reason to believe that bi- and multilingual data can inform linguistic theory. A lot of ongoing work demonstrates that this is indeed the case, and the current volume contributes to this growing literature. Thus, the research topic addresses a number of questions relating to grammatical structures in multilingual speakers as well as the methodological issues that arise in the context of studying such speakers. A better understanding of the grammatical sides of multilingualism is crucial for understanding the human language capacity and in turn for offering better advice to the public concerning issues of language choice for multilingual children and adults, education, and language deficits in multilingual individuals.
Author: Sandra Jansen Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company ISBN: 9027262101 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 273
Book Description
The present volume brings together leading scholars studying language change from a variety of sociolinguistic perspectives, complementing and enriching the existing literature by providing readers with a kaleidoscopic perspective of aspects of change in English from around 1700 until the present day. The volume presents a collection of in-depth studies on a broad spectrum of phonetic, lexical, grammatical and discourse variation, drawing on historical corpora, dictionaries, metalinguistic commentary, ego-documents, spoken language and survey data. Apart from advancing our knowledge of processes of language change in varieties of English, including British English, Irish English, Australian English, South African English, American English and Canadian English, the individual chapters contribute to the theoretical debates on variation and change in Late Modern as well as Present-day English.
Author: Elina Tochilnikova Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1000191702 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
Through comparative historical research, this book offers a novel theory explaining the emergence of boredom in modernity. Presenting a Durkheimian topology of cross-cultural boredom, it grounds the sociological cause of boredom in anomie and the perception of time, compares its development through case studies in Anglo and Russian society, and explains its minimal presence outside of the West. By way of illustrative examples, it includes archetypes of boredom in literature, art, film, and music, with a focus on the death of traditional art, and boredom in politics, including strategies enacted by Queer intellectuals. The author argues that boredom often results from the absence of a strong commitment to engaging with society, and extends Durkheim’s theory of suicide to boredom in order to consider whether an imbalance between social regulation and integration results in boredom. The first book to scientifically explain the historical emergence and epidemic of boredom while engaging with cutting edge political debates, Towards a General Theory of Boredom will appeal to scholars across the social sciences with interests in social theory, social psychology, and sociology.
Author: Joshua A. Fishman Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG ISBN: 3111417506 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 420
Book Description
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SOCIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE brings to students, researchers and practitioners in all of the social and language-related sciences carefully selected book-length publications dealing with sociolinguistic theory, methods, findings and applications. It approaches the study of language in society in its broadest sense, as a truly international and interdisciplinary field in which various approaches, theoretical and empirical, supplement and complement each other. The series invites the attention of linguists, language teachers of all interests, sociologists, political scientists, anthropologists, historians etc. to the development of the sociology of language.
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Author: Gianfranco Minati
Author: Katharina Reiss
Author: Joshua R. Brown
Author: Joshua R. Brown
Author: Artemis Alexiadou
Author: Sandra Jansen
Author: Robert Bayley
Author: Elina Tochilnikova
Author: Joshua A. Fishman