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Author: James S. Goodenberger Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 154
Book Description
This dissertation considers questions about the economics of resources exhibiting spatial-dynamic transition processes, specifically, invasive species and wildfires. These topics are increasingly important due to their large damage potentials and the increasing management budgets by governments, but the economics literature has only recently begun to incorporate both space and time into its analysis. The three essays in this manuscript tackle problems using empirics and numerical modelling in order to continue to expand the economic understanding of spatial-dynamic processes. The first chapter empirically analyzes the decision of land developers to build single family homes near lakes invaded with Eurasian watermilfoil, an aquatic invasive plant. A duration model of land conversion is utilized to discover the change in likelihood that a single-family housing unit will be developed after the arrival of Eurasian watermilfoil. The results show a significant decrease in the likelihood that both lakefront and near lake properties will be developed into homes following a Eurasian watermilfoil invasion. This is shown to have a sizable impact on the number of houses constructed near invaded lakes and suggests that uninvaded lakes are most likely being overdeveloped. The second chapter develops a spatial-dynamic model of the optimal control of a general invasive species which is actively spreading throughout a landscape. Along with explicitly allowing the invasion to spread over space, this model permits the population to grow in intensity as well. It is discovered that optimal intensities of invasion vary over space and that ignoring the natural heterogeneity in the landscape leads to suboptimal management decisions. The inefficiency of these decision is shown to increase as the heterogeneity in ecological carrying capacity increases. The model is then applied to the Asian cap invasion in the Mississippi River basin and shows that the current strategy of preventing Asian carp from entering the Great Lakes may be optimal. Overall, this project showcases the importance of recognizing spatial heterogeneity in ecological carrying capacities along with delivering strong evidence that control efforts need to be spatially targeted to most efficiently manage a spreading invasive species. Finally, the third chapter considers the fact that some spatial-dynamic processes, like wildfires, spread at different rates across landscapes that contain a variety of economically valued patches. Spread rates effect the costs of management, while the values of different properties influence the damages associated with a burn. This chapter incorporates these complexities into a spatial-dynamic model of optimal wildfire management and finds efficient solutions for controlling multifaceted fire scenarios. Suppression of wildfires is shown to be more likely in areas where the economic values are spatially clustered, thereby allowing a minimum amount of control to have the maximum benefit. It is also shown that spatial location with respect to the initial ignition location is important in determining optimal control strategies in heterogeneous spread scenarios.
Author: James S. Goodenberger Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 154
Book Description
This dissertation considers questions about the economics of resources exhibiting spatial-dynamic transition processes, specifically, invasive species and wildfires. These topics are increasingly important due to their large damage potentials and the increasing management budgets by governments, but the economics literature has only recently begun to incorporate both space and time into its analysis. The three essays in this manuscript tackle problems using empirics and numerical modelling in order to continue to expand the economic understanding of spatial-dynamic processes. The first chapter empirically analyzes the decision of land developers to build single family homes near lakes invaded with Eurasian watermilfoil, an aquatic invasive plant. A duration model of land conversion is utilized to discover the change in likelihood that a single-family housing unit will be developed after the arrival of Eurasian watermilfoil. The results show a significant decrease in the likelihood that both lakefront and near lake properties will be developed into homes following a Eurasian watermilfoil invasion. This is shown to have a sizable impact on the number of houses constructed near invaded lakes and suggests that uninvaded lakes are most likely being overdeveloped. The second chapter develops a spatial-dynamic model of the optimal control of a general invasive species which is actively spreading throughout a landscape. Along with explicitly allowing the invasion to spread over space, this model permits the population to grow in intensity as well. It is discovered that optimal intensities of invasion vary over space and that ignoring the natural heterogeneity in the landscape leads to suboptimal management decisions. The inefficiency of these decision is shown to increase as the heterogeneity in ecological carrying capacity increases. The model is then applied to the Asian cap invasion in the Mississippi River basin and shows that the current strategy of preventing Asian carp from entering the Great Lakes may be optimal. Overall, this project showcases the importance of recognizing spatial heterogeneity in ecological carrying capacities along with delivering strong evidence that control efforts need to be spatially targeted to most efficiently manage a spreading invasive species. Finally, the third chapter considers the fact that some spatial-dynamic processes, like wildfires, spread at different rates across landscapes that contain a variety of economically valued patches. Spread rates effect the costs of management, while the values of different properties influence the damages associated with a burn. This chapter incorporates these complexities into a spatial-dynamic model of optimal wildfire management and finds efficient solutions for controlling multifaceted fire scenarios. Suppression of wildfires is shown to be more likely in areas where the economic values are spatially clustered, thereby allowing a minimum amount of control to have the maximum benefit. It is also shown that spatial location with respect to the initial ignition location is important in determining optimal control strategies in heterogeneous spread scenarios.
Author: Rediscovering Geography Committee Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309577624 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
As political, economic, and environmental issues increasingly spread across the globe, the science of geography is being rediscovered by scientists, policymakers, and educators alike. Geography has been made a core subject in U.S. schools, and scientists from a variety of disciplines are using analytical tools originally developed by geographers. Rediscovering Geography presents a broad overview of geography's renewed importance in a changing world. Through discussions and highlighted case studies, this book illustrates geography's impact on international trade, environmental change, population growth, information infrastructure, the condition of cities, the spread of AIDS, and much more. The committee examines some of the more significant tools for data collection, storage, analysis, and display, with examples of major contributions made by geographers. Rediscovering Geography provides a blueprint for the future of the discipline, recommending how to strengthen its intellectual and institutional foundation and meet the demand for geographic expertise among professionals and the public.
Author: Philip Cooke Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 100038781X Category : Architecture Languages : en Pages : 316
Book Description
Today, the world is in the most serious turmoil it has experienced for many centuries. These multiple crises arise from the fundamental mistreatment by capitalist competition of the carrying capacity of the planet. Even before coronavirus, evidently morbid symptoms of over-development led many spatial planners to write of the threat of a new Dark Age. Many advocated a return to policy decentralisation as the Covid-19 crisis demonstrated once again the failure of ‘global controller’ mindsets to manage complex systems successfully. Dislocation: Awkward Spatial Transitions is a critical exploration of where spatial development processes and rules have gone wrong across many economies. The chapters lay out which mindsets have been responsible for this and gives pointers to new practices that aim to ameliorate the effects of past failings. In the first nine chapters, a mapping of key elements of the prevailing omni-crisis are summarised. These range from an exegesis of the Anthropocene, the rise of populism, the transition to neoliberalist anti-planning, and migration as planning issues with pleas for evolutionary change in spatial policy and process dynamics. Finally, a group of chapters explores the flailing as territorial governances tried to plot the rise of creative cities, 4.0 era industry and services, and in the built form, the role of 'starchitects' in city renewal. In the last part, attention is devoted to territorial innovation, knowledge recombination, sustainable mobility and, finally, green entrepreneurship, as necessary elements of a post-coronavirus, climate change mitigation and sustainable mobility set of survival strategies. The chapters in this book were originally published in the journal European Planning Studies.
Author: Yiyong Cai Publisher: ISBN: Category : Climatic changes Languages : en Pages : 202
Book Description
This thesis is a collection of essays on theories of economic growth, resource development and climate change. The first essay (Chapter 2) studies the fundamental dynamic properties of stochastic optimal growth models with capital and elastic labour supply. It provides conditions on the primitives of the model under which the optimal policy functions are existent, unique, continuous and monotone. Second, it provides conditions under which the distribution of income converges to a unique invariant probability measure independent of initial income. It also studies when the law of large numbers and central limit theorem hold for functions of income, investment and labour. The second essay (Chapter 3) develops a theoretical model to study the resource curse. In a general equilibrium framework, it relates poor economic performance to the existence of social fractionalisation, market frictions and resource-related conflicts. When resources are monopolised by the elite, exports lead to the under-provision of public resource goods for domestic production. This lowers the marginal return to productive activities, and consequently, insurgency emerges as the civilians' default activity. The resultant conflicts further displace resources and labour, and bring the economy into a vicious cycle. The third essay (Chapter 4) proposes a non-probabilistic approach to the analysis of international climate policies. It argues that issues associated with climate change are historically unprecedented, and thus policymakers do not have a prior distribution over possible outcomes. Therefore, the theoretical framework based on maximising expected utility is not well defined. Under the alternative assumption that policymakers act strategically, but choose the policy that allows the highest possible gain in the worst-case scenario, this essay shows how multilateralism can be inferior to unilateralism in both carbon mitigation and loss minimisation. Hence, it is not appropriate to judge the success of global climate talks in terms of country engagement and reduction commitment. -- provided by Candidate.
Author: Yuta Suzuki Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Older people are less mobile than young people are. Population aging thus means more people would be trapped in locations affected by a shock, preventing the economy from smoothing out spatial differences in labor market outcomes. However, the existence of a large share of immobile workers may mitigate their welfare effects by delaying the capital supply adjustment that would be caused by a flow of workers. In order to study how population aging affects the welfare effects of a local shock, I develop a dynamic spatial specific-factor model with demographics that change dynamically depending on fertility rates. Individuals decide where to live and whether to work. Their choices vary over the life cycle because the expected working lifetime and fundamentals (e.g., mobility costs) vary with demographic factors. Hence, aggregate labor adjustment depends on the economy's age structure. Forward-looking landlords accumulate location-specific capital, and the dynamics of labor and capital interact with each other. I apply the model to Japan and find that population aging can mitigate the welfare loss of workers in a location affected by a negative shock.
Author: James S. Goodenberger
Author: James S. Goodenberger
Author: Ashley Elaine Hungerford
Author: James E. Wilen
Author: Rediscovering Geography Committee
Author: Philip Cooke
Author: Yiyong Cai
Author: Garth Heutel
Author: Yuta Suzuki
Author: 
Author: William Redford Alves