Three Essays on the Relationship Between the Banking Sector, the Real Sector, and the Political Environment PDF Download

Author: Woocheon Jeong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Banks and banking
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Gerald A. Epstein
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1783472642
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 391

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The many forces that led to the economic crisis of 2008 were in fact identified, analyzed and warned against for many years before the crisis by economist Jane D�Arista, among others. Now, writing in the tradition of D�Arista's extensive work, the

Author: Martin Shubik
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262693110
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 472

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This first volume in a three-volume exposition of Shubik's vision of "mathematical institutional economics" explores a one-period approach to economic exchange with money, debt, and bankruptcy. This is the first volume in a three-volume exposition of Martin Shubik's vision of "mathematical institutional economics"--a term he coined in 1959 to describe the theoretical underpinnings needed for the construction of an economic dynamics. The goal is to develop a process-oriented theory of money and financial institutions that reconciles micro- and macroeconomics, using as a prime tool the theory of games in strategic and extensive form. The approach involves a search for minimal financial institutions that appear as a logical, technological, and institutional necessity, as part of the "rules of the game." Money and financial institutions are assumed to be the basic elements of the network that transmits the sociopolitical imperatives to the economy. Volume 1 deals with a one-period approach to economic exchange with money, debt, and bankruptcy. Volume 2 explores the new economic features that arise when we consider multi-period finite and infinite horizon economies. Volume 3 will consider the specific role of financial institutions and government, and formulate the economic financial control problem linking micro- and macroeconomics.

Author: Tirupam Goel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 125

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The broad goal of this dissertation is to further our understanding of the relationship between real and financial sectors of an economy, to identify inefficiencies in financial sector intermediation, and to design financial regulation policies that can address these inefficiencies. The three chapters of this dissertation contribute to specific aspects of the above goal. In the first chapter, I develop a general equilibrium macroeconomic model with a dynamic banking sector in order to characterize optimal size-dependent bank leverage regulation. Bank leverage choices are subject to the risk-return trade-off, and are inefficient due to financial frictions. I show that leverage regulation can generate welfare gains, and that optimal regulation is tighter relative to the benchmark and is bank-size dependent. In particular, optimal regulation is tighter for large banks relative to small banks, and it leads to the following welfare generating effects. First, as small banks take more leverage, they grow faster conditional on survival, leading to a selection effect. Second, small bank failures are less costly while entrants have higher relative efficiency, leading to a cleansing effect. Third, tighter regulation for large banks reduces their failure rate, which generates welfare since large banks are more efficient and costlier to replace, leading to a stabilization effect. The calibrated model rationalizes various steady state moments of the US banking industry, and points towards qualitatively similar but quantitatively tighter leverage regulation relative to the proposition in Basel III accords. In the second chapter, I study the financial contagion problem when banks in order to hedge against idiosyncratic shocks, engage in two-dimensional as opposed to one-dimensional interactions with other banks. To this end, I develop a double-edge interbank network model where banks engage in debt contract and securitization transactions with other banks. I show that the standard intuition of financial contagion does not translate from the one-dimensional case to the two-dimensional case i.e. financial contagion can either weaken or worsen depending on the network and parameter configuration. In particular, I derive parametrization for the case where financial contagion worsens. In the third chapter, we investigate whether countercyclical capital-ratio regulation (CCR) should be implemented strictly as a rule, or whether regulators should have discretion with respect to the timing and magnitude of changes in capital-ratio requirement. Using a simple model we prove the proposition that under information asymmetry, discretionary CCR leads to an increase in policy uncertainty relative to rule-based CCR. We prove a similar proposition for a general finite-horizon economy. Finally, we document that since discretionary CCR enables the regulator to respond to unexpected shocks, a benevolent regulator faces the welfare trade-off while choosing between rule-based and discretionary CCR.

Author: David Lindequist
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 131

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This thesis consists of three self-contained articles. In the first article "The Common Currency Channel of Risk Sharing", I propose a new channel of international risk sharing: the common currency channel. I show theoretically that the central bank of a currency union can use the common currency to insure member countries against consumption risk from idiosyncratic productivity shocks. A trade-off between risk-sharing and moral hazard emerges: a central bank which enables risk sharing induces countries to free ride on each other's production efforts. I study this trade-off and derive rules for a central bank striking the optimal balance between insurance and incentives. Monetary policy determines current account imbalances that are financed through the central bank. Optimal policy is contingent on the realization of aggregate production. The central bank should lower its policy rate in response to a decrease in aggregate production to provide insurance through the common currency. Revisiting European Central Bank policies during the Eurocrisis between 2008 and 2014, I interpret the buildup of TARGET2 balances as risk sharing through the common currency. I find that this channel accounts for up to 60% of risk sharing among Eurozone countries in the early stages of the Eurocrisis. I conclude that the common currency can be a substitute for risk sharing through fiscal integration. The second article "Riding the Cycle" (joint work with Christoph Wolf) studies the interplay between the business cycle and financial contracting. If the success probability of an investment project is increasing in both the business cycle state and the borrower's effort, then the borrower can free-ride on the cycle. In a model of financial contracting with moral hazard, we show that this free-riding generates procyclical agency costs. The overall effect of business cycle conditions on credit availability depends on how changes in agency costs compare to cycle-induced changes in the net present value of investment projects. In a dynamic extension, we endogenize the business cycle as a function of the output realized through past credit contracts. The dynamic economy has a unique stable steady state. If agency frictions in the economy are sufficiently strong, a small shock to the business cycle can cause the economy to fluctuate between business cycle ups and downs. The cycles are induced by the interplay of the negative agency cost effects and the positive output effects of the business cycle. Our theory sheds new light upon the observed patterns of secured and unsecured credit in U. S. data from 1981 to 2012. The third article "Diversity Taxes" (joint work with Saumya Deojain) studies how social conflict generated through cultural diversity affects public policy. In our model, social conflict arises when diverse groups impose negative consumption externalities on each other. These externalities can be mitigated by a government which transforms cultural consumption into public good consumption. We show that in such a framework, 'diversity taxes' arise as a policy tool to regulate the externalities from the cultural consumption of diverse groups. We link the size of such taxes to characteristics of the underlying distribution of cultural groups as well as to the type of government (majority and minority). In contrast to much of the literature, our analysis predicts that more diverse communities have a bigger government size as measured by local taxes per capita. Using U. S. city and county data from 1990, we are able to verify this prediction. We find strong evidence for the existence of sizeable 'diversity taxes' in U. S. localities after controlling for a variety of socioeconomic and demographic indicators. We further document statistically significant relationships between characteristics of the group size distribution and local taxes per capita which are in line with our hypothesized link between cultural diversity, negative externalities, and taxation.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309452961
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 583

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In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Author: Adolfo Figueroa
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031210727
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 301

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This book contains another set of essays dealing with the fundamental economic problems of our time: inequality, environment degradation, and social disorder, which are analyzed in light of the unified theory of capitalism. This theory is a scientific endeavor that seeks to explain the capitalist system taken by parts and then taken as a whole, as a unified theory. By parts, the theory analyzes the First World and the Third World and also the short run, long run, and very long run economic processes, showing why and how economic growth has led to a new epoch, with ecological equilibrium disruption, known as the Anthropocene Age. The empirical predictions of the theory are proven to be consistent with the available facts. Therefore, the theory can be accepted as a good representation of the real-world capitalism; moreover, its derived causality relations become inputs for the debate on the needed science-based policies for the new age. Indeed, this book proposes structural policies to change the way capitalism operates, through changes in its basic institutions, mainly the electoral democracy, which would certainly imply a re-foundation of the capitalist system.

Author: Mohamed Ali
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 612

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Author: International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1498324029
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 109

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The October 2019 Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) identifies the current key vulnerabilities in the global financial system as the rise in corporate debt burdens, increasing holdings of riskier and more illiquid assets by institutional investors, and growing reliance on external borrowing by emerging and frontier market economies. The report proposes that policymakers mitigate these risks through stricter supervisory and macroprudential oversight of firms, strengthened oversight and disclosure for institutional investors, and the implementation of prudent sovereign debt management practices and frameworks for emerging and frontier market economies.