Author: Alejandra Cox EdwardsPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Developing countries
Languages : en
Pages : 336
Book Description
Three Essays on Labor Markets in Developing Countries
Author: Alejandra Cox EdwardsPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Developing countries
Languages : en
Pages : 336
Book Description
Labor and Capital Markets in Developing Countries
Author: Pradeep AgrawalPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Capital market
Languages : en
Pages : 306
Book Description
Essays on Labor Markets in Developing Countries
Author: Norihiko MatsudaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
My dissertation consists of three chapters. The first chapter examines social networks in labor markets. While existing theories such as models of screening and peer effects imply that social networks improve job match quality, these theories do not well explain the stylized fact, which we call negative selection---workers and employers with lower socio-economic status use social networks more frequently. By proposing an equilibrium search model, we show that social networks create mismatched jobs in the context where negative selection occurs. Our model sheds light on a neglected aspect of social networks: they help to match, but not necessarily with good-match partners. In the presence of search frictions, workers and firms can be tempted by bad-match encounters through social networks. This temptation is stronger for less productive, poorer workers and firms because costly formal channels are less rewarding for them. Using linked employer-employee data in Bangladesh, we find that matching through social networks rather than formal channels results in mismatches. This chapter demonstrates that while social networks compensate for search frictions in formal labor markets by matching more workers and jobs, their match quality is low. The second chapter evaluates the effects of social security benefits on labor supply. The benefits can reduce labor supply through two channels: current benefits and expectations over future benefits. I develop a framework to jointly estimate both channels and apply it to the South African pension program, which lowered the male eligible age in 2008 to 2010. I find the anticipatory effect of future benefits to be considerable: it accounts for nearly 60 percent of the labor force contraction caused by the lowering of the eligible age. Moreover, the framework identifies binding liquidity constraints faced by nearly-age-eligible people. The third chapter examines spillover effects of the South African Old-Age Pension Program on employment choices of recipients' children. By exploiting quasi-experimental variations in eligibility, the empirical results show that prime-age children leave the labor force if their fathers receive pension benefits. I find suggestive evidence that they leave the labor force to receive education and training. I also find suggestive evidence that the benefits allow prime-age individuals to look for jobs for longer duration. These findings imply that the program does not discourage work but help prime-age individuals move to more productive jobs.
Three Essays on Labor Markets of South Asian Countries
Author: Mrittika ShamsuddinPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 202
Book Description
South Asia has been experiencing robust economic growth of about 6% over the last decade. However, it is also the home to about 44% of the world's poor. About 571 million people of the region live under $1.25 a day. About 80% of its labor force works in the informal sector with low skill and low earnings. It has the largest working age population (56%) and the lowest female labor force participation (18%). It is also the largest sender of emigrants to the world. In order to promote sustainable and inclusive growth, South Asia needs to find productive employment for its key assets, which are its people. The governments of South Asian countries have taken many initiatives in this regard including education programs like the female secondary school stipend program, employment programs like the food for work and the employment generation for the poor and demand side interventions like enhancing firm's access to electricity through subsidy. This dissertation looks into the labor market effects of two such programs and whether international migration is an economically advantageous
Three Essays on Labor Markets
Author: Yao YaoEssays on Labor Market Changes and Individual Outcomes in Developing Countries
Author: Rashesh ShresthaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
This dissertation is comprised of three self-contained empirical chapters, each exploring how individuals in developing countries navigate their labor markets. In my first chapter, I study the impact of a migration boom on investment in education by Nepalese youths. I find that opportunities to migrate have had a negative impact on attainment of education, which calls attention of policy-makers to design programs that incentive schooling. In the second chapter, I study the value of political connections to labor market outcomes. I find evidence of additional human capital investment and improved labor market outcomes due to political connections. In the third chapter, I compare the earnings growth of individuals in Indonesia who remained in formal employment (salaried workers employed in firms with five or more workers) and those who switched into non-formal jobs. The research indicates that slow job creation had a significant impact on the welfare displaced workers. Each of these chapters deals with an aspect of the labor market that is common across many developing countries. Changing economic incentives, political contexts, and globalization all contribute to individual decisions and outcomes that have consequences for welfare in poor countries. By better understanding the relationship between the characteristics of the labor markets and individual decisions and outcomes, we can hope to develop policies that maximize the ability of developing countries' labor markets to facilitate the process of economic development.
Essays on Labor Market Changes and Individual Outcomes in Developing Countries
Author: Rashesh ShresthaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 230
Book Description
This dissertation is comprised of three self-contained empirical chapters, each exploring how individuals in developing countries navigate their labor markets. In my first chapter, I study the impact of a migration boom on investment in education by Nepalese youths. I find that opportunities to migrate have had a negative impact on attainment of education, which calls attention of policy-makers to design programs that incentive schooling. In the second chapter, I study the value of political connections to labor market outcomes. I find evidence of additional human capital investment and improved labor market outcomes due to political connections. In the third chapter, I compare the earnings growth of individuals in Indonesia who remained in formal employment (salaried workers employed in firms with five or more workers) and those who switched into non-formal jobs. The research indicates that slow job creation had a significant impact on the welfare displaced workers. Each of these chapters deals with an aspect of the labor market that is common across many developing countries. Changing economic incentives, political contexts, and globalization all contribute to individual decisions and outcomes that have consequences for welfare in poor countries. By better understanding the relationship between the characteristics of the labor markets and individual decisions and outcomes, we can hope to develop policies that maximize the ability of developing countries' labor markets to facilitate the process of economic development.
Three Essays on Education and Female Labor Market Outcomes in Developing Countries
Author: Hanbyul RyuPublisher:
ISBN: 9781085793117
Category : Econometric models
Languages : en
Pages : 20
Book Description
In the third chapter of my dissertation, I examine the effect of the Zika virus outbreak in Brazil on fertility and female labor market outcomes. The Zika virus outbreak provided strong motivation to delay pregnancy as the Zika virus infection can cause serious birth defects like microcephaly. However, due to the high frequency of unintended pregnancy in developing countries including Brazil, determining whether women indeed delayed pregnancy was not certain. Using the variation of suspected microcephaly cases across states, I find that more suspected microcephaly cases provided incentives for women to delay pregnancy. This trend was more pronounced among younger and more educated women. Despite the fertility decline, my findings provide little evidence that female labor market outcomes were altered by the outbreak of the Zika virus.
Essays on Labor Markets and Income Inequality in Less Developed Countries
Author: Ariel FiszbeinEssays on Labor Markets in Developing Countries
Author: Zehra Bilgen SusanliPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Labor economics
Languages : en
Pages : 256
Book Description
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