Three Essays on Investments and Corporate Finance PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Three Essays on Investments and Corporate Finance PDF full book. Access full book title Three Essays on Investments and Corporate Finance by Marc Antony Via. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Marc Antony Via Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 207
Book Description
This dissertation consists of three essays on investments and corporate finance. The first essay is an investment article focused on factors affecting market makers in the trading of securities, the second essay is a corporate finance article which empirically tests theories of what factors motivate executives to innovate, while the third essay is a corporate finance article which empirically tests theories of why returns are higher in firms with high organization capital investments. For the first essay, I evaluate the shift in the duration of legal insider trading and asymmetric information after Sarbanes Oxley, and find that market makers can identify asymmetric trading via the PIN measure and abnormal volumes and adjust spreads accordingly. This study is the first to consider the duration and accuracy of asymmetric trading and their effects on bid ask spreads. The second essay considers executive incentives to innovate based on firm governance and compensation policies. Basically it seeks to empirically test the theoretical predictions of Manso (2011). Manso theorizes that the individual choice of management to innovate is motivated by a firm tolerance for early failure, as innovations often struggle along their development paths. Ultimately, I find empirical support for many of the predictions of Manso. The third essay addresses how the threat of talented employee departure from firms affects firm risk. Eisfeldt and Papanikoloau (2013) introduced the idea that the threat of the loss of key talent may increase risk for firms with high levels of organization capital. However, they do not provide direct evidence that this risk increase is due to this employment threat, and other literature has suggested that SG & A risk is from management inability or unwillingness to reduce costs. I add to this debate by testing the movement of inventors between firms, and find strong support for the theories of Eisfeldt and Papanikolaou (2013).
Author: Marc Antony Via Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 207
Book Description
This dissertation consists of three essays on investments and corporate finance. The first essay is an investment article focused on factors affecting market makers in the trading of securities, the second essay is a corporate finance article which empirically tests theories of what factors motivate executives to innovate, while the third essay is a corporate finance article which empirically tests theories of why returns are higher in firms with high organization capital investments. For the first essay, I evaluate the shift in the duration of legal insider trading and asymmetric information after Sarbanes Oxley, and find that market makers can identify asymmetric trading via the PIN measure and abnormal volumes and adjust spreads accordingly. This study is the first to consider the duration and accuracy of asymmetric trading and their effects on bid ask spreads. The second essay considers executive incentives to innovate based on firm governance and compensation policies. Basically it seeks to empirically test the theoretical predictions of Manso (2011). Manso theorizes that the individual choice of management to innovate is motivated by a firm tolerance for early failure, as innovations often struggle along their development paths. Ultimately, I find empirical support for many of the predictions of Manso. The third essay addresses how the threat of talented employee departure from firms affects firm risk. Eisfeldt and Papanikoloau (2013) introduced the idea that the threat of the loss of key talent may increase risk for firms with high levels of organization capital. However, they do not provide direct evidence that this risk increase is due to this employment threat, and other literature has suggested that SG & A risk is from management inability or unwillingness to reduce costs. I add to this debate by testing the movement of inventors between firms, and find strong support for the theories of Eisfeldt and Papanikolaou (2013).
Author: Poorya Kabir Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This dissertation presents three essays in empirical corporate finance. The essays discuss how financial markets affect the real economy. The first essay studies how a change in credit supply affects firms' decisions to create new products or destroy the existing ones. It provides reduced form causal evidence that a reduction in credit supply reduces product creation substantially. The second essay studies the effect of less product creation on consumer welfare. I find that the effect on consumer welfare is smaller relative to a "naive" interpretation of the reduced form estimate, due to equilibrium responses. The third essay studies how financially constrained firms reduce total investment costs. It provides suggestive evidence that when reducing total investment cost, they do so by lowering the expansion of output capacity and choosing cheaper investment options.
Author: Jeffrey Bevelander Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 155
Book Description
(Cont.) I argue that this is evidence that managers' perceived cost of capital is inversely related with the average stock market valuation of firms. Chapter 3 examines the economic role of the proceeds of equity offerings. I find that large equity issuers primarily use the proceeds from their offerings to invest in liquid assets. On average, large equity issuers do not draw down on these reserves to fund real investment in subsequent years. Instead, the proceeds provide issuers with cash reserves that allow them to remain liquid during periods of rapid and uncertain growth.
Author: Yan Wang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
"This dissertation consists of three essays. The first essay provides a systematic way to distinguish informed institutional trades from uninformed ones based on the relation between institutional trades and sequential public information. By studying actively managed U.S. institutions from 1994 to 2010, I show that institutional trades initiated by managers responding proactively to upcoming informational signals strongly predict future stock returns. A hedging portfolio based on these trades generates an average risk-adjusted abnormal return of approximately 3% per quarter. The predictability is more pronounced for stocks with higher information asymmetry, such as those of firms with high volatility and young age. I also find that the most informed institutional traders are likely to have short-term investment horizon, large block holdings, high industry portfolio concentrations, as well as reside in financial centers. My results indicate that the informedness of certain institutional investor groups is substantially reduced after Regulation FD. The second essay examines the product market impact of minority stake acquisitions. We show that partial equity ownership between rival firms has a significant impact on industry competition. Industry-level tests indicate that acquisitions of a minority stake in competing firms' equity are followed by higher output prices and higher price-cost margins, particularly in industries with high barriers to entry. Stock-price reactions of non-participating competitors of the acquirer and target are positive while announcement returns of customer firms are negative. Moreover, the positive (negative) stock-price reaction of competitors (customers) is more pronounced when the acquirer and target are larger firms with greater market share. These results indicate that equity ownership of rival firms dampens competition in an industry.The third essay examines whether foreign firms by listing on or delisting from regular U.S. stock exchanges affect their U.S. counterparts. We find that they do - negatively for listings and positively for delistings, - and the impact is especially profound for the listing events. The U.S. counterparts of foreign firms belonging to the same industry experience severe underperformance in the short- and long-run across a variety of financial and accounting performance metrics, such as firm returns as well as growth in sales, profits, total assets, and capital expenditures. For example, the average 60-day cumulative abnormal return of U.S. firms around the foreign listing date is negative 2%, while the 36-month post-listing return is negative 4.3%. This result is present among listings with and without U.S. equity issuance. In addition, incumbent U.S. firms experience changes in their financing policies and a reduction in analyst coverage following listings of competing foreign firms in the U.S. Our findings therefore highlight an important role of international markets in influencing U.S. firms and markets. " --
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
(Cont.) I argue that this is evidence that managers' perceived cost of capital is inversely related with the average stock market valuation of firms. Chapter 3 examines the economic role of the proceeds of equity offerings. I find that large equity issuers primarily use the proceeds from their offerings to invest in liquid assets. On average, large equity issuers do not draw down on these reserves to fund real investment in subsequent years. Instead, the proceeds provide issuers with cash reserves that allow them to remain liquid during periods of rapid and uncertain growth.
Author: Hongchao Zeng Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 118
Book Description
This dissertation contains three essays in corporate finance. In the first essay, using the presence of business combination (BC) laws to proxy for the monitoring strength of the takeover market, we examine how an active takeover market affects the level and valuation of corporate cash holdings. After accounting for potential endogeneity of state incorporation, we find that firms incorporated in states without BC laws hold significantly more cash than those incorporated in states with BC laws. We also find that the value of cash holdings used by firms to defend themselves against unwanted takeovers in the presence of an active takeover market is not discounted by investors. Our findings suggest a substitution effect between legal antitakeover protection and firms' use of cash protection. However, there is no evidence that these cash holdings lead to value destruction. Firms may use corporate payouts to signal internal governance quality and avoid a market discount placed on cash holdings. In the second essay, using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), the industry price-cost margin, the number of firms within an industry, and the level of import penetration to gauge the intensity of product market competition, we find that the speed of capital structure adjustment for firms in competitive industries is significantly faster than for firms in non-competitive industries. Further analysis reveals that this effect is driven solely by the capital structure movements of over-levered firms. While over-levered firms in competitive industries face higher levels of investment needs relative to those in non-competitive industries, they are significantly less likely to use debt financing and to deliberately deviate from target. In the third essay, we find that cash has a negative impact on the future market share growth of the old firms, evidence that can better explain the unwillingness of such firms to hold precautionary cash as they face increasingly more volatile cash flows in an imperfect capital market. Furthermore, we show that the relational strength between cash and product market performance evolves in a way that reflects a changing composition of manufacturing firms which progressively tilts toward young firms.
Author: Tareque Nasser Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 216
Book Description
This dissertation contains three distinct essays in the broad area of corporate finance. The first two essays examine the role of an independent director who is also a blockholder (IDB), a potent governance mechanism, on executive compensation, and corporate financial and investment policies, respectively. The last essay examines insider trading in takeover targets. The first essay examines three issues. First, we investigate the determinants of an IDB's presence in a firm. Second, we examine the relations between IDB presence and (1) the level and structure of CEO compensation, and (2) CEO turnover-performance sensitivity. Third, we analyze if IDB presence is related to firm valuation. Our findings suggest that the presence of an independent blockholder on the board promotes better incentives and monitoring of the CEO, and consequently leads to higher firm valuation. In the second essay, we examine how the presence of an IDB affects: (1) four key financial and investment policy choices of a firm: the levels of cash holdings, dividends, investments and financial leverage, and (2) firm risk. We also examine how the market values IDB presence and changes in various policy choices associated with IDB presence in a firm. We find that firms with IDBs have significantly lower levels of cash holdings, dividend yields, repurchases, and total payout, but higher levels of capital expenditures. We also find that firms with IDBs have lower risk. Overall, IDB presence appears to reduce agency problems between managers and shareholders. The third essay brings large-sample evidence on whether the level and pattern of profitable insider trading before takeover announcements is abnormal for a broad cross-section of targets of takeovers during modern times. We find an interesting and subtle pattern in the average pre-takeover trading behavior of target insiders. While insiders reduce both their purchases and sales below normal levels, their sales reduce more than purchases, leading to an increase in net purchases. This pattern of 'passive' insider trading is confined to the six-month period before takeover announcement, holds for each insider group, for all measures of net purchases examined, and in certain sub-samples with less uncertainty about takeover completion.
Author: Chang Jie Hu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
"The core of the thesis includes three essays in empirical corporate finance. The first essay examines the relation between mandatory disclosure behavior and legal accountability. In this study, we treat the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002 as a regulatory event that increases the legal accountability of top executives and compute the filing tones for a large sample of Forms 10-Q and 10-K filings between 1994 and 2017 using textual analysis. We document that the changes in filing tones contain substantial information that is reflected promptly in the capital market. We also show that a structural break exists in the distribution of filing tones around SOX. Firms use a more negative tone in their quarterly mandatory disclosure after SOX. Interestingly, investors exhibit a stronger reaction to per unit change of filing tones during the post-SOX era and we show that changes in investors’ reactions are not merely driven by the systematic changes in tone distribution after SOX. We also document that filing tones are determined by common performance measures, but such relation is weakened after SOX. The second essay studies the impact of the exit of Venture Capitalists (VCs) on innovation by comparing VC backed IPO firms with the non-VC backed. VCs play a significant role in bringing new ventures public by providing financing and consistent monitoring. Prior literature has established mostly a positive correlation between VCs and firm innovation because VCs may preselect more innovative firms to begin with. This study hopes to provide evidence on causal inference with reasonable assumptions from a “reverse treatment” perspective by examining the change in innovation when VCs exit. We treat the initial public offering (IPO) as a proxy for VC’s exit since most VCs exit shortly after IPO due to their limited investment horizon. Using a difference-in-differences framework, we find that VC-backed firms experience a greater drop in Research and Development (R&D) intensity after IPO-exits when compared to those non-VC backed. The third essay revisits the long-debated relation between market competition and firm innovation. While traditionally competition is measured at the industry level with historical data, our study utilizes two new text-based measures of competitive threats developed by Hoberg et al. (2014) and Li et al. (2013) which are both firm-specific and forward-looking. We address the potential endogeneity concerns using instrumental variables along with the propensity score matching of firms that experience an exogenous shock from import competition with those that do not. Our results show that an increase in competition unambiguously promotes firm innovation"--
Author: Marc Antony Via
Author: Marc Antony Via
Author: Jiekun Huang
Author: Poorya Kabir
Author: Jeffrey Bevelander
Author: Abdulaziz Alomran
Author: Yan Wang
Author: 
Author: Hongchao Zeng
Author: Tareque Nasser
Author: Chang Jie Hu