Three Essays on Heterogeneity in Macroeconomics PDF Download

Author: Mohamed Diaby
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Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Ryan Douglas Edwards
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Languages : en
Pages : 352

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Author: Roberta Distante
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Languages : en
Pages : 133

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Author: Sergio Samuel Urzua Soza
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ISBN: 9780549020691
Category : Economics, Mathematical
Languages : en
Pages : 562

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*This dissertation is a compound document (contains both a paper copy and a CD as part of the dissertation). The CD requires the following system requirements: Adobe Acrobat.

Author: Ying Tung Chan
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Languages : en
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"This thesis extends the macroeconomic theory with heterogeneous agents by taking account of heterogeneous households' interaction among themselves, in the form of comparing their consumptions or incomes, and by allowing heterogeneous firms to interact in a strategic fashion. In Chapter 2, I study how behavioral hypotheses such as the concern for status (relative consumption) and inequality aversion can lead to useful predictions about the evolution of wealth distribution and asset accumulation. Households are heterogeneous in terms of initial endowments and idiosyncratic shocks to their labor productivity. I propose a generalized concept of consumption externalities which include as special cases the concern for relative consumption, and preferences that display inequality aversion. In Chapter 3, I focus on interactions among heterogeneous firms in an oligopolistic framework. I assume that that the products offered by these firms are not perfect substitutes. More important, the degree of substitutability may vary across products within the industry. I offer a general formulation of industry structure such that monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition can be obtained as special cases. In Chapter 4, we study how preferences that display ambiguity aversion play a role in the job search process and affects the equilibrium rates of unemployment and vacancy. Ambiguity refers to the lack of information about probability distributions. The traditional job search model assumes that there are random matches between job seekers and firms (or vacancies), and the random draws have objective probability distributions that are known to both sides of the markets. We modify this model and assume that economic agents are uncertain about the underlying probability distributions. This chapter contributes to our understanding of how ambiguity aversion affects the unemployment rate and aggregate productivity." --

Author: Anderson Luís Schneider
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 262

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Author: Domenico Delli Gatti
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ISBN: 9783642570063
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Languages : en
Pages : 312

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Author: Chang Liu
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Languages : en
Pages : 0

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This dissertation studies macroeconomics with regional heterogeneity in three general dimensions. First, it documents some novel empirical patterns of regional heterogeneity (in Chapter 1, 2, 3). Second, these empirical facts are used to identify key economic forces underlying theoretical models (in Chapter 1 and 3). Third, aggregate implications of regional heterogeneity are also studied (in Chapter 1). In the first chapter of this dissertation, I highlight time-varying regional risk and federal fiscal transfer policy as two competing forces driving regional risk sharing over the business cycle and in turn quantify their impacts on aggregate fluctuations. I find that during an economic downturn, increased regional risk worsens risk sharing and amplifies the impact of aggregate productivity shocks. However, state-contingent federal government transfers provide additional risk sharing and help stabilize the aggregate economy, by providing insurance to the regions that need it the most. In the second chapter (joint with Noah Williams), we first estimate a quarterly dataset for state-level aggregates by building a novel empirical framework that allows for mixed-frequency raw data with measurement errors. We then apply this dataset to study the monetary policy effects at the state levels. We find that states behave remarkably homogeneous with each other in their responses of output and price to an unanticipated monetary policy shock. In the third chapter (joint with Noah Williams), we use the state-level quarterly dataset to analyze the impact of unexpected changes in federal personal and corporate income taxes. We find substantial heterogeneity in the impact of federal fiscal policy across states, with more than half having no significant response to the tax cuts. In addition, less capital-intensive states have larger responses to corporate tax cuts. Although puzzling in standard models, a model with corporate and non-corporate sectors is consistent with this evidence. Overall, our results suggest the importance of variation and reallocation across states in evaluating federal policy.

Author: Raphael Anton Maximilian Peter Gabriel Auer
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ISBN:
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Languages : en
Pages : 146

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(Cont.) Countries that tend to be close to international supply of skilled labor have lower levels of advanced education, while the reverse is true for countries that are close to labor abundant nations. A one standard deviation difference in geographic proximity to skilled labor is associated with a difference' of about 2/3 of a year of average higher education. Chapter 2 examines why movements of relative costs brought about by exchange rate fluctuations are passed on to customers only slowly, and never to a full extent. We first develop a perfectly competitive economy featuring heterogeneity of both good qualities and of consumer valuations. In equilibrium, high valuation consumers and high quality firms are matched. The relative scarcity of different qualities leads to pricing-to-market and markups that are determined by the local toughness of competition. Our production setup features trade in intermediate goods, local assembly that is subject to decreasing returns and fixed costs of market entry. In every export market, firm entry and size decisions are determined by how local prices compare to the cost of production at home. We next analyze how changes in the real exchange rate are transmitted internationally.

Author: Minsu Chang
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ISBN:
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Languages : en
Pages : 260

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This dissertation consists of two chapters that explore how micro-level heterogeneity helps us understand the dynamics of macroeconomic variables. Chapter 2 shows that the evolving likelihood of marriage and divorce is an essential factor in accounting for the changes in housing decisions over time in the United States. I build and estimate a life-cycle model of single and married households who face exogenous age-dependent marital transition shocks and then conduct a decomposition analysis between 1970 and 1995. The results show that household formation shocks could account for about 30% of the increase in the single's homeownership rate and play a crucial role in generating the observed sign of change in portfolio share of married households. The extended analysis on recent years after 1995 shows that the continuing decrease in marriage prospects contributed to push up the single's homeownership rate during the housing boom in the mid 2000s. Chapter 3 develops a state-space model with a state-transition equation that takes the form of a functional vector autoregression and stacks macroeconomic aggregates and a cross-sectional density. The measurement equation captures the error in estimating log densities from repeated cross-sectional samples. The log densities and the transition kernels in the law of motion of the states are approximated by sieves, which leads to a finite-dimensional representation in terms of macroeconomic aggregates and sieve coefficents. We illustrate how the model works based on the simulation of the Krusell-Smith economy and conduct an empirical analysis on the joint dynamics of technology shocks, per capita GDP, employment rates, and the earnings distribution.