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Three Essays on Agriculture, Gender and Nutrition in Tanzania

Three Essays on Agriculture, Gender and Nutrition in Tanzania PDF Author: Vanya Slavchevska
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321195187
Category : Agricultural productivity
Languages : en
Pages : 155

Book Description
Important policy implications emerge from the findings and they are summarized in the final chapter of the dissertation.

Three Essays on Agriculture, Gender and Nutrition in Tanzania

Three Essays on Agriculture, Gender and Nutrition in Tanzania PDF Author: Vanya Slavchevska
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321195187
Category : Agricultural productivity
Languages : en
Pages : 155

Book Description
Important policy implications emerge from the findings and they are summarized in the final chapter of the dissertation.

Three Essays on Agriculture and Economic Development in Tanzania

Three Essays on Agriculture and Economic Development in Tanzania PDF Author: Ani Rudra Silwal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

Book Description


Three Essays on the Evolving Agrifood System in Tanzania

Three Essays on the Evolving Agrifood System in Tanzania PDF Author: Christine Marie Sauer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 191

Book Description
Broadly, my dissertation focuses on changes in the midstream and downstream of the agrifood value chain in Tanzania. The first essay examines the patterns and determinants of household-level consumption expenditure on processed food and meals away from home. I use a detailed food consumption diary from Tanzania to explore the relationship between the budget share spent on more convenient foods, such as highly processed food and food away from home, and income levels. Additionally, I use (i) geo-spatial data to analyze how these relationships change over space, and (ii) detailed labor data to analyze the correlation between men's and women's non-farm labor force participation and the budget share spent on higher value-added foods.In my second essay, I revisit the old debate of whether the poor pay more for food, using the same spatial and food diary data as in the first essay. I find that, surprisingly, the poor generally are not more likely to buy in smaller quantities, the rich are not more likely to buy non-perishables in larger quantities, and that bulk discounts are modest at best for most food products we study. Most intriguingly, we find that the poor do not pay more than richer households.Finally, my third essay uses primary data from maize flour retailers to explore the modernization of the maize flour value chain in Tanzania. I use various measures of value chain structure, conduct, and performance, and I disaggregate by retail type (traditional shops, transitional mini-supermarkets, and modern supermarkets) and town size, to study where changes are occurring. I find a rapid proliferation of maize flour brands, a move toward disintermediation (especially in the secondary cities) and longer supply chains, and an emerging adoption of mobile money by traditional shops in smaller towns. These findings point toward a supply chain in flux.

Sustainable Intensification of Maize Production in Tanzania

Sustainable Intensification of Maize Production in Tanzania PDF Author: Jongwoo Kim
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781085695657
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 195

Book Description
Degraded and infertile soil, low agricultural productivity, and food and nutrition insecurity are persistent and major challenges facing many countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) up to this day. Agricultural sustainable intensification (SI) has been proposed as a possible solution to simultaneously address these challenges. Yet, there is little empirical evidence on whether SI indeed improves households' incomes, nutrition, and food security. The three essays in this dissertation take various quasi-experimental approaches to investigate child nutrition and household food security effects of SI and examine the role of input subsidies in promoting SI using nationally-representative household panel survey data from Tanzania. In the empirical analysis, I focus on three important soil fertility management (SFM) practices in Tanzanian maize-based production systems: the use of inorganic fertilizer, the use of organic fertilizer, and maize-legume intercropping. I group the eight possible combinations of these technologies into four SI categories: i) "Non-adoption" (use of none of the practices), ii) "Intensification" (use of inorganic fertilizer only), iii) "Sustainable" (use of organic fertilizer, maize-legume intercropping, or both), and iv) "SI" (joint use of inorganic fertilizer with organic fertilizer and/or maize-legume intercropping). This categorization is used in all three essays. In essay 1, results from a multinomial endogenous treatment effects model suggest that the use of practices in the "SI" category is consistently associated with improvements in children's height-for-age z-score and weight-for-age z-score, particularly for children beyond breastfeeding age (i.e., those age 25-59 months). I also find evidence that these effects come through both productivity and income pathways, and that the combined use of inorganic fertilizer and maize-legume intercropping is a key driver of these effects on child nutrition.Essay 2 investigates the extent to which the use of practices in each SI category influences household net crop income (per acre and per adult equivalent) and crop productivity as well as household food access (modified household dietary diversity score (HDDS), food expenditure per adult equivalent, and food consumption score (FCS)). Results from a multinomial endogenous switching regression model suggest that relative to "Non-adoption", use of practices in each of the other SI categories has a positive and significant effect on a household's net crop income-related outcomes and crop productivity. Importantly, for these outcomes, the "SI" category has either larger or similar-in-magnitude effects compared to "Intensification", and consistently larger effects than "Sustainable" practices. The results further suggest that a household's use of packages in the "SI" category is significantly associated with increases in all three food access outcomes, with the size of these effects similar to or greater than those of "Sustainable" practices and consistently larger than the effects of "Intensification". Essay 3 explores whether Tanzania's input subsidy program (ISP) from 2008 to 2014, the National Agricultural Input Voucher Scheme (NAIVS), encouraged or discouraged farmers' use of practices in the various SI categories on their maize plots using a multinomial logit model combined with the control function approach. I find statistically significant positive effects of household receipt of a NAIVS voucher for inorganic fertilizer on maize-growing households' use of inorganic fertilizer only (i.e., "Intensification") and on their combined use of inorganic fertilizer with organic fertilizer and/or maize-legume intercropping (i.e., "SI"). On the other hand, no such effects are found for the "Sustainable" category.

Three Essays on Internal Migration and Nutrition in Tanzania

Three Essays on Internal Migration and Nutrition in Tanzania PDF Author: Kalle Hirvonen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

Book Description


Evaluating Teh Impact of a Participatory Nutrition-sensitive Agriculture Intervention on Women's Empowerment and Child's Diet in Singida, Tanzania

Evaluating Teh Impact of a Participatory Nutrition-sensitive Agriculture Intervention on Women's Empowerment and Child's Diet in Singida, Tanzania PDF Author: Marianne Victoria Santoso
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 213

Book Description
Nutrition-sensitive agriculture (NSA) interventions leverage agriculture to improve human nutrition by addressing the underlying determinants of nutrition. Participatory agroecology as an approach for agriculture intervention has recently gained momentum. Agreocology promotes strategies integrating ecological processes in farm and food system management. The approach also emphasizes drawing on indigenous and local knowledge, and co-creation of new scientific knowledge. Despite its growing popularity, evidence of the impact of participatory agroecological interventions on the welfare of household members, including child nutrition, is limited. Moreover, NSA interventions are hypothesized to improve nutrition through three pathways: food production, agricultural income, and women's empowerment. However, there is both limited understanding on how women's empowerment can impact child nutrition and limited understanding on how NSA interventions can impact women's empowerment. This dissertation therefore aimed to [1] systematically review the evidence of various measures of women's empowerment and child nutrition, [2] evaluate whether a participatory agroecological intervention can improve children's dietary diversity scores through improvements in sustainable agriculture practices, food security and gender equity, [3] and further analyze the impact of SNAP-Tz on various measures of women's empowerment and gender equity using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The literature review found that more research is needed to understand the relationship between women's empowerment and child nutrition. The research should involve primary data collection, specify the pathway between women's empowerment and child nutrition examined, and take phase of lifecycle into consideration. The evaluation found that a participatory agroecological intervention is effective in improving children's dietary diversity through improvements in crop diversity, food security, and gender equity. Specifically, the project promoted greater men's involvement in household chores and childcare and decreased prevalence of domestic violence experienced by women, and improved women's mental health. Engaging both men and women and having messages geared toward gender equity communicated by fellow African farmers, especially within discussions of food security and nutrition, were crucial to the project's impacts on gender equity. The study points to a model that successfully leverages agriculture and gender equity to improve child's diet in rural East African communities.

Gender in Agriculture Sourcebook

Gender in Agriculture Sourcebook PDF Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821375881
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 792

Book Description
The 'Gender in Agriculture Sourcebook' provides an up-to-date understanding of gender issues and a rich compilation of compelling evidence of good practices and lessons learned to guide practitioners in integrating gender dimensions into agricultural projects and programs. It is serves as a tool for: guidance; showcasing key principles in integrating gender into projects; stimulating the imagination of practitioners to apply lessons learned, experiences, and innovations to the design of future support and investment in the agriculture sector. The Sourcebook draws on a wide range of experience from World Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), and other donor agencies, governments, institutions, and groups active in agricultural development. The Sourcebook looks at: access to and control of assets; access to markets, information and organization; and capacity to manage risk and vulnerability through a gender lens. There are 16 modules covering themes of cross-cutting importance for agriculture with strong gender dimensions (Policy, Public Administration and Governance; Agricultural Innovation and Education; Food Security; Markets; Rural Finance; Rural Infrastructure; Water; Land; Labor; Natural Resource Management; and Disaster and Post-Conflict Management) and specific subsectors in agriculture (Crops, Livestock, Forestry, and Fisheries). A separate module on Monitoring and Evaluation is included, responding to the need to track implementation and development impact. Each module contains three different sub-units: (1) A Module Overview gives a broad introduction to the topic and provides a summary of major development issues in the sector and rationale of looking at gender dimension; (2) Thematic Notes provide a brief and technically sound guide in gender integration in selected themes with lessons learned, guidelines, checklists, organizing principles, key questions, and key performance indicators; and (3) Innovative Activity Profiles describe the design and innovative features of recent and exciting projects and activities that have been implemented or are ongoing.

Agricultural Commercialization, Economic Development, and Nutrition

Agricultural Commercialization, Economic Development, and Nutrition PDF Author: Joachim Von Braun
Publisher: International Food Policy Research Insitute
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 444

Book Description
Subsistence production: a sign of market failure. Commercialization cannot be left to the market. Household effects of commercialization. Nutrition effects of commercialization. Policy action needed.

Transforming Gender and Food Security in the Global South

Transforming Gender and Food Security in the Global South PDF Author: Jemimah Njuki
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317190017
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 295

Book Description
Drawing on studies from Africa, Asia and South America, this book provides empirical evidence and conceptual explorations of the gendered dimensions of food security. It investigates how food security and gender inequity are conceptualized within interventions, assesses the impacts and outcomes of gender-responsive programs on food security and gender equity and addresses diverse approaches to gender research and practice that range from descriptive and analytical to strategic and transformative. The chapters draw on diverse theoretical perspectives, including transformative learning, feminist theory, deliberative democracy and technology adoption. As a result, they add important conceptual and empirical material to a growing literature on the challenges of gender equity in agricultural production. A unique feature of this book is the integration of both analytic and transformative approaches to understanding gender and food security. The analytic material shows how food security interventions enable women and men to meet the long-term nutritional needs of their households, and to enhance their economic position. The transformative chapters also document efforts to build durable and equitable relationships between men and women, addressing underlying social, cultural and economic causes of gender inequality. Taken together, these combined approaches enable women and men to reflect on gendered divisions of labor and resources related to food, and to reshape these divisions in ways which benefit families and communities. Co-published with the International Development Research Centre.

Women in Agriculture

Women in Agriculture PDF Author: Marie Maman
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 0815313543
Category : Women agricultural laborers
Languages : en
Pages : 301

Book Description
First Published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.