Author: Ludwig Van den Hauwe Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 2810602212 Category : Monetary policy Languages : en Pages : 188
Book Description
Recent events in international financial markets have revived the scientific interest in conceivable institutional alternatives to prevailing monetary arrangements. In the essays reprinted in this book, the author critically examines some of the more influential arguments which have been made in favour of decentralization in banking.
Author: Mei Dong Publisher: ISBN: Category : Money Languages : en Pages : 174
Book Description
The thesis consists of three essays on monetary economics. In particular, I focus on using modern monetary theory with explicit microfoundations to address issues in macroeconomics concerning the effects of inflation and the coexistence of multiple assets. The first essay is motivated by the observation that economies undergoing high inflation often experience a reduction of variety in the marketplace. Existing models study how inflation affects quantity, but few have studied how inflation affects variety. In a monetary model with explicit microfoundations, I analyze how inflation affects variety and quantity. I consider bargaining and price posting with directed search. I show that inflation reduces both quantity and variety under both pricing mechanisms. Quantitatively, the model implies that the total welfare cost of 10% inflation ranges from 4.77% to 8.4% under bargaining and is 1.52% under price posting. In the second essay, I study an economy in which money and credit coexist as means of payment and the settlement of credit requires money. The model extends recent developments in microfounded monetary theory to address the choice of payment methods and the effects of inflation. Whether a buyer uses money or credit depends on the fixed cost of credit and the inflation rate. Based on quantitative analysis, the model suggests that the relationship between inflation and credit exhibits an inverse U-shape which is broadly consistent with the evidence. Compared to an economy without credit, allowing credit as a means of payment affects the economy's money demand, welfare and the welfare cost of inflation. In modern monetary theory, money is viewed as a substitute for the record-keeping technology. In the third essay, my coauthor and I investigate whether one money constitutes a perfect substitute for the record-keeping technology in a quasi-linear environment, where private information and limited commitment are present. We adopt the mechanism design approach and solve a planner's problem subject to various constraints. The result is that when money is divisible, concealable and in variable supply, one money may not be sufficient to replace the record-keeping technology. We further show that two monies are a perfect substitute for the record-keeping technology.
Author: Haitao Xiang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Banks and banking Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The thesis consists of three studies on money, banking and monetary policy with modern monetary economic theory based on explicit micro-foundations. As an introduction to the approach adopted by micro-founded monetary theory, the introductory chapter demonstrates the roles of money and capital in a quasi-linear environment with explicit informational frictions. When capital serves as the only record-keeping device, there could be two possible stationary equilibria: one is first-best and the other is not. In a suboptimal equilibrium, consumers are constrained by their capital rental income. Introducing fiat money, a better record-keeping technology with higher rate of return, can improve welfare by relaxing the liquidity constraint. Chapter 2 studies the role of banking in financing investment. It is revealed that banking can mitigate underinvestment, raise capital-labour ratio, and improve welfare; and this effect is greatest under moderate inflation. In Chapter 3, I introduce a record-keeping cost related to bank borrowing, and study the effects of such a banking cost on economic allocations and welfare, as well as its monetary policy implications. Main findings are: Costly banking emerges endogenously only with relatively high inflation and/or relatively low banking cost; the existence of costly banking may improve or reduce welfare relative to the case without banking; with higher inflation rate or banking cost, more people would choose not to deal with banks, which means larger welfare loss; inflation is less harmful with banking than without banking. In Chapter 4, I investigate the trade-off between distribution effect and production effect of monetary policy with presence of idiosyncratic liquidity shocks. When liquidity shocks are observable, a type-contingent money transfer policy can desirably redistribute purchasing power among consumers. When the shocks are unobservable, an illiquid bond policy restores credit transactions on money through bond-money exchanges. Both policies have positive distribution effect, but the resulting inflation hampers production efficiency. I derive a sufficient condition under which the overall welfare can be improved by an inflationary monetary policy: if consumers are relative-risk-averse enough, the trade-off between distribution efficiency gain and production efficiency loss would result in net welfare enhancement.
Author: John Smithin Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company ISBN: 9814525294 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 341
Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview, in the form of eight long essays, of the evolution of monetary theory over the three-quarters of century, from the time of Keynes to the present day. The essays are originally based on lecture notes from a graduate course on Advanced Monetary Economics offered at York University, Toronto, written in the style of academic papers. The essays are mathematical in method — but also take a historical perspective, tracing the evolution of monetary thought through the Keynesian model, the monetarist model, new classical model, etc, up to and including the neo-Wickesellian models of the early 21st century. The book will be an essential resource for both graduate and advanced undergraduate students in economics, as well as for individual researchers seeking basic information on the theoretical background of contemporary debates.
Author: Linyuan Cai Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 78
Book Description
The study of monetary economics encompasses a broad range of directions, and this research aims to address several different areas of monetary economics through empirical and theoretical work. The first essay uses annual data from twenty-seven countries to determine whether unexpected inflation has an effect on unexpected output, as suggested by the Lucas Supply Function. Additional specifications are added to show that Lucas' base model is incomplete. Once money level equations were included, the results suggest money affects output through prices, as well as through other means. The second essay seeks to find stable predictors of the money demand function. The money demand function has been unstable since the 1970s, and this study focuses on the definition of money stock and adding measures of risk as solutions in stabilizing money demand. The results show that replacing the traditional measure of money stock (M2) with Money Zero Maturity, in addition to adding market risk and inflation risk to the specification for money demand, stabilizes the money demand function significantly. In this case, we have discovered a money demand function that is stable both in the short run and the long run, according to the LWZ criterion. The third essay attempts to verify Carl Menger's theory on the emergence of money through the observation of an online gaming economy. The results show that, while most of the observations were identical to Menger's theories, one interesting difference has emerged due to modern day technology and communication tools. Menger suggested that the creation of currency was due to trade being extremely unproductive under the "Double Coincidence of Wants," but our observations show that a barter system can coexist with a currency due to technology making search costs almost negligible.
Author: Ludwig Van den Hauwe
Author: Yong Bang Chung
Author: Mei Dong
Author: Haitao Xiang
Author: John Smithin
Author: Linyuan Cai
Author: Radhika Lahiri
Author: Kapil Seth
Author: Rochelle Mary Edge
Author: Michael Syron Lawlor