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Author: P. Chiotti Publisher: ISBN: Category : Thorium Languages : en Pages : 62
Book Description
A study of the thorium-carbon system has been made and a tentative phase diagram constructed from metallographic X-ray, and melting point data. The existence of two compounds, ThC (4.92% carbon) and ThC2 (9.38% carbon), has been verified. No conclusive evidence was found for any other compound. The monocarbide has a sodium chloride type structure, and the lattice constant for this compound is shown to be 5.34 A. This is considerably larger than the lattice constant previously reported for the monocarbide. It is shown that the lattice constant previously measured was that of a solid solution of thorium in thorium monocarbide. The lattice constant at room temperature for the monocarbide phase increases from 5.29 to 5.34 A as the carbon content is increased from about 3.8 to 4.92%. The monocarbide melts at 2625 +/- 25 C and the dicarbide at 2655 +/- 25 C. All compositions between thorium and the monocarbide show complete miscibility in the liquid state and in the solid state at elevated temperatures. However, an immiscibility gap in the solid solution area appears to extend from room temperature to just under the solidus line. The peak of this gap is at about 2% carbon and 1975 C. The compositions of the thorium rich and carbon rich solid solutions for this gap at room temperature are about 0.25% carbon and 3.8% carbon, respectively. The monocarbide and dicarbide also form a complete series of solid solutions at elevated temperatures but show little or no mutual solid solubility at room temperature. The dicarbide forms a eutectic with graphite containing approximately 12.6% carbon which melts at 2500 +/- 35 C.
Author: P. Chiotti Publisher: ISBN: Category : Thorium Languages : en Pages : 62
Book Description
A study of the thorium-carbon system has been made and a tentative phase diagram constructed from metallographic X-ray, and melting point data. The existence of two compounds, ThC (4.92% carbon) and ThC2 (9.38% carbon), has been verified. No conclusive evidence was found for any other compound. The monocarbide has a sodium chloride type structure, and the lattice constant for this compound is shown to be 5.34 A. This is considerably larger than the lattice constant previously reported for the monocarbide. It is shown that the lattice constant previously measured was that of a solid solution of thorium in thorium monocarbide. The lattice constant at room temperature for the monocarbide phase increases from 5.29 to 5.34 A as the carbon content is increased from about 3.8 to 4.92%. The monocarbide melts at 2625 +/- 25 C and the dicarbide at 2655 +/- 25 C. All compositions between thorium and the monocarbide show complete miscibility in the liquid state and in the solid state at elevated temperatures. However, an immiscibility gap in the solid solution area appears to extend from room temperature to just under the solidus line. The peak of this gap is at about 2% carbon and 1975 C. The compositions of the thorium rich and carbon rich solid solutions for this gap at room temperature are about 0.25% carbon and 3.8% carbon, respectively. The monocarbide and dicarbide also form a complete series of solid solutions at elevated temperatures but show little or no mutual solid solubility at room temperature. The dicarbide forms a eutectic with graphite containing approximately 12.6% carbon which melts at 2500 +/- 35 C.
Author: Thomas James Dolan Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323993567 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1068
Book Description
Molten Salt Reactors and Thorium Energy, Second Edition is a fully updated comprehensive reference on the latest advances in MSR research and technology. Building on the successful first edition, Tom Dolan and the team of experts have fully updated the content to reflect the impressive advances from the last 5 years, ensuring this book continues to be the go-to reference on the topic. This new edition covers progress made in MSR design, details innovative experiments, and includes molten salt data, corrosion studies and deployment plans. The successful case studies section of the first edition have been removed, expanded, and fully updated, and are now published in a companion title called Global Case Studies on Molten Salt Reactors. Readers will gain a deep understanding of the advantages and challenges of MSR development and thorium fuel use, as well as step-by-step guidance on the latest in MSR reactor design. Each chapter provides a clear introduction, covers technical issues and includes examples and conclusions, while promoting the sustainability benefits throughout. - A fully updated comprehensive handbook on Molten Salt Reactors and Thorium Energy, written by a team of global experts - Covers MSR applications, technical issues, reactor types and reactor designs - Includes 3 brand new chapters which reflect the latest advances in research and technology since the first edition published - Presents case studies on molten salt reactors which aid in the transition to net zero by providing abundant clean, safe energy to complement wind and solar powe
Author: Robert G. Behrens Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3662074109 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 263
Book Description
The present volume describes the general properties of the thorium atom and ions, the thermodynamics of its compounds and solutions, the behavior of solutions and solid com pounds under the influence of its own radiation as well as an external radiation field, and spectroscopic data in great detail. The different chapters are of special interest to scientists who work in these fields, and also in the corresponding fields of other elements. In some special fields there exists a detailed knowledge of this radioelement whereas in other fields, such as M6Bbauer spectra, lower oxidation states, or radiation stability, there are large gaps. Due to the fact that the significance 23 of thorium as a breeder fuel ( 2"fh to be converted to fissile 233U after thermal neutron capture) has decreased within the last decade, the behavior of thorium is not as yet so thoroughly investigated as the heavier radioactive element uranium. Many of these data, however, are not only of academic interest, e.g., the knowledge of atomic spectra is needed for some analytical methods, especially in the trace concentration region. Due to the noble gaS-like electronic configuration of the tetravalent ion, there are no absorption bands in the visible region so that in general spectra and data are very scarce. This volume is a very detailed and critically reviewed compilation, written by experts from the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, and the United States.
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
Provides a critical review of the thorium fuel cycle: potential benefits and challenges in the thorium fuel cycle, mainly based on the latest developments at the front end of the fuel cycle, applying thorium fuel cycle options, and at the back end of the thorium fuel cycle.
Author: P. Chiotti
Author: Harley A. Wilhelm
Author: P. Chiotti
Author: Thomas James Dolan
Author: O. Norman Carlson
Author: Robert Mickelson
Author: P. Chiotti
Author: Robert G. Behrens
Author: Institut metallurgii (Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR)
Author: 
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency