Theory Of The Firm's Cost Of Capital, A: How Debt Affects The Firm's Risk, Value, Tax Rate, And The Government's Tax Claim PDF Download
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Author: Ramesh K S Rao Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814477303 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 105
Book Description
The cost of capital concept has myriad applications in business decision-making. The standard methodology for deriving cost of capital estimates is based on the seminal Modigliani-Miller analyses. This book generalizes this framework to include non-debt tax shields (e.g., depreciation), interactions between the borrowing rate and tax shields, and default considerations. It develops several new results and shows how better cost of capital and marginal tax rate estimates can be generated. The book's unified cost of capital theory is discussed with comprehensive numerical examples and graphical illustrations.This book will be of interest to corporate managers, academics, investment bankers, governmental agencies, and private companies that generate cost of capital estimates for public consumption.
Author: Ramesh K S Rao Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814477303 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 105
Book Description
The cost of capital concept has myriad applications in business decision-making. The standard methodology for deriving cost of capital estimates is based on the seminal Modigliani-Miller analyses. This book generalizes this framework to include non-debt tax shields (e.g., depreciation), interactions between the borrowing rate and tax shields, and default considerations. It develops several new results and shows how better cost of capital and marginal tax rate estimates can be generated. The book's unified cost of capital theory is discussed with comprehensive numerical examples and graphical illustrations.This book will be of interest to corporate managers, academics, investment bankers, governmental agencies, and private companies that generate cost of capital estimates for public consumption.
Author: Ramesh K. S. Rao Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9812708375 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 105
Book Description
The cost of capital concept is widely used in business decision-making. The current theory and estimates for measurement of cost of capital are derived from the seminal Modigliani-Miller analyses. This book generalizes this framework to include non-debt tax shields (e.g., depreciation) and default considerations. It develops several new results and shows how better cost of capital and marginal tax rate estimates can be generated. The unified cost of capital theory presented in the book is illustrated graphically and with comprehensive numerical examples. This book will be of great interest to practicing managers, academics, governmental agencies and private companies that generate cost of capital estimates for public consumption.
Author: Eric C. Stevens Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This paper develops a theory of the firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and the marginal tax rate with risky debt and potentially redundant depreciation and interest tax shields. The tax shields' risks, the firm's borrowing interest rate and its marginal tax rate are intertwined, and they must therefore be determined simultaneously. We capture these interdependencies by determining the borrowing interest rate endogenously, using the single-factor approximate arbitrage pricing theory. This research strategy: a) yields the correct discount rate for valuing the tax shields and shows how better WACC and marginal tax rate estimates can be generated, b) identifies the determinants of the firm's debt capacity in terms of asset characteristics and exogenous economic variables, and c) specifies, numerically, how policy variables (corporate tax rate, tax rules, and the T-bill rate) affect the market values of claims on the firm's output that are both private (debt, equity) and public (tax claims).
Author: S. Nuryanah Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1137435615 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 396
Book Description
This book integrates corporate governance, corporate finance and accounting to formulate sound financial management strategies. It offers practical steps for managers using an integrated optimisation financial model to achieve good corporate governance practices which lead to lower risks and higher firm value.
Author: Alessandro Gabrielli Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031309804 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 103
Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the implications of tax avoidance for a firm’s capital structure, highlighting the key role played by free cash flow and agency conflicts. First, the book provides an outline of the theories and empirical evidence concerning the role of taxes in the Theory of Capital Structure. It reviews the studies investigating the relationship between agency conflicts and capital structure. The book explores the role of free cash flow and agency conflicts in the relationship between tax avoidance and capital structure. In the final section, the results of an empirical investigation conducted on a sample of U.S. public firms are also presented. The empirical research examines whether and how tax avoidance is associated with debt covenant violation across the stages of the corporate life cycle. Specifically, the research uses the concept of the corporate life cycle stage to analyse whether and how the association between tax avoidance and debt covenant violation varies in different agency settings. Consistent with the hypotheses drawn on the Agency Theory, the findings of the empirical research suggest life cycle stages moderate the association between tax avoidance and debt covenant violation. Overall, this book sheds light on the potential implications of tax avoidance activities for a firm’s capital structure. The book will be of interest to both experienced and early-stage scholars interested in the topic. Moreover, the book will also be of interest to policymakers, investors, analysts, lenders, and other market participants.
Author: Martin S. Feldstein Publisher: Harvard University Press ISBN: 9780674094826 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 506
Book Description
Feldstein shows how systems of taxation influence the rate and nature of capital formation--key to the development of any economy. His identification of important economic and policy questions, adroit use of modeling and new data, and careful attention to dynamics make this book a powerful addition to the literature.
Author: Ronald W. Spahr Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 43
Book Description
We extend Myers' Adjusted Present Value method (Myers, 1974) and modify Modigliani and Miller's capital structure propositions (MM 1958, 1963) by adding government as the third major financial stakeholder. Stockholders, bondholders and government (federal and state) each possess a stake in the firm because of the potential to receive future cash flows. Given Mamp;M's no growth assumption, we posit a ldquo;conservation of valuerdquo; where a firm's capital structure and tax structure have no effect on total firm value; however, have major effects on relative stakeholder values and appropriate discount rates. Considering the three stakeholder model helps clarify the controversy over appropriate discount rates for each stakeholder's cash flows, the social discount rate and tax structure. We further extend our models in an intertemporal framework that allows for reinvestment of earnings and firm growth. This extension provides clarification and has significant implications regarding firm valuation, capital investment and capital structure policy. We demonstrate that the corporate tax burden ultimately falls on shareowners and government is the beneficiary, whether the tax incidence is at corporate or individual level. However, corporate taxes may significantly impact domestic corporations' abilities to compete in a global economy. In an intertemporal framework, shifting the tax burden from corporations to individuals and lowering the overall tax rates may increase government's tax revenues through corporate growth despite a reduced proportional stake in firms.
Author: Mark Gertler Publisher: ISBN: Category : Corporations Languages : en Pages : 54
Book Description
This paper develops a simple model of corporate financial structure intended to formalize the macroeconomic concern over excessive leverage. In particular, we attempt to rationalize why firms designing an optimal capital structure would choose a level of debt that leaves them heavily exposed to macroeconomic risk. Our starting point is a variant of the "corporate control" model often used to motivate debt as the optimal financial contract. We modify this framework in two ways. First, we include common risks, interpretable as business cycle risks, as well as idiosyncratic risks. Second, we include corporate and investor-level taxes, and consider the implications of a net tax bias against equity finance. The tax distortion confronts firms with a tradeoff ex ante between the costs of equity finance and the costs of increased exposure to macroeconomic risk accompanying debt finance. In this regard, an equilibrium with "excessive leverage" is possible. Further, despite the possibility of renegotiation, debt is in general less effective than equity in insulating the firm against aggregate risk. Our model leads to the prediction that individual firm dividends may vary with macroeconomic conditions, even after controlling for the effects of relevant firm-specific performance measures, such as earnings. We present some formal econometric evidence in support of this prediction, using a panel of individual corporations. Evidence on some related predictions is also presented
Author: Dale Weldeau Jorgenson Publisher: Brookings Institution Press ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 460
Book Description
The tax reform movement that swept the U.S., Great Britain, and most other industrialized nations during the last decade has focused attention on international comparisons of the cost of capital. More recently, international comparability has become a critical issue of tax harmonization. This is a vital concern in the European Community, as well as between Canada and the United States. This volume provides international comparisons of the cost of different types of capital for nine major industrialized countries -- Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States -- for the period 1980-1990. In the early 1980s the introduction of tax incentives for saving and investment gradually shifted the tax base from income toward consumption. By 1990 most of these special tax provisions had been reduced or repealed in order to lower tax rates and equalize the tax treatment of different forms of capital income. Income was firmly reestablished as the most appropriate basis for taxation. Separate chapters for each of the nine countries, written by leading experts in public economics, provide detailed accounts of tax policy changes over the decade. Each chapter contains a quantitative description of these tax policies and summarizes this information in the form of effective tax rates. The book thus serves as an indispensable reference for comparing capital income taxation in industrialized countries during a period of rapid policy change.
Author: Ramesh K S Rao
Author: Ramesh K S Rao
Author: Ramesh K. S. Rao
Author: Eric C. Stevens
Author: S. Nuryanah
Author: Alessandro Gabrielli
Author: Martin S. Feldstein
Author: Ronald W. Spahr
Author: Carl E. Steidtmann
Author: Mark Gertler
Author: Dale Weldeau Jorgenson