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Author: W.H. Fertl Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080868967 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 473
Book Description
When Fertl's first book, Abnormal Formation Pressures, was published by Elsevier in 1976, the topic was relatively new in book form. In the years that followed, his book became the standard work for petroleum engineers and drillers. The list of major petroleum provinces with abnormally high pore pressures has grown steadily over the years, and with it has grown our knowledge and experience. There have also been technological advances. A new book was required, but no longer could the topic be covered adequately by one person. The problems of abnormally high formation pressures encountered in the subsurface while drilling for petroleum are very diverse, involving geologists, geophysicists, reservoir engineers, drilling engineers, and borehole logging engineers. The acute anticipation of such pressures before drilling has become possible with modern technology. This book treats these developments and covers the following topics: world occurrences, the geology of abnormal pore pressures and the background theory, reservoir engineering aspects of abnormally pressured reservoirs, detection of abnormal pressures by geophysical methods before drilling and during drilling, and their evaluation after drilling. It examines the special problems of shallow hazards from shallow abnormal pressures, and relief-well engineering to control blowouts. It also examines the generation of abnormal pressures from hydrocarbon generation in the Rocky Mountains, and the distribution of abnormal pressures in south Louisiana, USA. The topics are examined from a practical point of view with a theoretical background. There is a glossary of terms, and a relevant practical conversion table. Both SI units and the conventional US oil industry units are used.
Author: V.A. Serebryakov Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing ISBN: 0080538215 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 391
Book Description
Knowledge of the presence of abnormally-high pressure zones (AHFP) prior to drilling into them can prevent considerable economic losses and, possibly, save human lives. The various origins (undercompaction, tectonics, etc.) of AHFPs are discussed, followed by the description of predictive techniques in clastic, carbonate and salt-bearing formations. In addition to the well-logging predictive techniques, the authors discuss smectite-illite transformation and the chemistry of interstitial solutions. Other topics covered include (a) abnormally low formation pressures and subsidence, and (b) mathematical modelling. Loss of potential production may result if AHFPs are not properly identified and evaluated. Many hydrocarbon-bearing formations with AHFPs are erroneously "condemned". This book is of interest to engineers and geologists involved in the (a) evaluation, (b) drilling in, (c) completing, and (d) producing from hydrocarbon reservoirs with AHFPs.
Author: Toby Darling Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080457959 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 335
Book Description
This hand guide in the Gulf Drilling Guides series offers practical techniques that are valuable to petrophysicists and engineers in their day-to-day jobs. Based on the author’s many years of experience working in oil companies around the world, this guide is a comprehensive collection of techniques and rules of thumb that work.The primary functions of the drilling or petroleum engineer are to ensure that the right operational decisions are made during the course of drilling and testing a well, from data gathering, completion and testing, and thereafter to provide the necessary parameters to enable an accurate static and dynamic model of the reservoir to be constructed. This guide supplies these, and many other, answers to their everyday problems. There are chapters on NMR logging, core analysis, sampling, and interpretation of the data to give the engineer a full picture of the formation. There is no other single guide like this, covering all aspects of well logging and formation evaluation, completely updated with the latest techniques and applications. · A valuable reference dedicated solely to well logging and formation evaluation.· Comprehensive coverage of the latest technologies and practices, including, troubleshooting for stuck pipe, operational decisions, and logging contracts.· Packed with money-saving and time saving strategies for the engineer working in the field.
Author: EXLOG/Whittaker Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400953534 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 194
Book Description
Petroleum Geology is a complex discipline, drawing upon data from many technologies. It is the function of Well site Geologists to integrate processed data produced prior to and dur ing the drilling operation With their own geological observations. For this reason, it is necessary that geologists appreciate some of the technology, theory of measurement, and processing of this data in order to better assess and use them. In the Field Geologists's Training Guide (Exlog, 1985) and Mud Logging: Principles and Interpretations (Exlog, 1985), an introduction is given to the scope of petroleum geology, and the techniques of hydrocarbon (oil and gas) logging as a reservoir evaluation tool. This handbook is intended to provide the Logging Geologist, and those training for a Consultant Wellsite Geologist position, with a review of geological techniques and classification systems. This will ensure the maximum development of communicable geological informa tion. Whether a geologist's work lies in this direction or in the more applied field of pressure evaluation, it is the application of geological insight to engineering problems that distinguishes the professional logging geologist in the field. This book will be of interest to and become a regular reference for all geologists. 1 INTRODUCTION CUTTINGS RECOVERY 1. 1 In an ideal borehole and mud system, cuttings would be transported to surface with the same order and composition as they were cut, as in Figure 1-1.
Author: Soraya Sofia Betancourt Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 528
Book Description
Single-probe formation testers have been used since the 1950s to measure pore pressure and estimate mobility in fluid-bearing formations penetrated by a well. They are widely used in the oil and gas industry, with tens of measurements often made in every newly drilled well as part of the formation evaluation program. Each measurement consists of placing the tool in the wellbore in direct contact with the face of the formation, extracting a small amount of fluid (from 1 to 50 cc) from the rock and analyzing the fluid pressure response of the system. Pressure interpretation is based on models that assume that temperature within the formation tester flowline remains constant during the tool operation. However, formation pressure measurement involves relatively fast volume and pressure changes within the flowline, which result in temperature changes. These temperature changes are modeled semi-analytically and their effect on pressure transients is analyzed. Temperature variations are accounted for by describing the pressure and temperature dependence of fluid density in the continuity equation, and that temperature varies with both space and time. It is considered here that once a temperature change is imposed on the system, the primary mechanism of thermal transport to achieve equilibrium is conduction. Including temperature in the analysis requires taking into account flowline geometry, and well environmental conditions during the measurement-- namely, wellbore temperature and type of drilling fluid in the wellbore, all of which are immaterial in the isothermal analysis. Arguably, pressure behavior during formation tester measurements could be influenced by several factors. All previous studies related to formation testers assume perfect tool performance and provide explanations to pressure behaviors from the reservoir point of view (e.g., Stewart and Witmmann, 1979; Phelps et al., 1984; Proett and Chin, 1996, etc.). The approach followed here is diametrically opposite. The formation is considered `perfect' from the point of view of pressure measurement, and physical phenomena (thermal transients) that may affect the measured pressure signal are studied. The focus is to understand fundamental aspects of the tool performance that can be studied analytically while minimizing, as much as possible, external parameters that add uncertainty. This dissertation was motivated by inconsistencies observed between the pressure behavior in field measurements and existing (isothermal) theory. For instance, false buildups, buildup overshoots and long time required to reach pressure equilibration, have puzzled those involved in the interpretation of formation tester pressure transients for many years. These behaviors can be reproduced in pressure computations when accounting for temperature variations. The focus of this dissertation is on modeling the tool capability to sense pressure transients associated with recompression of formation fluids several inches away from the wellbore, accounting for temperature variations during the measurement. This is relevant because it is desirable to characterize formation properties beyond the region affected by drilling mud filtrate invasion. In practice, a discrepancy is often observed between formation mobility obtained from drawdown, which depends mostly on formation properties near the wellbore, and mobility obtained from the analysis of late-time buildup pressure, which in theory depends on formation properties farther from the wellbore (Moran and Finklea, 1962). This dissertation examines the influence of late-time tool storage effects caused by thermal equilibration of the flowline fluid on the pressure equilibration and buildup mobility interpretation. It was found that in some cases such late-time storage effects could exhibit a behavior that resembles that expected from spherical flow, that is, the flow regime characteristic of single-probe formation testers; and could therefore invalidate mobility determined by isothermal transient pressure analysis. Formation tester flowline and probe design, test parameters (rate and volume), and environmental conditions during the measurement, mostly type of drilling fluid and wellbore temperature, are important variables in determining the magnitude of late-time storage effects, and hence the tool capability to detect a deep formation signal (spherical flow). Temperature variations affecting late-buildup pressure transients were observed to be more pronounced (listed in order of importance): as wellbore temperature increases; drilling fluid is oil-based mud; flowline with large radius components (e.g.> 1 cm); large flowline volume; small probe radius (
Author: EXLOG/Whittaker
Author: EXLOG/Whittaker
Author: Alun Whittaker
Author: 
Author: Alun Whittaker
Author: W.H. Fertl
Author: Dr. Bhagwan Sahay
Author: V.A. Serebryakov
Author: Toby Darling
Author: EXLOG/Whittaker
Author: Soraya Sofia Betancourt