Book Description
Le but de cette thèse est de montrer qu'il existe une vision économique alternative à la présence du dualisme financier dans les P.V.D. Jusqu'à un passé récent, en effet, et à la suite des travaux de l'école de la libéralisation financière, l'existence d'un secteur financier informel n'était attribuée qu'à un approfondissement financier insuffisant. Ce phénomène s'expliquerait par les politiques dites de "répression financière" menées par les autorités publiques. En fixant les taux d'intérêt nominaux en dessous de leur valeur d'équilibre walrasien, en imposant au secteur bancaire officiel des réserves obligatoires d'un montant trop élevé ou en menant des politiques monétaires trop laxistes, les gouvernements des P.V.D. favoriseraient l'émergence "artificielle" d'un secteur financier souterrain. Pourtant, à la suite de très nombreuses critiques théoriques (absence d'un lien univoque entre épargne et taux d'intérêt réel, imperfections naturelles des marchés financiers...) Et des échecs répétés des politiques de libéralisation financière, certains économistes, dont les théoriciens de l'école néo-structuraliste, ont commencé à envisager la présence du dualisme financier dans les P.V.D. d'une manière différente. Loin d'être un phénomène uniquement explicable par les contraintes règlementaires qui pèsent sur le secteur bancaire officiel, la coexistence simultanée des deux pôles financiers proviendrait de la segmentation naturelle du marché des capitaux domestique. C'est ce que nous démontrons dans un modèle simple où il existe un dualisme financier en situation de laissez-faire compte tenu des technologies financières propres à chacun des deux secteurs.
Author: Isabelle Guérin Publisher: Zed Books Ltd. ISBN: 1783603771 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 145
Book Description
Microcredit programmes, long considered efficient development tools, now face unprecedented crises in a number of countries. Is this the end of microcredit or rather an essential step in its expansion? Should we stop microcredit altogether or rethink the way it is implemented? Drawing on extensive empirical research conducted in various parts of the world - from Morocco to Senegal to India - this important volume examines the whole chain of microcredit to provide the answers to these questions. In doing so, the authors highlight the diversity of crises, both in intensity and in nature, while also shedding light on a diversity of causes, be it microcredit organizations unprepared for massive growth, saturated local economies or greedy investors and shareholders attracted by profits. Crucially, the authors demonstrate that microcredit is not a monolithic project, and the crises should also be analysed in the light of national histories and policies. An original and necessary intervention in what has become one of the most contentious topics within the development world.
Author: Lance Taylor Publisher: ISBN: Category : Developing countries Languages : en Pages : 264
Book Description
The structuralist perspective; Adjustment mechanisms - the real side; Adjustment mechanisms - two sector models; Short-run adjustment in practice; Money and other assets in the short run; Money, inflation, and growth; Trade balance complications; Foreign assets and the balance of payments; Two sector models of inflation, distribution and growth; Trade patterns and southern growth; Policy lessons.
Author: Beatriz Armendariz Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814295655 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 700
Book Description
Handbook of Microfinance addresses the gap between clients who are benefiting from access to financial services via MFIs, and the potential market, which remains underserved or untapped. This gap can be attributed to a "mismatch" between what consumers, or potential clients, demand and what MFIs offer in terms of financial products. The scope of the book is wide. It includes successes and failures, main challenges and debates, methodologies for impact evaluation via random trials, leading trends in Asia versus Latin America, main efforts in Africa, the importance of value chains in Central America, ethical and gender issues, savings, microinsurance, governance, commercialization trends and the potential advantages and disadvantages of it. Lastly it features main lessons from informal finance and 19th-century credit cooperatives addressing the above-mentioned mismatch.
Author: Ronald I. McKinnon Publisher: Brookings Institution Press ISBN: 9780815718499 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 204
Book Description
This books presents a theory of economic development very different from the "stages of growth" hypothesis or strategies emphasizing foreign aid, trade, or regional association. Leaving these aside, the author breaks new ground by focusing on the use of domestic capital markets to stimulate economic performance. He suggests a "bootstrap" approach in which successful development would depend largely on policy choices made by national authorities in the developing countries themselves. Central to his theory is the freeing of domestic financial markets to allow interest rates to reflect the true scarcity of capital in a developing economy. His analysis leads to a critique of prevailing monetary theory and to a new view of the relation between money and physical capital—a view with policy implications for governments striving to overcome the vicious circle of inflation and stagnation. Examining the performance of South Korea, Taiwan, Brazil, and other countries, the author suggests that their success or failure has depended primarily on steps taken in the monetary sector. He concludes that monetary reform should take precedence over other development measures, such as tariff and tax reform or the encouragement of foreign capital investment. In addition to challenging much of the conventional wisdom of development, the author's revision of accepted monetary theory may be relevant for mature economies that face monetary problems.
Author: Jasmien van Daele Publisher: Peter Lang ISBN: 9783034305167 Category : International labor activities Languages : en Pages : 548
Book Description
In 2009, the International Labour Organization (ILO) celebrated its ninetieth anniversary. The First World War and the revolutionary wave it provoked in Russia and elsewhere were powerful inspirations for the founding of the ILO. There was a growing understanding that social justice, in particular by improving labour conditions, was an essential precondition for universal peace. Since then, the ILO has seen successes and set-backs; it has been ridiculed and praised. Much has been written about the ILO; there are semi-official histories and some critical studies on the organization's history have recently been published. Yet, further source-based critical and comprehensive analyses of the organization's origins and development are still lacking. The present collection of eighteen essays is an attempt to change this unsatisfactory situation by complementing those histories that already exist, exploring new topics, and offering new perspectives. It is guided by the observation that the ILO's history is not primarily about «elaborating beautiful texts and collecting impressive instruments for ratification» but about effecting «real change and more happiness in peoples' lives».
Author: Baptiste Venet
Author: Baptiste Venet
Author: Gerard Caprio
Author: Isabelle Guérin
Author: 
Author: Lance Taylor
Author: Beatriz Armendariz
Author: Nicolae Paun
Author: Ronald I. McKinnon
Author: Jasmien van Daele