Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Bubble Growth at an Orifice PDF Download

Author: Tania Dos Santos Moreno Vidinha
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Deepak Saagar Kalaikadal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 125

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The air-bubble dynamics phenomena in adiabatic liquid pools has been studied so as to present a better understanding of the parameters which that govern the process of ebullience, bubble growth and departure from a submerged capillary-tube orifice. The orifice diameter is found to directly dictate the bubble departure diameter, and the pinch-off is controlled by a characteristic neck-length. To study the role of orifice size on the growth and departure of adiabatic single bubbles, experiments were performed with different diameter capillary tubes submerged in of distilled de-ionized water as well as some other viscous liquids. A correlation has been developed based on the experimental data of this study along with those reported by several others in the literature. The predictions of this correlation agree very well with measured data for water as well as several other more viscous liquids. It is also found that the bubble departure diameter is the same as the orifice diameter when the latter equals twice the capillary length. The phenomenon of bubble necking and departure was explored experimentally and through a scaling analysis. Experiments were performed with five different liquids (water, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerol) to extract the departure neck-lengths for isolated gas bubbles at pinch-off from the capillary orifice. A scaling analysis of the experimental data indicated that the bubble neck-length at departure or pinch-off was predicted by a balance of buoyancy, viscous and surface tension forces. These were established to be represented by the Galilei and Morton numbers, and a power-law type predictive correlation has been shown to be in excellent agreement with the available data over a wide range of liquid properties. To characterize and model the growth and departure of single bubbles in different liquid pools, a theoretical model has been established. The motion of the gas-liquid interface has been modeled as a scaled force balance involving buoyancy, gas-momentum, pressure, surface tension, inertia and drag. With one-dimensional scaling of these forces, the model captures the incipience, growth, necking and departure of a bubble as it emerges from the orifice. Here necking and pinch-off is modeled based on the newly developed neck-length correlation. The results are compared with experimental data and are found to be in excellent agreement for a range of liquids, orifice sizes and flow rates. The predictions highlight the variations in bubble equivalent diameters at departure with orifice sizes, flow rates and fluid properties, and they further reiterate the well-established two-regime theory of bubble growth. The latter involves (a) the constant volume regime, where the bubble volume remains near constant and relatively independent of flow rate, and (b) the growing bubble regime, where the size of the bubble increases proportionately with the gas flow rate. Finally, the complex nature of ebullience in aqueous surfactant solutions has been studied using the reagents FS-50, SDS, and CTAB. The influence of the modulated liquid surface tension or more specifically, the role of the time dependent dynamic surface tension on the formation and departure of adiabatic bubbles has been investigated. Comparative studies have been undertaken to investigate the effect of time-dependent surface tension relaxation in surfactant solutions as opposed to ebullience in pure liquids with the same equilibrium surface tensions. Results highlight the effects of the surfactant's molecular weight on the adsorption-desorption kinetics, and the consequent influence on ebullience. It has been established that the bubbling characteristics in surfactant solutions are, in the first order, governed by the dynamic surface tension of the solute-solvent system.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 108

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The growth dynamics of a single gas bubble from inception to departure, emanating from a submerged capillary tube orifice in quiescent liquid pools has been theoretically modeled. The mathematical model represents a fundamental balance of forces due to buoyancy, viscosity, surface tension, liquid inertia, and gas momentum transport, and the consequent motion of the evolving gas-liquid interface. Theoretical solutions describe the dynamic bubble behavior (incipience, growth, necking and departure) as it grows from the tip of a capillary tube orifice in an isothermal pure liquid pool. Also complete Navier Stokes equations are solved using VOF model to simulate the different stages in the evolution of the bubble. Variations in bubble shapes and sizes, equivalent diameter, and growth times with capillary orifice diameter and air flow rates are outlined. These results are also found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental data available in the literature. The parametric trends suggest a two-regime ebullient transport: (a) a constant volume regime where the bubble diameter is not affected by the flow rate, and (b) a growing bubble regime where bubble size increases with flow rate. The experimental data available in the literature for a wide range of liquids, flow rates and orifice sizes are analyzed to develop regime maps that characterize these two regimes. For a given liquid, the transition from the constant volume regime and the growing bubble regime is determined by the non-dimensional parameter, BoFr0.5 = 1, that defines the interaction between buoyancy, surface tension and inertial forces. Correlation for isolated adiabatic bubble departure diameters is also developed based on a non-linear regression analysis of experimental data. The correlation considers the effects of thermo physical properties of the gas and liquid phases, orifice diameters and gas flow rates, and describes the experimental data published in the literature with in " 10 percent.

Author: Sauro Pierucci
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 008053130X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1207

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This book includes papers presented at ESCAPE-10, the 10th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process -Engineering, held in Florence, Italy, 7-10th May, 2000. The scientific program reflected two complementary strategic objectives of the 'Computer Aided Process Engineering' (CAPE) Working Party: one checked the status of historically consolidated topics by means of their industrial application and their emerging issues, while the other was addressed to opening new windows to the CAPE audience by inviting adjacent Working Parties to co-operate in the creation of the technical program. The former CAPE strategic objective was covered by the topics: Numerical Methods, Process Design and Synthesis, Dynamics & Control, Process Modeling, Simulation and Optimization. The latter CAPE strategic objective derived from the European Federation of Chemical Engineering (EFCE) promotion of scientific activities which autonomously and transversely work across the Working Parties' terms of references. These activities enhance the exchange of the know-how and knowledge acquired by different Working Parties in homologous fields. They also aim to discover complementary facets useful to the dissemination of tools and of novel procedures. As a consequence, the Working Parties 'Environmental Protection', 'Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion' and 'Multiphase Fluid Flow' were invited to assist in the organization of sessions in the area of: A Process Integrated Approach for: Environmental Benefit, Loss Prevention and Safety, Computational Fluid Dynamics. A total of 473 abstracts from all over the world were evaluated by the International Scientific Committee. Out of them 197 have been finally selected for the presentation and reported into this book. Their authors come from thirty different countries. The selection of the papers was carried out by twenty-eight international reviewers. These proceedings will be a major reference document to the scientific and industrial community and will contribute to the progress in Computer Aided Process Engineering.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Weights and measures
Languages : en
Pages : 1164

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Author: Jaime Klapp
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319001167
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 471

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This book collects invited lectures and selected contributions presented at the Enzo Levi and XVIII Annual Meeting of the Fluid Dynamic Division of the Mexican Physical Society in 2012. It is intended for fourth-year undergraduate and graduate students, and for scientists in the fields of physics, engineering and chemistry with an interest in Fluid Dynamics from experimental, theoretical and computational points of view. The invited lectures are introductory in nature and avoid the use of complicated mathematics. The other selected contributions are also suitable for fourth-year undergraduate and graduate students. The Fluid Dynamics applications include oceanography, multiphase flows, convection, diffusion, heat transfer, rheology, granular materials, viscous flows, porous media flows and astrophysics. The material presented in the book includes recent advances in experimental and computational fluid dynamics and is well-suited to both teaching and research.

Author: United States. National Bureau of Standards
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydraulic engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 696

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Author: Aart Jan Van Bekkum
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Boundary layer
Languages : en
Pages : 194

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydraulic engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 334

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Author: Satwindar S. Sadhal
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461240220
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 528

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Fluid flows that transfer heat and mass often involve drops and bubbles, particularly if there are changes of phase in the fluid in the formation or condensation of steam, for example. Such flows pose problems for the chemical and mechanical engineer significantly different from those posed by single-phase flows. This book reviews the current state of the field and will serve as a reference for researchers, engineers, teachers, and students concerned with transport phenomena. It begins with a review of the basics of fluid flow and a discussion of the shapes and sizes of fluid particles and the factors that determine these. The discussion then turns to flows at low Reynolds numbers, including effects due to phase changes or to large radial inertia. Flows at intermediate and high Reynolds numbers are treated from a numerical perspective, with reference to experimental results. The next chapter considers the effects of solid walls on fluid particles, treating both the statics and dynamics of the particle-wall interaction and the effects of phase changes at a solid wall. This is followed by a discussion of the formation and breakup of drops and bubbles, both with and without phase changes. The last two chapters discuss compound drops and bubbles, primarily in three-phase systems, and special topics, such as transport in an electric field.