Author: David Ronfeldt Publisher: Rand Corporation ISBN: 0833043323 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 183
Book Description
The information revolution is leading to the rise of network forms of organization in which small, previously isolated groups can communicate, link up, and conduct coordinated joint actions as never before. This in turn is leading to a new mode of conflict--netwar--in which the protagonists depend on using network forms of organization, doctrine, strategy, and technology. Many actors across the spectrum of conflict--from terrorists, guerrillas, and criminals who pose security threats, to social activists who may not--are developing netwar designs and capabilities. The Zapatista movement in Mexico is a seminal case of this. In January 1994, a guerrilla-like insurgency in Chiapas by the Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN), and the Mexican government's response to it, aroused a multitude of civil-society activists associated with human-rights, indigenous-rights, and other types of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to swarm--electronically as well as physically--from the United States, Canada, and elsewhere into Mexico City and Chiapas. There, they linked with Mexican NGOs to voice solidarity with the EZLN's demands and to press for nonviolent change. Thus, what began as a violent insurgency in an isolated region mutated into a nonviolent though no less disruptive social netwar that engaged the attention of activists from far and wide and had nationwide and foreign repercussions for Mexico. This study examines the rise of this social netwar, the information-age behaviors that characterize it (e.g., extensive use of the Internet), its effects on the Mexican military, its implications for Mexico's stability, and its implications for the future occurrence of social netwars elsewhere around the world.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 179
Book Description
This study was prepared for a research project on "Stability and the Military in Mexico." The research was sponsored by Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence and was conducted in RAND Arroyo Center's Strategy and Doctrine Program. The Arroyo Center is a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the United States Army. The study reports on a case of "netwar," a concept that we have been developing for the purpose of understanding the nature of conflict in the information age (Arquilla and Ronfeldt, 1996b). Although the focus is on the Zapatista movement in Mexico, and on the responses thereto of the Mexican government and army, the study also identifies some implications for possible future netwars elsewhere around the world. This study focuses mainly on the 1994-1996 period, in part because that was the heyday of this social netwar, but also because the study's preliminary findings were initially briefed to the sponsor in June 1996, and the first draft appeared in December 1996. This final publication is much revised and updated from the draft.
Author: George Allen Collier Publisher: Food First Books ISBN: 9780935028973 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 306
Book Description
On January 1, 1994, in the impoverished state of Chiapas in southern Mexico, the Zapatista rebellion shot into the international spotlight. In this fully revised third edition of their classic study of the rebellion's roots, George Collier and Elizabeth Lowery Quaratiello paint a vivid picture of the historical struggle for land faced by the Maya Indians, who are among Mexico's poorest people. Examining the roles played by Catholic and Protestant clergy, revolutionary and peasant movements, the oil boom and the debt crisis, NAFTA and the free trade era, and finally the growing global justice movement, the authors provide a rich context for understanding the uprising and the subsequent history of the Zapatistas and rural Chiapas, up to the present day.
Author: Jan Rus Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers ISBN: 1461640059 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 325
Book Description
The dramatic January 1, 1994, emergence of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) in Chiapas, Mexico, brought the state's indigenous peoples to the attention of the international community. Yet indigenous peoples in Chiapas had been politically active and organized for years prior to the uprising. This compelling volume examines in detail these local and regional histories of power and resistance, powerfully bolstered by gripping and heartrending details of oppression and opposition. Situated broadly within the field of political anthropology, the authors trace the connections between indigenous culture and indigenous resistance. Their case studies include the Tzotzils and Tzeltals of the highland region, the Tojolabals of eastern Chiapas, northern Ch'ol communities, the Mams of eastern and southeastern Chiapas, and the settler communities of the Lacandon rain forest. In the wake of the Chiapas rebellion, all of these groups have increasingly come together around common goals, the most important of which is autonomy. Three essays focus specifically on the issue of Indian autonomy_in both Zapatista and non-Zapatista communities. Offering a consistent and cohesive vision of the complex evolution of a region and its many cultures and histories, this work is a fundamental source for understanding key issues in nation building. In a unique collaboration, the book brings together recognized authorities who have worked in Chiapas for decades, many linking scholarship with social and political activism. Their combined perspectives, many previously unavailable in English, make this volume the most authoritative, richly detailed, and authentic work available on the people behind the Zapatista movement.
Author: Publisher: Jeffrey Frank Jones ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 1780
Book Description
Over 1,700 total pages ... Contains the following publications: Visual Propaganda and Extremism in the Online Environment COUNTERMOBILIZATION: UNCONVENTIONAL SOCIAL WARFARE Social Media: More Than Just a Communications Medium HOW SOCIAL MEDIA AFFECTS THE DYNAMICS OF PROTEST Finding Weakness in Jihadist Propaganda NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING OF ONLINE PROPAGANDA AS A MEANS OF PASSIVELY MONITORING AN ADVERSARIAL IDEOLOGY AIRWAVES AND MICROBLOGS: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF AL-SHABAAB’S PROPAGANDA EFFECTIVENESS THE ISLAMIC STATE’S TACTICS IN SYRIA: ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN SHIFTING A PEACEFUL ARAB SPRING INTO TERRORISM TWEETING NAPOLEON AND FRIENDING CLAUSEWITZ: SOCIAL MEDIA AND THE #MILITARYSTRATEGIST TROLLING NEW MEDIA: VIOLENT EXTREMIST GROUPS RECRUITING THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA The Combatant Commander’s Guide to Countering ISIS’s Social Media Campaign #Terror - Social Media and Extremism THE WEAPONIZATION OF SOCIAL MEDIA THE COMMAND OF THE TREND: SOCIAL MEDIA AS A WEAPON IN THE INFORMATION AGE PEACEFUL PROTEST, POLITICAL REGIMES, AND THE SOCIAL MEDIA CHALLENGE THE WEAPONIZED CROWD: VIOLENT DISSIDENT IRISH REPUBLICANS EXPLOITATION OF SOCIAL IDENTITY WITHIN ONLINE COMMUNITIES Seizing the Digital High Ground: Military Operations and Politics in the Social Media Era PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL INFLUENCE CHARACTERISTIC AFFECTS ON EASE OF USE AND PEER INFLUENCE OF NEW MEDIA USERS OVER TIME FREE INTERNET AND SOCIAL MEDIA: A DUAL-EDGED SWORD
Author: John Arquilla Publisher: Rand Corporation ISBN: 0833032356 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 391
Book Description
Netwar-like cyberwar-describes a new spectrum of conflict that is emerging in the wake of the information revolution. Netwar includes conflicts waged, on the one hand, by terrorists, criminals, gangs, and ethnic extremists; and by civil-society activists (such as cyber activists or WTO protestors) on the other. What distinguishes netwar is the networked organizational structure of its practitioners-with many groups actually being leaderless-and their quickness in coming together in swarming attacks. To confront this new type of conflict, it is crucial for governments, military, and law enforcement to begin networking themselves.
Author: Sarah Washbrook Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1000115399 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 299
Book Description
Considered the most significant recent agrarian movement in Mexico, the 1994 EZLN uprising by the indigenous peasantry of Chiapas attracted world attention. Timed to coincide with the signing of the NAFTA agreement, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation reasserted the value of indigenous culture and opposed the spread of neo-liberalism associated with globalization. The essays in this collection examine the background to the 1994 uprising, together with the reasons for this, and also the developments in Chiapas and Mexico in the years since. Among the issues covered are the history of land reform in the region, the role of peasant and religious organizations in constructing a new politics of identity, the participation in the rebellion of indigenous women and changing gender relations, plus the impact of the Zapatistas on Mexican democracy. The international group of scholars contributing to the volume include Sarah Washbrook, George and Jane Collier, Antonio García de León, Daniel Villafuerte Solís, Gemma van der Haar, Mercedes Olivera, Marco Estrada Saavedra, Heidi Moksnes, Neil Harvey, and Tom Brass. This book was previously published as a special issue of The Journal of Peasant Studies.
Author: Manjunath Pendakur Publisher: University of Toronto Press ISBN: 1551930358 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 443
Book Description
This book reflects each contributor's vision of the future, visions that range from the enthusiastic and hopeful to the pessimistic and fearful.
Author: David Ronfeldt
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Author: George Allen Collier
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Author: Jan Rus
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Author: John Arquilla
Author: Sarah Washbrook
Author: Manjunath Pendakur
Author: Jeff Conant