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Author: W. James Bradley Publisher: SAGE Publications ISBN: 1452251126 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 225
Book Description
Undeniably, the amount of "human information" in our culture has increased by leaps and bounds. How that information is used has profound implications on the way we live as a society. At the same time, the discussion of values, norms, and purpose is often missing from the discourse of social research especially by those who work within the positivist framework. Authors James Bradley and Kurt Schaefer develop principles to guide the use of data and models in the human sciences. Writing as scholars who are at home with empirical and mathematical social science, yet taking seriously the critiques of this heritage, the authors propose ways of developing norms without becoming radically subjective. The Uses and Misuses of Data and Models argues eloquently that norms, values, and purpose need to become part of the common discourse of researchers, with more ethical and socially responsible research the result. The Uses and Misuses of Data and Models is an intriguing and thought-provoking book that will be of great interest to anyone involved in the enterprise of social research.
Author: W. James Bradley Publisher: SAGE Publications ISBN: 1452251126 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 225
Book Description
Undeniably, the amount of "human information" in our culture has increased by leaps and bounds. How that information is used has profound implications on the way we live as a society. At the same time, the discussion of values, norms, and purpose is often missing from the discourse of social research especially by those who work within the positivist framework. Authors James Bradley and Kurt Schaefer develop principles to guide the use of data and models in the human sciences. Writing as scholars who are at home with empirical and mathematical social science, yet taking seriously the critiques of this heritage, the authors propose ways of developing norms without becoming radically subjective. The Uses and Misuses of Data and Models argues eloquently that norms, values, and purpose need to become part of the common discourse of researchers, with more ethical and socially responsible research the result. The Uses and Misuses of Data and Models is an intriguing and thought-provoking book that will be of great interest to anyone involved in the enterprise of social research.
Author: James Bradley Publisher: SAGE ISBN: 0761909222 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 225
Book Description
Undeniably, the amount of "information" in our culture has increased by leaps and bounds. At the same time, discussion of values, norms and purpose is often missing from the discourse of social research - especially by those who work within the positivist framework. The authors of this book develop principles to guide the use of data and models in the human sciences. Writing as scholars who are at home with empirical and mathematical social science, yet taking seriously the critiques of this heritage, they propose ways of developing norms without becoming subjective.
Author: Donna M. Mertens Publisher: SAGE ISBN: 1412949181 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 689
Book Description
Brings together international scholars across the social and behavioural sciences and education to address those ethical issues that arise in the theory and practice of research within the technologically advancing and culturally complex world in which we live.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309037492 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 301
Book Description
This volume explores the scientific frontiers and leading edges of research across the fields of anthropology, economics, political science, psychology, sociology, history, business, education, geography, law, and psychiatry, as well as the newer, more specialized areas of artificial intelligence, child development, cognitive science, communications, demography, linguistics, and management and decision science. It includes recommendations concerning new resources, facilities, and programs that may be needed over the next several years to ensure rapid progress and provide a high level of returns to basic research.
Author: Gary Smith Publisher: Abrams ISBN: 1468310682 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 192
Book Description
How statistical data is used, misused, and abused every day to fool us: “A very entertaining book about a very serious problem.” —Robert J. Shiller, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics and author of Irrational Exuberance Did you know that baseball players whose names begin with “D” are more likely to die young? That Asian Americans are most susceptible to heart attacks on the fourth day of the month? That drinking a full pot of coffee every morning adds years to your life, but one cup a day increases your pancreatic cancer risk? These “facts” have been argued with a straight face by credentialed researchers and backed up with reams of data and convincing statistics. As Nobel Prize–winning economist Ronald Coase cynically observed, “If you torture data long enough, it will confess.” Lying with statistics is a time-honored con. In Standard Deviations, economics professor Gary Smith walks us through the various tricks and traps that people use to back up their own crackpot theories. Sometimes, the unscrupulous deliberately try to mislead us. Other times, the well-intentioned are blissfully unaware of the mischief they are committing. Today, data is so plentiful that researchers spend precious little time distinguishing between good, meaningful indicators and total rubbish. Not only do others use data to fool us, we fool ourselves. Drawing on breakthrough research in behavioral economics and using clear examples, Standard Deviations demystifies the science behind statistics and makes it easy to spot the fraud all around us. “An entertaining primer . . . packed with figures, tables, graphs and ludicrous examples from people who know better (academics, scientists) and those who don’t (political candidates, advertisers).” —Kirkus Reviews (starred review)
Author: Peter C. Bruce Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119741777 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
Explore the most serious prevalent ethical issues in data science with this insightful new resource The increasing popularity of data science has resulted in numerous well-publicized cases of bias, injustice, and discrimination. The widespread deployment of “Black box” algorithms that are difficult or impossible to understand and explain, even for their developers, is a primary source of these unanticipated harms, making modern techniques and methods for manipulating large data sets seem sinister, even dangerous. When put in the hands of authoritarian governments, these algorithms have enabled suppression of political dissent and persecution of minorities. To prevent these harms, data scientists everywhere must come to understand how the algorithms that they build and deploy may harm certain groups or be unfair. Responsible Data Science delivers a comprehensive, practical treatment of how to implement data science solutions in an even-handed and ethical manner that minimizes the risk of undue harm to vulnerable members of society. Both data science practitioners and managers of analytics teams will learn how to: Improve model transparency, even for black box models Diagnose bias and unfairness within models using multiple metrics Audit projects to ensure fairness and minimize the possibility of unintended harm Perfect for data science practitioners, Responsible Data Science will also earn a spot on the bookshelves of technically inclined managers, software developers, and statisticians.
Author: Warren S. Wooster Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1475720041 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 343
Book Description
This volume is concerned with the role of science in fishery management. While this has traditionally been considered as largely a biological problem with clear biological objectives, close examination suggests that management decisions are largely controlled by political, social and economic considerations, biologically constrained. The biologist now has the task of reducing the uncertainties of the venture rather than determining its priorities or its allocation of benefits. The uncertainties arise in part because of lack of understanding of the ecological systems involved, the limited availability of critical information, and the unpredictability of driving forces. The volume reviews the assumptions and simplifications of fishery models, examines the decision making framework in fishery management, and compares management practices in North America, Japan, and Northern Europe. A compilation of fishery management objectives in international agreements and U.S. laws is included.
Author: ITLESL Publisher: Pearson Education India ISBN: 8131799050 Category : Languages : en Pages : 271
Book Description
Data Warehousing and Data Mining is presented in a question-and-answer format following the examination pattern and covers all key topics in the syllabus. The book is designed to make learning fast and effective and is precise, up-to-date and will help students excel in their examinations. The book is part of the Express Learning is a series of books designed as quick reference guides to important undergraduate courses. The organized and accessible format of these books allows students to learn important concepts in an easy-to-understand, question-and-answer format. These portable learning tools have been designed as one-stop references for students to understand and master the subjects by themselves.
Author: Michael Goodchild Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9780792384366 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 544
Book Description
Geographic information systems have developed rapidly in the past decade, and are now a major class of software, with applications that include infrastructure maintenance, resource management, agriculture, Earth science, and planning. But a lack of standards has led to a general inability for one GIS to interoperate with another. It is difficult for one GIS to share data with another, or for people trained on one system to adapt easily to the commands and user interface of another. Failure to interoperate is a problem at many levels, ranging from the purely technical to the semantic and the institutional. Interoperating Geographic Information Systems is about efforts to improve the ability of GISs to interoperate, and has been assembled through a collaboration between academic researchers and the software vendor community under the auspices of the US National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis and the Open GIS Consortium Inc. It includes chapters on the basic principles and the various conceptual frameworks that the research community has developed to think about the problem. Other chapters review a wide range of applications and the experiences of the authors in trying to achieve interoperability at a practical level. Interoperability opens enormous potential for new ways of using GIS and new mechanisms for exchanging data, and these are covered in chapters on information marketplaces, with special reference to geographic information. Institutional arrangements are also likely to be profoundly affected by the trend towards interoperable systems, and nowhere is the impact of interoperability more likely to cause fundamental change than in education, as educators address the needs of a new generation of GIS users with access to a new generation of tools. The book concludes with a series of chapters on education and institutional change. Interoperating Geographic Information Systems is suitable as a secondary text for graduate level courses in computer science, geography, spatial databases, and interoperability and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry, commerce and government.
Author: W. James Bradley
Author: W. James Bradley
Author: James Bradley
Author: Donna M. Mertens
Author: National Research Council
Author: Gary Smith
Author: 
Author: Peter C. Bruce
Author: Warren S. Wooster
Author: ITLESL
Author: Michael Goodchild