The Use of Mass Spectrometry in Biomarker Discovery and Molecule Identification PDF Download

Author: William L. Wood
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 309

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Book Description
Over the past few years greater emphasis has been placed on biomarker discovery. Of most importance is identifying potential protein biomarkers of disease in biological fluids. Identification of such biomarkers would allow diseases to be identified faster and more reliably. This would lead to a faster diagnosis and more appropriate treatment. In order for this to be achieved, analytical tools that allow rapid screening, low sample consumption, and accurate identification of biomarkers need to be developed. Mass spectrometry is an analytical tool that is typically used for structural characterization of a wide variety of compounds. It is easily coupled to separation techniques (liquid chromatography or gas chromatography), allowing for the analysis of complex mixtures by mass spectrometry. This combination provides a powerful tool for the identification of biomarkers in biological fluids. The majority of this dissertation will focus on biomarker discovery in breath, human tissue, and amniotic fluid. Methods developed for biomarker discovery of two disease states, meningitidis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease) will be discussed, along with the results produced by these methods. Method development for identification of biomolecules in amniotic fluid will also be discussed.

Author: Haleem J. Issaq
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123947952
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 489

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Book Description
Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery demonstrates how to leverage biomarkers to improve accuracy and reduce errors in research. Disease biomarker discovery is one of the most vibrant and important areas of research today, as the identification of reliable biomarkers has an enormous impact on disease diagnosis, selection of treatment regimens, and therapeutic monitoring. Various techniques are used in the biomarker discovery process, including techniques used in proteomics, the study of the proteins that make up an organism, and metabolomics, the study of chemical fingerprints created from cellular processes. Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery is the only publication that covers techniques from both proteomics and metabolomics and includes all steps involved in biomarker discovery, from study design to study execution. The book describes methods, and presents a standard operating procedure for sample selection, preparation, and storage, as well as data analysis and modeling. This new standard effectively eliminates the differing methodologies used in studies and creates a unified approach. Readers will learn the advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques discussed, as well as potential difficulties inherent to all steps in the biomarker discovery process. A vital resource for biochemists, biologists, analytical chemists, bioanalytical chemists, clinical and medical technicians, researchers in pharmaceuticals, and graduate students, Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery provides the information needed to reduce clinical error in the execution of research. Describes the use of biomarkers to reduce clinical errors in research Includes techniques from a range of biomarker discoveries Covers all steps involved in biomarker discovery, from study design to study execution

Author: Ming Zhou
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781627033602
Category : Biochemical markers
Languages : en
Pages : 320

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Book Description
With the advent of proteomics came the development of technologies, primarily mass spectrometry, which allowed high-throughput identification of proteins in complex mixtures. While the mass spectrometer resides at the heart of proteomics, its ability to characterize biological samples is only as good as the sample preparation and data analysis tools used in any study. In Proteomics for Biomarker Discovery, expert researchers in the field detail many of the methods which are now commonly used to study proteomics. These methods and techniques include both label-free approaches and those that utilize stable isotopes incorporated both during cell growth or added via a chemical reaction once the proteome is extracted from the cell. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Proteomics for Biomarker Discovery seeks to aid scientists in the further study of the different sample preparation and data analysis tools used in proteomics today.

Author: Timothy D. Veenstra
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470007737
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 361

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Book Description
Written by recognized experts in the study of proteins, Proteomics for Biological Discovery begins by discussing the emergence of proteomics from genome sequencing projects and a summary of potential answers to be gained from proteome-level research. The tools of proteomics, from conventional to novel techniques, are then dealt with in terms of underlying concepts, limitations and future directions. An invaluable source of information, this title also provides a thorough overview of the current developments in post-translational modification studies, structural proteomics, biochemical proteomics, microfabrication, applied proteomics, and bioinformatics relevant to proteomics. Presents a comprehensive and coherent review of the major issues faced in terms of technology development, bioinformatics, strategic approaches, and applications Chapters offer a rigorous overview with summary of limitations, emerging approaches, questions, and realistic future industry and basic science applications Discusses higher level integrative aspects, including technical challenges and applications for drug discovery Accessible to the novice while providing experienced investigators essential information Proteomics for Biological Discovery is an essential resource for students, postdoctoral fellows, and researchers across all fields of biomedical research, including biochemistry, protein chemistry, molecular genetics, cell/developmental biology, and bioinformatics.

Author: Haleem J. Issaq
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128197889
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 504

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Book Description
Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery, Second Edition covers techniques from both proteomics and metabolomics and includes all steps involved in biomarker discovery, from study design to study execution. The book describes methods and presents a standard operating procedure for sample selection, preparation and storage, as well as data analysis and modeling. This new standard effectively eliminates the differing methodologies used in studies and creates a unified approach. Readers will learn the advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques discussed, as well as potential difficulties inherent to all steps in the biomarker discovery process. This second edition has been fully updated and revised to address recent advances in MS and NMR instrumentation, high-field NMR, proteomics and metabolomics for biomarker validation, clinical assays of biomarkers and clinical MS and NMR, identifying microRNAs and autoantibodies as biomarkers, MRM-MS assay development, top-down MS, glycosylation-based serum biomarkers, cell surface proteins in biomarker discovery, lipodomics for cancer biomarker discovery, and strategies to design studies to identify predictive biomarkers in cancer research. Addresses the full range of proteomic and metabolomic methods and technologies used for biomarker discovery and validation Covers all steps involved in biomarker discovery, from study design to study execution Serves as a vital resource for biochemists, biologists, analytical chemists, bioanalytical chemists, clinical and medical technicians, researchers in pharmaceuticals and graduate students

Author: Karoly Vekey
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080554652
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 607

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Book Description
Mass spectrometry is fast becoming an indispensable field for medical professionals. The mass spectrometric analysis of metabolites and proteins promises to revolutionize medical research and clinical diagnostics. As this technology rapidly enters the medical field, practicing professionals and students need to prepare to take full advantage of its capabilities. Medical Applications of Mass Spectrometry addresses the key issues in the medical applications of mass spectrometry at the level appropriate for the intended readership. It will go a long way to help the utilization of mass spectrometry in medicine.The book comprises five parts. A general overview is followed by a description of the basic sampling and separation methods in analytical chemistry. In the second part a solid foundation in mass spectrometry and modern techniques of data analysis is presented. The third part explains how mass spectrometry is used in exploring various classes of biomolecules, including proteins and lipids. In the fourth section mass spectrometry is introduced as a diagnostic tool in clinical treatment, infectious pathogen research, neonatal diagnostics, cancer, brain and allergy research, as well as in various fields of medicine: cardiology, pulmonology, neurology, psychiatric diseases, hemato-oncology, urologic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, gynecology and pediatrics. The fifth part covers emerging applications in biomarker discovery and in mass spectrometric imaging. * Provides a broad look at how the medical field is benefiting from advances in mass spectrometry.* Guides the reader from basic principles and methods to cutting edge applications.* There is NO comparable book on the market to fill this fast growing field.

Author: K.D. Rodland
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 9781586034610
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 56

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Book Description
One of the major goals of twenty-first century medicine is the identification of biomarkers for the earliest possible stages of disease involvement so that prompt clinical intervention can limit damage, reverse pathological change, and ideally effect a complete cure. New developments in the analytical field of mass spectrometry are providing clinicians and translational scientists with even more powerful tools for the discovery of novel biomarkers. A key requirement for the successful application of mass spectrometric approaches to biomarker discovery is a clear reference standard for the 'normal' human proteome, and a better understanding of the sources and extent of 'normal' variability in human plasma proteins. This special issue of Disease Markers includes examples of biomarker discovery efforts directed at breast and prostate cancers, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease.

Author: Mike S. Lee
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119359368
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 282

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Book Description
Presents Practical Applications of Mass Spectrometry for Protein Analysis and Covers Their Impact on Accelerating Drug Discovery and Development Covers both qualitative and quantitative aspects of Mass Spectrometry protein analysis in drug discovery Principles, Instrumentation, Technologies topics include MS of peptides, proteins, and ADCs , instrumentation in protein analysis, nanospray technology in MS protein analysis, and automation in MS protein analysis Details emerging areas from drug monitoring to patient care such as Identification and validation of biomarkers for cancer, targeted MS approaches for biomarker validation, biomarker discovery, and regulatory perspectives Brings together the most current advances in the mass spectrometry technology and related method in protein analysis

Author: Alisa G. Woods
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319060686
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 601

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Book Description
This volume explores the use of mass spectrometry for biomedical applications. Chapters focus on specific therapeutic areas such as oncology, infectious disease and psychiatry. Additional chapters focus on methodology as well as new technologies and instrumentation. This volume provides readers with a comprehensive and informative manual that will allow them to appreciate mass spectrometry and proteomic research but also to initiate and improve their own work. Thus the book acts as a technical guide but also a conceptual guide to the newest information in this exciting field. Mass spectrometry is the central tool used in proteomic research today and is rapidly becoming indispensable to the biomedical scientist. With the completion of the human genome project and the genomic revolution, the proteomic revolution has followed closely behind. Understanding the human proteome has become critical to basic and clinical biomedical research and holds the promise of providing comprehensive understanding of human physiological processes. In addition, proteomics and mass spectrometry are bringing unprecedented biomarker discovery and are helping to personalize medicine.

Author: Kai Dührkop
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Identification of small molecules remains a central question in analytical chemistry, in particular for natural product research, metabolomics, environmental research, and biomarker discovery. Mass spectrometry is the predominant technique for high-throughput analysis of small molecules. But it reveals only information about the mass of molecules and, by using tandem mass spectrometry, about the mass of molecular fragments. Automated interpretation of mass spectra is often limited to searching in spectral libraries, such that we can only dereplicate molecules for which we have already recorded reference mass spectra. In this thesis we present methods for answering two central questions: What is the molecular formula of the measured ion and what is its molecular structure? SIRIUS is a combinatorial optimization method for annotating a spectrum and identifying the ion's molecular formula by computing hypothetical fragmentation trees. We present a new scoring for computing fragmentation trees, transforming the combinatorial optimization into a maximum a posteriori estimator. This allows us to learn parameters and hyperparameters of the scoring directly from data. We demonstrate that the statistical model, which was fitted on a small dataset, generalises well across many different datasets and mass spectrometry instruments. In addition to tandem mass spectra, isotope pattern can be used for identifying the molecular formula of the precursor ion. We present a novel scoring for comparing isotope patterns based on maximum likelihood. We describe how to integrate the isotope pattern analysis into the fragmentation tree optimisation problem to analyse data were fragment peaks and isotope peaks occur within the same spectrum. We demonstrate that the new scorings significantly improves on the task of molecular formula assignment. We evaluate SIRIUS on several datasets and show that it outperforms all other methods for molecular formula annotation by a large margin. We also present CSI:FingerID, a method for predicting a molecular fingerprint from a tandem mass spectrum using kernel support vector machines. The predicted fingerprint can be searched in a structure database to identify the molecular structure. CSI:FingerID is based on FingerID, that uses probability product kernels on mass spectra for this task. We describe several novel kernels for comparing fragmentation trees instead of spectra. These kernels are combined using multiple kernel learning. We present a new scoring based on posterior probabilities and extend the method to use additional molecular fingerprints. We demonstrate on several datasets that CSI:FingerID identifies more molecules than its predecessor FingerID and outperforms all other methods for this task. We analyse how each of the methodological improvements of CSI:FingerID contributes to its identification performance and make suggestions for future improvements of the method. Both methods, SIRIUS and CSI:FingerID, are available as commandline tool and as user interface. The molecular fingerprint prediction is implemented as web service and receives over one million requests per month.