The use of code-switching, code-mixing and accomodation PDF Download

Author: Inga Walte
Publisher: Grin Publishing
ISBN: 9783638755030
Category :
Languages : de
Pages : 72

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Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,3, University of Hannover, 14 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Today, globalisation, the mass media and new technical innovations rule our modern world. All these factors include many foreign names which make it obligatory and important to be capable of English. Social and technological changes are factors which favour bilingualism. In some cases, the acquisition of English already starts in Kindergarten. Children learn a second language and are aware, in the best case, of two languages afterwards. Bilingualism is also the result of the increasing number of parents who have different backgrounds and thus speak different languages. Children grow up bilingually and consequently they can switch without any problems from one to the other language. Mainly, both systems are fully known to bilingual speakers as Meeuwis and Blommaert (1998) claim. But which actions make bilinguals switch from one language to the other? It is argued that code-switching does not occur arbitrarily. Auer says that "reported speech, a change of the interlocutor, side-comments, a new topic etc., may lead to a change of language" (Auer, 1998: 120). Thus, many factors like the setting, the interlocutor, the social circumstances or the topic play an important role when choosing the code. Besides, using a code serves to express something. You can show solidarity or refusal, social integrity or distance, intimacy or coldness via certain codes. As we can see, the choice of a code depends on many different factors and sometimes it is important to be aware which code to choose because every choice carries meaning and is interpreted by the interlocutors. In the following paper I will try to examine the phenomenon of code- switching with regard to the spin-offs Speech Accommodation Theory and code-mixing. In the second part of my paper I will attempt to analyse the emerge

Author: Jochen Mueller
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3656651604
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : de
Pages : 19

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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2012 im Fachbereich Didaktik für das Fach Englisch - Pädagogik, Sprachwissenschaft, Note: 1,3, Universität zu Köln, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Code- switching (CS) is a worldwide phenomenon and has been the norm in many different communities, but it was unnoticed and neglected by researchers for years. However, due to social changes, such as globalization and immigration, CS has surfaced in new places and thereby attracted attention. Nevertheless, those linguistics who researched into the occurrences of CS mostly commented on it negatively and categorized it as a form of interference and broken language. The perception of CS changed when Blom and Gumperz in 1972 focused on CS between dialects in a Norwegian fishing village and pointed at its social dimension and function. As a result, further studies of CS in various parts of the world were introduced and up until today it is a major research topic. Especially, the motivations for CS remain an interesting focus for those studies. Moreover, globalization and with this, the formation of multi-ethnical societies with a variety of different languages in a country is an on-going process and hence a late- breaking topic. Different sociolinguistic theories to explain this phenomenon have been developed. Two well-known approaches are Giles’s Speech Accommodation Theory, nowadays revised as Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) and Myers- Scotton’s Markedness Model (MM). The first has its basis in psychology as it explains CS as a form of accommodation to converge to the addressee in order to become more alike and therefore narrow social distance. In contrast, the socio-psychological MM also takes macro-level perspectives into consideration and provides a generalization about how motivations for CS are interpreted. In this paper I will focus on CS in multilingual societies and examine, whether this process is only a matter of convergence as CAT claims. Further, I will match this theory with the MM as it is the leading model in terms of CS in multilingual communities. First, I am going to explain the basic theory of both approaches. After the establishment of a profound theoretical basis, I will introduce a study by Burt, who re-examined CAT’s claim that every code- switch is motivated by convergence, respectively divergence. By this, the theoretical approaches will be put into practice and further examples from a multilingual family will be offered and closely analysed in terms of the motivations for the code- switches. Finally, an evaluation of the given analyses completes the paper and answers the question of the title.

Author: Rajend Mesthrie
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139500937
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 598

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The most comprehensive overview available, this Handbook is an essential guide to sociolinguistics today. Reflecting the breadth of research in the field, it surveys a range of topics and approaches in the study of language variation and use in society. As well as linguistic perspectives, the handbook includes insights from anthropology, social psychology, the study of discourse and power, conversation analysis, theories of style and styling, language contact and applied sociolinguistics. Language practices seem to have reached new levels since the communications revolution of the late twentieth century. At the same time face-to-face communication is still the main force of language identity, even if social and peer networks of the traditional face-to-face nature are facing stiff competition of the Facebook-to-Facebook sort. The most authoritative guide to the state of the field, this handbook shows that sociolinguistics provides us with the best tools for understanding our unfolding evolution as social beings.

Author: Barbara E. Bullock
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9781107605411
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Code-switching - the alternating use of two languages in the same stretch of discourse by a bilingual speaker - is a dominant topic in the study of bilingualism and a phenomenon that generates a great deal of pointed discussion in the public domain. This handbook provides the most comprehensive guide to this bilingual phenomenon to date. Drawing on empirical data from a wide range of language pairings, the leading researchers in the study of bilingualism examine the linguistic, social and cognitive implications of code-switching in up-to-date and accessible survey chapters. The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Code-switching will serve as a vital resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as a wide-ranging overview for linguists, psychologists and speech scientists and as an informative guide for educators interested in bilingual speech practices.

Author: Ping Liu
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638950824
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 29

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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2.3, University of Stuttgart (Institut für Linguistik), 40 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: The aim of this paper is to provide a complete overview over the phenomenon of code-switching and code-mixing. The history of the research of code change has undergone various periods that have shown how complex the phenomenon of codeswitching and code-mixing are. In the course of research of code change it has become clear that code-switching and code-mixing can be investigated from different perspectives. Researchers focused on code change after they had realized that linguistic forms and practices are interrelated. And code-switching/-mixing, in their turn, embodies not only variation, but the link between linguistic form and language use as social practice. Research from a linguistic and psycholinguistic perspective has focused on understanding the nature of the systematic of code change, as a way of revealing linguistic and potentially cognitive processes. Research on the psychological and social dimensions of code-switching/-mixing has largely been devoted to answering the questions of why speakers code change and what the social meaning of code change is for them. The sociological perspective later goes on to attempt to use the answer to those questions to illuminate how language operates as a social process. Throughout the history of research on code-switching/-mixing it has been proposed that it is necessary to link all these forms of analysis and that, indeed, it is that possibility that is one of the most compelling reasons for studying code-switching/- mixing, since such a link would permit the development and verification of hypotheses regarding the relationship among linguistic, cognitive and social processes in a more general way (Heller, Pfaff 1996). As with any aspect of language contact phenomena, research on code- switching

Author: Charlotte Hoffmann
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317887662
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 368

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Book Description
An Introduction to Bilingualism provides a comprehensive review of the most important aspects of individual and societal bilingualism, examining both theoretcial and practical issues. At the level of the individual, it addresses such questios as: What is involved in the study of bilingual children? What are the patterns of bilingual language acquisition? In which ways do the language competence and the speech of bilinguals differ from those of monolinguals? Topics that sometimes arouse controversy are explored - such as the question of whether there is a relationship between bilingualsim and a child's cognitive, psychological and social development. The book is also concerned with multilingualism, that is, bilingualsim as a societal phenomenon. It focuses on such issues as language choice in bilingual and multilingual communities, national identity and the education of bilinguals. The inclusion of several case studies of European linguistic minorities serves to exemplify the topics dealt with at the theoretical level and to illustrate the linguistic complexities found in contemporary Europe.

Author: Judith N. Martin
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities, Social Sciences & World Languages
ISBN: 9780767407106
Category : Comunicación intercultural
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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This text addresses the core issues and concerns of intercultural communication by integrating three different perspectives: the social psychological, the interpretive, and the critical. The dialectical framework, integrated throughout the book, is used as a lens to examine the relationship of these research traditions.

Author: Pieter Muysken
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521771684
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 326

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This book provides an in depth analysis of the different ways in which bilingual speakers switch from one language to another in the course of conversation. This phenomenon, known as code-mixing or code-switching, takes many forms. Pieter Muysken adopts a comparative approach to distinguish between the different types of code-mixing, drawing on a wealth of data from bilingual settings throughout the world. His study identifies three fundamental and distinct patterns of mixing - 'insertion', 'alternation' and 'congruent lexicalization' - and sets out to discover whether the choice of a particular mixing strategy depends on the contrasting grammatical properties of the languages involved, the degree of bilingual competence of the speaker or various social factors. The book synthesizes a vast array of recent research in a rapidly growing field of study which has much to reveal about the structure and function of language.

Author: Carol M. Eastman
Publisher: Multilingual Matters
ISBN: 9781853591679
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 234

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The twelve papers featured in this book focus on codeswitching as an urban language-contact phenomenon. Some papers seek to distinguish codeswitching from other contact phenomenon such as borrowing or language mixing, while others look at the effect codeswitching has on one's position in society. The papers discuss such topics as the politics of codeswitching, the role of using more than one language in social identity, attitudes toward multi-language use, and the way codeswitching may occur as a community norm.

Author: Nevin Baidoun
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3346463540
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 27

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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Speech Science / Linguistics, grade: 2,7, University of Würzburg, language: English, abstract: Code-switching could thus be seen as one of the characteristics that defines life in Beirut, the capital of Lebanon, for visitors and its residents. Concerning two different episodes from a Lebanese talk show, the question posed in the given paper is whether, the topic of a conversation or speech influences the usage of code switching by Lebanese native speakers with regard to, for example, frequency or type of their code-switching. Therefore, I also want to look at why a speaker could do code-switching when talking about certain topics. Arabic is the most widely spoken language by the six million inhabitants of Lebanon, as article 11 of its Constitution states, “Arabic is the official national language. A law determines the cases in which the French language may be used.” Due to the fact that Lebanon was under French rule during the first half of the 20th century (1918-1948), French is unsurprisingly used as a second language today. Nevertheless, since “English is seen as the language of business, technology and communications with the non-Arab world”, it is increasingly gaining status in Lebanon and especially among the younger generation. As a consequence, Arabic, French and English are frequently mixed in written and spoken language. When observing Lebanese television, it even seems as if the English-Arabic code-switching is steadily increasing a few years. In contrast to the comparatively abundant research on code-switching between Arabic and English (or any other language), whereby the focus here is often on dialects from greater nations like Egypt, Algeria or Saudi-Arabia, research on code-switching between the dialect of the smallest Arabic nation Lebanon and English is rather limited. One of the reasons therefore could be the fact that English was only introduced to schools in Lebanon in the 21st century. The consequence for this is that Lebanon will still be associated with French as its lingua franca, although an increasing number of Lebanese people are speaking English.