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Author: Masataka Fujita Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461556635 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 264
Book Description
measure of the rate of innovation --research-and-development (R&D) expenditure per employee compared to new patents received per employee -- does not adequately capture a unique feature of SMEs, namely that owners and managers are often themselves innovators. For example, in Japan 52 per cent of SMEs' innovations reported in 1986 were created by employers, whereas in large firms 72 per cent of innovations were created by research technicians. Nevertheless, patchy evidence from Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States indicates that SMEs at least hold their own in terms of innovation compared to large firms. Perhaps most significantly, a recent study indicates that, while the total number of innovations is positively related to R&D expenditures, skilled labour and the degree to which large firms comprise the industry, in innovative industries innovative activity tends to emanate more from SMEs than large firms. This is probably because in industries where large firms dominate, SMEs need to be innovative to survive. There is much information to suggest that in technologies such as micro-electronics, new materials and biotechnology SMEs tend to be in the vanguard of innovation. Small and medium-sized enterprises as exporters. The contribution of SMEs to a national economy from exporting is generally small; for example, in Japan SMEs accounted for only 13 per cent of merchandise exports in 1990.
Author: Masataka Fujita Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461556635 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 264
Book Description
measure of the rate of innovation --research-and-development (R&D) expenditure per employee compared to new patents received per employee -- does not adequately capture a unique feature of SMEs, namely that owners and managers are often themselves innovators. For example, in Japan 52 per cent of SMEs' innovations reported in 1986 were created by employers, whereas in large firms 72 per cent of innovations were created by research technicians. Nevertheless, patchy evidence from Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States indicates that SMEs at least hold their own in terms of innovation compared to large firms. Perhaps most significantly, a recent study indicates that, while the total number of innovations is positively related to R&D expenditures, skilled labour and the degree to which large firms comprise the industry, in innovative industries innovative activity tends to emanate more from SMEs than large firms. This is probably because in industries where large firms dominate, SMEs need to be innovative to survive. There is much information to suggest that in technologies such as micro-electronics, new materials and biotechnology SMEs tend to be in the vanguard of innovation. Small and medium-sized enterprises as exporters. The contribution of SMEs to a national economy from exporting is generally small; for example, in Japan SMEs accounted for only 13 per cent of merchandise exports in 1990.
Author: Oded Shenkar Publisher: SAGE ISBN: 1412949068 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 617
Book Description
Written by two leading international business scholars, the Second Edition of International Business takes a truly global perspective that goes beyond the United States, presents the latest concepts, tools and events and adopts integrated and problem-solving approaches for all chapters. The book highlights the role of culture, politics and legal issues in international business and illustrates how they influence institutions, structures and processes that permeate all functions of business. This is the only international business textbook that offers dedicated discussion of small and mid-size international firms (where many students are likely to be employed) in addition to large multinational enterprises. It is also the only text to offer chapters on corruption, e-commerce, and international entrepreneurship. The book offers a highly integrated and action-focused approach to the field that helps the reader make explicit connections across concepts and functions, develops the skill to address various IB issues and problems, and most importantly, broadens understanding of the global business environment and its repercussions for executives. In addition to superior internal integration of the various issues discussed in the book (for example this may be the only IB text where the chapter on finance and accounting has specific references to culture and how it affects those functions), the book provides easy to understand links to functional business areas, thus enabling better integration within the BA or MBA business curriculum. This book is suitable for both undergraduate and graduate business students taking such courses as international business, international Management, Global Business, Global Business Strategy, Multinational Management, Foreign Direct Investment.
Author: Hamid Etemad Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1845421558 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 299
Book Description
The drivers of globalization are removing the barriers that segregated the competitive space of the small and large firms in the past. It is becoming increasingly difficult for independent small firms to thrive in their traditional markets unless they are globally competitive. Managing an enterprise's commercial, industrial and political relations well, regardless of size and location, is the essence of the entrepreneurial challenge in this competitive arena. Small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) often face very different issues than large multinational enterprises do when confronting internationalization. This volume provides an in-depth discussion of these challenges. The contributors to this volume explore the emerging patterns of SME growth and international expansion in response to the evolving competitive environment, dynamics of competitive behavior, entrepreneurial processes and formulation of strategy. They examine the basis and requirements of growth and expansion from three perspectives: the rapidly-changing environment in which business is conducted, entrepreneurial characteristics, and the evolving strategic and competitive response to this changing business environment. Business leaders, scholars and students interested in international business and entrepreneurship will welcome this volume.
Author: Mathew J. Manimala Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811062986 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 425
Book Description
This edited volume develops an understanding of the strategies, processes, issues and concerns involved when small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) go international with their local products/services and vice versa. It is a compendium of eighteen selected chapters on the subject, supported by an introductory chapter. The contributions are organized in four parts based on the sub-themes they deal with. The first part, containing the introductory chapter, provides different perspectives on transnational entrepreneurship, returnee entrepreneurship and their linkages with the internationalization process. The subsequent parts have chapters dealing with three sub-themes of the subject – the internal factors (individual and firm-level resources), the external factors (entrepreneurial ecosystem), and the process of organizational transformation and change, respectively, in the context of SME internationalization. Special issues and challenges being faced by SME entrepreneurs in emerging economies have been highlighted in this book, discussing key contemporary issues with regard to internationalization in the three dimensions outlined above. Further, the book explains how an entrepreneur can engineer the transformation of his/her organization into an international SME. This book is a very useful resource for entrepreneurs and policy-makers in general, and for academics and researchers in particular, as it provides an overview of the contemporary research in the critical areas of SME internationalization and transnational entrepreneurship by highlighting the linkages between them with special reference to emerging economies.
Author: Hamid Etemad Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 9781843767084 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
Globalization has begun to dismantle the barriers that traditionally segregated local business opportunities and local firms from their international counterparts. The works in this collection provide new insights on both traditional and emerging aspects of small and medium sized enterprises.
Author: Thilo Rensmann Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0198795653 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 417
Book Description
International economic law, with its traditional focus on large multinational enterprises, is only slowly waking up to the new reality of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In the wake of the digital revolution, smaller companies now play an important role in the economic landscape. In 2015 the UN expressly called for SMEs to have greater access to international trade and investment, and it is increasingly recognized that the integration of SMEs provides one of the keys to creating a more sustainable and inclusive global economy. As 'born global' SMEs increasingly permeate transnational supply chains, so interactions between these companies and legal policy makers proliferate. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in International Economic Law offers the first comprehensive analysis of the interaction between SMEs and international economic law. This book presents a broad international perspective, gathering together contributions by leading experts from academia, legal practice, and international organizations. It opens up a field of enquiry into this so far unexplored dynamic and provide a touchstone for future debate. Diverse perspectives illuminate regional developments (in particular within the EU), such as State Aid and the implications of multinational free trade partnership agreements. The analysis covers a broad spectrum of international trade and investment law focusing on issues of particular interest to SMEs, such as trade in services, government procurement, and trade facilitation. The essays also examine questions of legitimacy and conduct in the global marketplace; in particular, concerns surrounding the threat posed to the interests of domestic SMEs by the growing liberalization of international trade and investment. These essays constitute essential reading for practitioners and academics seeking to navigate a previously neglected trend in international economic law.
Author: Pia Popal Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 0429516290 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 335
Book Description
While the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities of small firms have been analysed to some extent, their engagement in international networks relating to CSR is less understood. Most of these networks primarily address the needs of multinational corporations. Surprisingly, however, the number of small firms participating in such institutions has substantially increased over recent years. But what is the reason for this new interest of SME in institutional forms of CSR? Based on a qualitative empirical study of German small firms’ participation in the most prominent CSR institution, the UN Global Compact, this book explores the drivers for small firm participation. The motivations are complex and do not follow the same hierarchical order associated with large business behaviour. Rather, reasons for institutional engagement suggest a heterarchical structure, where alignment is contingent upon factors such as individual CSR perception, self-conception or social environment. The book explains why small firms prefer to engage in sustainable development within institutionalised forms of CSR rather than act in isolation, and provides recommendations on how to support and thus increase SME participation in institutionalised forms of civic engagement.
Author: Elena G. Popkova Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030694151 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 2287
Book Description
This proceedings book reflects the alternative way of development of the modern global economic system. It sets evolutionary development in opposition to revolutionary leap. The search for the best way to develop the world economy in the present and future is carried out. The social environment and the human-centered development of the modern global economic system have been explored. The features of training of personnel for the modern global economic system through the development of vocational education and training have been studied. Sustainable development, energy and food security have been identified as significant milestones of the progress of the modern global economic system. Innovations and digital technologies have been suggested as the drivers of growth and development of the modern global economic system. Consideration has been given to the institutional framework and legal groundwork for the development of the modern global economic system. The fundamentals have been identified and recommendations have been put forward for improving governmental regulation, financial and capital investment support for integration in the modern global economic system. The book includes the best works based on the results of the 22nd International Research-to-Practice Conference “Current Issues of the Global Economy” which was held on June 19, 2020, at the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (PFUR) (Moscow, Russia) and the 14th National Research-to-Practice Conference “A New Paradigm of Social and Economic Development in the Age of Intelligent Machines,” which was held on May 14–16, 2020 (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia), VIII International Research-to-Practice Conference “Multipolar Globalization and Russia,” which was held on May 21–23, 2020 (Rostov-on-Don, Russia), III All-Russian Research-to-Practice Conference “Power, Business, and Education: The Ascent to Man,” which was held on May 21–22, 2020 (Krasnoyarsk, Russia), International Research-to-Practice Conference “Current Issues and Ways of Industrial Development: Engineering and Technologies,” which was held from September 28, 2020, till October 1, 2020 (Komsomolsk-on-Amur), and the 15th National Research-to-Practice Conference “New Models of Behavior of Market Players in the Conditions of Digital Economy,” which was held on October 29–30, 2020, at Ufa State Oil Technical University, Institute of Economics and Service (Ufa, Russia). The target audience of the book consists of scholars studying the features of development of the global economic system at the present stage and the prospects for its future progress.
Author: K. Ibeh Publisher: Springer ISBN: 0230237320 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 316
Book Description
International business is synonymous with big challenges. Cultural and institutional complexities remain ever potent, so are 'newer' concerns like climate change and international terrorism. This timely book examines these challenges from the perspectives of different international business actors.
Author: Ehud Menipaz Publisher: SAGE ISBN: 1446243206 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 674
Book Description
What is international business? How does it differ from local or national business? What are the fundamental challenges and emerging trends in international business? What is the impact of globalization, corporate social responsibility, and the ever expanding use of digital technology on corporate strategies and executive decisions? International Business: Theory and Practice addresses these questions by providing the student with a broad overview of the subject, while guiding readers through the practical issues and context of international business with the use of a range of examples, cases and discussion questions drawn from around the world. Current critical issues in international business are analysed and explored: corporate social responsibility in an era of unprecedented globalization, the rise of the global entrepreneur and the `democratization′ of competition worldwide, and applications of technology in a digital economy. Key Features: - Unpacks the complex issues facing both multi-national enterprises (MNE) and international small and medium enterprises (SME) - Contains a full range of learning features including international case studies, explanations of key terms, a glossary, and annotated further reading - A dedicated companion website with material to support both lecturers and students.
Author: Masataka Fujita
Author: Masataka Fujita
Author: Oded Shenkar
Author: Hamid Etemad
Author: Mathew J. Manimala
Author: Hamid Etemad
Author: Thilo Rensmann
Author: Pia Popal
Author: Elena G. Popkova
Author: K. Ibeh
Author: Ehud Menipaz