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Author: Paul Montagna Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The rapid increase in instability of fossil fuels has led to a more aggressive search for reliable alternative energy. This has led to the rise of fuel cells as a popular and effective source of energy in large-scale applications. However, their development for usage in small-scale applications is still in its early stages. Many factors and concerns including, but not limited to, flow chamber geometry, electrode geometry, fuel molarity, fuel flow rate, gas flow rates, and electrode fabrication methods, must be further explored and analyzed. Once this is done, a feasible micro fuel cell capable of replacing current comparable lithium-ion batteries in powering small electronics may be developed. This thesis presents a review of micro direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC's) and discusses how each of the above parameters, as well as others, factor into DMFC performance. Initial iterations of a mathematical model used to predict the performance of a DMFC as a function of various experimental parameters is also discussed. Several of these factors, including fuel molarity and flow rate, were further explored using the presented experimental setup and procedure. From this, it was concluded that a methanol fuel molarity of 1M and a fuel flow rate of 18 ml/hr resulted in the highest power densities. It should be noted that these parameters were independently tested, using constant standard parameters to isolate a single testing parameter. While both the experimental and model results are promising, they are just the beginning of the modeling and experimental testing required to produce a feasible final product. Future research plans include further refining the mathematical model and performing experimental tests to measure power density as a function of electrode geometry and fuel temperature.
Author: Paul Montagna Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The rapid increase in instability of fossil fuels has led to a more aggressive search for reliable alternative energy. This has led to the rise of fuel cells as a popular and effective source of energy in large-scale applications. However, their development for usage in small-scale applications is still in its early stages. Many factors and concerns including, but not limited to, flow chamber geometry, electrode geometry, fuel molarity, fuel flow rate, gas flow rates, and electrode fabrication methods, must be further explored and analyzed. Once this is done, a feasible micro fuel cell capable of replacing current comparable lithium-ion batteries in powering small electronics may be developed. This thesis presents a review of micro direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC's) and discusses how each of the above parameters, as well as others, factor into DMFC performance. Initial iterations of a mathematical model used to predict the performance of a DMFC as a function of various experimental parameters is also discussed. Several of these factors, including fuel molarity and flow rate, were further explored using the presented experimental setup and procedure. From this, it was concluded that a methanol fuel molarity of 1M and a fuel flow rate of 18 ml/hr resulted in the highest power densities. It should be noted that these parameters were independently tested, using constant standard parameters to isolate a single testing parameter. While both the experimental and model results are promising, they are just the beginning of the modeling and experimental testing required to produce a feasible final product. Future research plans include further refining the mathematical model and performing experimental tests to measure power density as a function of electrode geometry and fuel temperature.
Author: Kingshuk Dutta Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128191597 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 565
Book Description
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology presents the overall progress witnessed in the field of DMFC over the past decade, highlighting the components, materials, functions, properties and features, designs and configurations, operations, modelling, applications, pros and cons, social, political and market penetration, economics and future directions. The book discusses every single aspect of DMFC device technology, the associated advantages and drawbacks of state-of-the-art materials and design, market opportunities and commercialization aspects, and possible future directions of research and development. This book, containing critical analyses and opinions from experts around the world, will garner considerable interest among actual users/scientists/experts. - Analyzes developments of membrane electrolytes, electrodes, catalysts, catalyst supports, bipolar plates, gas diffusion layers and flow channels as critical components of direct methanol fuel cells - Includes modeling of direct methanol fuel cells to understand their scaling up potentials - Discusses commercial aspects of direct methanol fuel cells in terms of market penetration, end application, cost, viability, reliability, social and commercial perception, drawbacks and prospects
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 1
Book Description
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs) are receiving increasing attention since they are regarded as promising electrochemical systems for directly converting the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy in a wide range of portable and transportation applications. [partial abstract].
Author: S. Kakaç Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402082959 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 436
Book Description
This volume contains an archival record of the NATO Advanced Institute on Mini – Micro Fuel Cells – Fundamental and Applications held in Çesme – Izmir, Turkey, July 22–August 3, 2007. The ASIs are intended to be a high-level teaching activity in scientific and technical areas of current concern. In this volume, the reader may find interesting chapters on Mini- Micro Fuel Cells with fundamentals and applications. In recent years, fu- cell development, modeling and performance analysis has received much attention due to their potential for distributed power which is a critical issue for energy security and the environmental protection. Small fuel cells for portable applications are important for the security. The portable devices (many electronic and wireless) operated by fuel cells for providing all-day power, are very valuable for the security, for defense and in the war against terrorism. Many companies in NATO and non-NATO countries have concentrated to promote the fuel cell industry. Many universities with industrial partners committed to the idea of working together to develop fuel cells. As tech- logy advanced in the 1980s and beyond, many government organizations joined in spending money on fuel-cell research. In recent years, interest in using fuel cells to power portable electronic devices and other small equipment (cell phones, mobile phones, lab-tops, they are used as micro power source in biological applications) has increased partly due to the promise of fuel cells having higher energy density.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 53
Book Description
This research project was focused on the development and testing of Micro Direct-Methanol Fuel Cells (Micro DMFC). A Si-based Micro DMFC was developed and its electrochemical characteristics studied. The peak power density reached 50 mW/sq cm at 60 deg C.A new MEA design was successfully developed to mitigate MeOH crossover without requiring novel membranes. A Micro DMFC was also fabricated by using photochemically etched stainless steel bipolar plates and the performance was improved to achieve a maximum power density of 100 mW/sq cm at 60 deg C and atmospheric pressure. Water crossover through the membrane was found to be a critical issue to limit direct use of high concentration fuel. A solution using the capillary pressure to push water back from the cathode to anode and a thin membrane such as Nafion 112 has been successfully developed. The net water crossover through the membrane was reduced by a factor of five. This paves the way to directly use concentrated fuel on the anode. An 8-cell air-breathing DMFC stack was developed and demonstrated. Cathode flooding was totally avoided using our newly developed water management strategy. It was found that O2 transport in air-breathing operation is sufficient. Results also demonstrated that it is feasible to finally use pure methanol in a completely passive DMFC. Experimental results proved the degassing ability of sandwiched membrane breather to separate CO2 from aqueous methanol fuel stream in the Micro DMFC, and we determined that the bubble breathing feature can take a more active role in the microfluidic management of the whole system. Since the bubble breathing rate can be much faster than condensing rate of vapor bubble, which led to inefficiency of most reported micro bubble pumps, our degassing technique with hydrophobic porous membrane opened a great opportunity for a self-pumping mechanism to circulate the fuel inside Micro DMFC.
Author: Ramiz Gültekin Akay Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128187360 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
Direct Liquid Fuel Cells is a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals and specificities of the use of methanol, ethanol, glycerol, formic acid and formate, dimethyl ether, borohydride, hydrazine and other promising liquid fuels in fuel cells. Each chapter covers a different liquid fuel-based fuel cell such as: Anode catalysts of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), future system designs and future trends for direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs), development of catalysts for direct glycerol fuel cells (DGFCs), the mechanisms of the reactions taking place at the anode and cathode electrodes, and the reported anode catalysts for direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) and direct formate fuel cell (DFFC), characteristics of direct dimethyl ether fuel cell (DDMEFC), including its electrochemical and operating systems and design, the developments in direct borohydride fuel cells, the development of catalysts for direct hydrazine fuel cells (DHFCs), and also the uncommonly used liquids that have a potential for fuel cell applications including 2-propanol, ethylene glycol, ascorbic acid and ascorbate studied in the literature as well as utilization of some blended fuels. In each part, the most recent literature is reviewed and the state of the art is presented. It also includes examples of practical problems with solutions and a summarized comparison of performance, advantages, and limitations of each type of fuel cell discussed. Direct Liquid Fuel Cells is not a typical textbook but rather designed as a reference book of which any level of students (undergraduate or graduate), instructors, field specialists, industry and general audience, who benefit from current and complete understanding of the many aspects involved in the development and operation of these types of fuel cells, could make use of any chapter when necessary. - Presents information on different types of direct liquid fuel cells. - Explores information under each section, for specific fuel-based fuel cells in more detail in terms of the materials used. - Covers three main sections: direct alcohol, organic fuel-based and inorganic fuel-based fuel cells
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 4
Book Description
Direct methanol fuel cells for portable power applications have been advanced significantly under DARPA- and ARO-sponsored programs over the last five years. A liquid-feed direct methanol fuel cell developed under these programs, employs a proton exchange membrane as electrolyte and operates on aqueous solutions of methanol with air or oxygen as the oxidant. Power densities as high as 320 mW/cm2 have been demonstrated. Demonstration of five-cell stack based on the liquid-feed concept have been successfully performed by Giner Inc. and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Over 2000 hours of life-testing have been completed on these stacks. These fuel cells have been also been demonstrated by USC to operate on alternate fuels such as trimethoxymethane, dimethoxymethane and trioxane. Reduction in the parasitic loss of fuel across the fuel cell, a phenomenon termed as {open_quotes}fuel crossover{close_quotes} has been achieved using polymer membranes developed at USC. As a result efficiencies as high as 40% is considered attainable with this type of fuel cell. The state-of-development has reached a point where it is now been actively considered for stationary, portable and transportation applications. The research and development issues have been the subject of several previous articles and the present article is an attempt to summarize the key advances in this technology.
Author: Paul Montagna
Author: Paul Montagna
Author: Kingshuk Dutta
Author: 
Author: S. Kakaç
Author: 
Author: Ramiz Gültekin Akay
Author: Arne Geiger
Author: 
Author: Laszlo George
Author: Electrochemical Society. Energy Technology Division