Author: Bernard Slippers Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400719604 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 307
Book Description
The Sirex woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, is the most important invasive alien insect pest of Pinus plantations in the Southern Hemisphere. It now also threatens pines in North America. This book brings together the worldwide knowledge of researchers from Universities and Government institutions, as well as forest industry practitioners that have worked on the pest. Importantly, it is the first comprehensive treatment of the subject since S. noctilio was discovered outside its native range around 1900. The book covers all aspects of the biology and management of S. noctilio, including aspects of the insects’ taxonomy, general life history, host-plant relationships, population dynamics, chemical ecology and symbiosis with the fungus Amylostereum areolatum. The book also contains a comprehensive synthesis of the history and current status of the pest and worldwide efforts to control it, including biological control, silviculture and quarantine.
Author: Elizabeth Erin Morris Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 128
Book Description
The invasive woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, has significant negative impacts on pine trees. Since the discovery of established populations of S. noctilio in New York State and Ontario in 2005, a parasitic nematode, Deladenus siricidicola, has been considered for release for biological control in the United States. North American Sirex control proves to be complicated, due to the presence of native species of Sirex which are not considered to be pests, different species and isolates of the obligate fungal symbiont of S. noctilio, Amylostereum areolatum, and the presence of different species and strains of Deladenus nematodes. Nematodes in the genus Deladenus associated with siricids have two different forms: a mycophagous form that feeds on the Sirexsymbiotic fungi and a form that parasitizes Sirex and is transferred from tree to tree during oviposition by Sirex. I evaluated the ability of D. siricidicola (Kamona strain) to reproduce when feeding on different isolates of A. areolatum and found that nematode populations persisted on all isolates tested. One of the slowest growing fungal isolates, ScyME, produced the most nematodes when the fungus was given five and ten days of growth prior to nematode inoculation, while the fastest growing fungus, Aussie, never produced the most nematodes. Although nematodes in all treatments produced eggs, D. siricidicola populations were unable to replace themselves when feeding on the fungal isolate SedDF. In another study, a culture of Deladenus nematodes established from a native Sirex nigricornis was identified as Deladenus proximus using molecular and morphometric techniques. I compared the ability of D. proximus and D. siricidicola (Kamona) to reproduce when feeding on native and invasive isolates of Amylostereum fungus. D. siricidicola were able to reproduce on all isolates of A. areolatum tested, but reproduced poorly on the A. areolatum isolate they would be most likely to encounter in northeastern North America, should the nematode be released. D. proximus were able to reproduce well on both A. chailletii and A. areolatum, despite prior evidence suggesting only A. chailletii is a suitable food source, leading to the suggestion that this native nematode should be evaluated for its ability to parasitize and sterilize S. noctilio. To study phylogenetic relationships among native Deladenus spp. in the northeastern United States and the Kamona strain of D. siricidicola, three genes (mtCO1, LSU, and ITS) from nematodes extracted from parasitized Sirex spp. collected inside and outside of the range of S. noctilio were analyzed. Results showed each Sirex species has its own associated Deladenus parasite. This study provided evidence that D. proximus can parasitize S. noctilio, and that D. siricidicola can parasitize S. nigricornis, indicating potential for non-target impacts of a biological control program using D. siricidicola against S. noctilio. In another study, I investigated a hypothesized role reversal wherein fungal hyphae invade and kill nematode eggs. D. siricidicola eggs were exposed to multiple isolates of A. areolatum to quantify the number of eggs lost to fungal invasion. A. areolatum and A. chailletii were observed via a combination of cryogenic scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy for their ability to parasitize both eggs and adults of D. siricidicola and D. proximus. This study reports the first evidence of a Basidiomycete destroying nematode eggs, as well as a novel trapping mechanism used to capture and parasitize two species of adult female Deladenus.
Author: Peter G Mason Publisher: CABI ISBN: 1780642571 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 544
Book Description
Canada is a world leader in biological control research. Reporting the status of biocontrol agents released in Canada over the last decade, this book presents case studies by target pest that evaluate the impact of biocontrol and recommend future priorities. In addition to a new chapter on future targets and an appendix listing established agents, this edition contains information of interest to a global audience, and chapters that address effects of invasive species and climate change.
Author: Kostas Bourtzis Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420064118 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 444
Book Description
The associations between insects and microorganisms, while pervasive and of paramount ecological importance, have been relatively poorly understood. The third book in this set, Insect Symbiosis, Volume 3, complements the previous volumes in exploring this somewhat uncharted territory. Like its predecessors, Volume 3 illustrates how symbiosis resear
Author: Timothy D. Paine Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319247441 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 888
Book Description
Insect and disease issues are often specific to the Mediterranean forest systems rather than shared with the temperate forests. In addition to the specific native insects and diseases, the forests are subject to the invasion of exotic species. The forests are also at risk from high degrees of human activity, including changing patterns of forest fires, land management activities, intensive plantation forestry using introduced timber species from other Mediterranean climate zones, and atmospheric deposition. Combined with elements of global climate change that may disproportionately affect Mediterranean climate systems, this creates a number of significant management issues that are unique to the Mediterranean forests. It is our goal that the information contained in this volume will contribute to understanding the unique aspects of Mediterranean forest systems and to protecting these critical resources.
Author: Sergio A. Estay Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030351432 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 239
Book Description
By providing multiple economic goods and ecosystem services, Latin American forests play a key role in the environmental, social and economic welfare of the region’s countries. From the tropical forests of Central America to the Mediterranean and temperate vegetation of the southern cone, these forests face a myriad of phytosanitary problems that negatively impact on both conservation efforts and forest industry. This book brings together the perspectives of several Latin American researchers on pest and disease management. Each chapter provides modern views of the status and management alternatives to problems as serious as the impact of introduced exotic insects and diseases on Pinus and Eucalyptus plantations throughout the continent, and the emergence of novel insect outbreaks in tropical and temperate native forests associated with global warming. It is a valuable guide for researchers and practitioners working on forest health in Latin America and around the world.
Author: Trevor Fenning Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400770766 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 823
Book Description
This book addresses the challenges and opportunities faced by the world’s forests posed by climate change, conservation objectives, and sustainable development needs including bioenergy, outlining the research and other efforts that are needed to understand these issues, along with the options and difficulties for dealing with them. It contains sections on sustainable forestry & conservation; forest resources worldwide; forests, forestry and climate change; the economics of forestry; tree breeding & commercial forestry; biotechnological approaches; genomic studies with forest trees; bio-energy, lignin & wood; and forest science, including ecological studies. The chapters are contributed by prominent organisations or individuals with an established record of achievement in these areas, and present their ideas on these topics with the aim of providing a ready source of information and guidance on these topics for politicians, policy makers and scientists for many years to come.
Author: Bernard Slippers
Author: 
Author: Ann E. Hajek
Author: Elizabeth Erin Morris
Author: Kathleen Ryan
Author: Peter G Mason
Author: Kostas Bourtzis
Author: Timothy D. Paine
Author: Sergio A. Estay
Author: Trevor Fenning