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Author: Youhui Gong Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2832536441 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 151
Book Description
Insecticides have played a major role in the management of agricultural and medical insect pests since their first application in pest control. The impacts of insecticide on the environment, as well as on organisms in ecosystems, have been addressed for decades. On the one hand, the side effects of insecticides on pollinating insects, natural predators and nontarget insects, can cause imbalances/disruption in ecosystems, and resurgence of target pests, which eventually leads to agricultural production losses. On the other hand, as one of the most successful groups of animals, insects have evolved a wide range of adaptive strategies that allow them to live in almost every habitat on earth, survive and reproduce even when subjected to chemical stresses such as natural plant allelochemicals and insecticides. Outbreaks of pests following insecticide application owing to hormesis effects and evolution of insecticide resistance in insects threatens the sustainability of insecticides employed as the most effective measure for control of agricultural and medical pests.
Author: Youhui Gong Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2832536441 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 151
Book Description
Insecticides have played a major role in the management of agricultural and medical insect pests since their first application in pest control. The impacts of insecticide on the environment, as well as on organisms in ecosystems, have been addressed for decades. On the one hand, the side effects of insecticides on pollinating insects, natural predators and nontarget insects, can cause imbalances/disruption in ecosystems, and resurgence of target pests, which eventually leads to agricultural production losses. On the other hand, as one of the most successful groups of animals, insects have evolved a wide range of adaptive strategies that allow them to live in almost every habitat on earth, survive and reproduce even when subjected to chemical stresses such as natural plant allelochemicals and insecticides. Outbreaks of pests following insecticide application owing to hormesis effects and evolution of insecticide resistance in insects threatens the sustainability of insecticides employed as the most effective measure for control of agricultural and medical pests.
Author: Omkar Ph.D. Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128032669 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 764
Book Description
Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security explores the broad range of opportunity and challenges afforded by Integrated Pest Management systems. The book focuses on the insect resistance that has developed as a result of pest control chemicals, and how new methods of environmentally complementary pest control can be used to suppress harmful organisms while protecting the soil, plants, and air around them. As the world's population continues its rapid increase, this book addresses the production of cereals, vegetables, fruits, and other foods and their subsequent demand increase. Traditional means of food crop production face proven limitations and increasing research is turning to alternative means of crop growth and protection. - Addresses environmentally focused pest control with specific attention to its role in food security and sustainability. - Includes a range of pest management methods, from natural enemies to biomolecules. - Written by experts with extensive real-world experience.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309048753 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 402
Book Description
Many of the pesticides applied to food crops in this country are present in foods and may pose risks to human health. Current regulations are intended to protect the health of the general population by controlling pesticide use. This book explores whether the present regulatory approaches adequately protect infants and children, who may differ from adults in susceptibility and in dietary exposures to pesticide residues. The committee focuses on four major areas: Susceptibility: Are children more susceptible or less susceptible than adults to the effects of dietary exposure to pesticides? Exposure: What foods do infants and children eat, and which pesticides and how much of them are present in those foods? Is the current information on consumption and residues adequate to estimate exposure? Toxicity: Are toxicity tests in laboratory animals adequate to predict toxicity in human infants and children? Do the extent and type of toxicity of some chemicals vary by species and by age? Assessing risk: How is dietary exposure to pesticide residues associated with response? How can laboratory data on lifetime exposures of animals be used to derive meaningful estimates of risk to children? Does risk accumulate more rapidly during the early years of life? This book will be of interest to policymakers, administrators of research in the public and private sectors, toxicologists, pediatricians and other health professionals, and the pesticide industry.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309172942 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 325
Book Description
Although chemical pesticides safeguard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effects on ecosystems. The Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use. The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This book presents clear overviews of key factors in chemical pesticide use, including: Advances in genetic engineering not only of pest-resistant crops but also of pests themselves. Problems in pesticide useâ€"concerns about the health of agricultural workers, the ability of pests to develop resistance, issues of public perception, and more. Impending shifts in agricultureâ€"globalization of the economy, biological "invasions" of organisms, rising sensitivity toward cross-border environmental issues, and other trends. With a model and working examples, this book offers guidance on how to assess various pest control strategies available to today's agriculturist.
Author: Stanislav Trdan Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9535122584 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 452
Book Description
This book contains 20 chapters, which are divided into 5 sections. Section 1 covers different aspects of insecticide resistance of selected economically important plant insect pests, whereas section 2 includes chapters about the importance, development and insecticide resistance management in controlling malaria vectors. Section 3 is dedicated to some general questions in insecticide resistance, while the main topic of section 4 is biochemical approaches of insecticide resistance mechanisms. Section 5 covers ecologically acceptable approaches for overcoming insecticide resistance, such are the use of mycoinsecticides, and understanding the role of some plant chemical compounds, which are important in interactions between plants, their pests and biological control agents.
Author: WHO Study Group on Malaria Vector Control and Personal Protection Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: 9789241209366 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
"WHO's concern is that, despite national and global efforts to control malaria, the disease burden remains high, especially in tropical Africa. The situation is further compounded in emergency situations. It is therefore necessary to review the current vector control strategies and their effectiveness in various operational and eco-epidemiological settings and to identify the challenges for implementation in different health systems. These would serve as a basis for the development of a strategic framework for strengthening malaria vector control implementation. The Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Initiative was launched by the WHO Director-General in 1998 as a Cabinet Project to coordinate global actions against malaria. The RBM goal is to reduce the global malaria burden by half by 2010 as compared to 2000"--Publisher's statement
Author: Jean-Michel Mérillon Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9783319963983 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 973
Book Description
This Reference Work is devoted to plant secondary metabolites and their evolutionary adaptation to different hosts and pests. Secondary metabolites play an important biological role in plants’ defence against herbivores, abiotic stresses and pathogens, and they also attract beneficial organisms such as pollinators. In this work, readers will find a comprehensive review of the phytochemical diversity, modification and adaptation of secondary metabolites, and the consequences of their co-evolution with plant parasites, pollinators, and herbivores. Chapters from expert contributors are organised into twelve sections that collate the current knowledge in intra-/inter-specific diversity in plant secondary metabolites, changes in secondary metabolites during plants’ adaptation to different environmental conditions, and co-evolution of host-parasite metabolites. Among the twelve themed parts, readers will also discover expert analysis on the genetics and chemical ecology evolution of secondary metabolites, and particular attention is also given to allelochemicals, bioactive molecules in plant defence and the evolution of sensory perception in vertebrates. This reference work will appeal to students, researchers and professionals interested in the field of plant pathology, plant breeding, biotechnology, agriculture and phytochemistry.
Author: Peter C. Ruben Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642415881 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 328
Book Description
A number of techniques to study ion channels have been developed since the electrical basis of excitability was first discovered. Ion channel biophysicists have at their disposal a rich and ever-growing array of instruments and reagents to explore the biophysical and structural basis of sodium channel behavior. Armed with these tools, researchers have made increasingly dramatic discoveries about sodium channels, culminating most recently in crystal structures of voltage-gated sodium channels from bacteria. These structures, along with those from other channels, give unprecedented insight into the structural basis of sodium channel function. This volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology will explore sodium channels from the perspectives of their biophysical behavior, their structure, the drugs and toxins with which they are known to interact, acquired and inherited diseases that affect sodium channels and the techniques with which their biophysical and structural properties are studied.
Author: Bernard Weiss Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9781439805480 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 418
Book Description
In establishing how certain chemicals can cause behavioural disorders, the process of neurotoxicity risk assessment poses significant challenges to every discipline within neuroscience. In this volume, leaders from industrial, academic, and government settings share insights on behavioural measurement in neurotoxicity risk assessment, and address the critical scientific issues arising from the expanding role of neurobehavioral toxicology in public policy development.; The authors set out to provide a comprehensive and authoritative review of current methods in the analysis and interpretation of neurobehavioural toxicology. Coverage begins with a discussion of criteria for determining neurotoxic potential. The next section examines neurobehavioural evaluations in developmental neurotoxicity. Subsequent sections focus on activity and observational data and applications of schedule-controlled operant behaviour in toxicity testing. The contributors address controversies surrounding the suitability and interpretation of procedures designed for neurotoxicological assessments. Some case studies are also included.
Author: Isaac Ishaaya Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642595499 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 353
Book Description
In recent years many of the conventional methods of insect control by broad spectrum synthetic chemicals have come under scrutiny because of their unde sirable effects on human health and the environment. In addition, some classes of pesticide chemistry, which generated resistance problems and severely affected the environment, are no longer used. It is against this background that the authors of this book present up-to-date findings-relating to biochemical sites that can serve as targets for developing insecticides with selective prop erties, and as the basis for the elucidation of resistance mechanisms and countermeasures. The book consists of eight chapters relating to biochemical targets for insec ticide action and seven chapters relating to biochemical modes of resistance and countermeasures. The authors of the chapters are world leaders in pesti cide chemistry, biochemical modes of action and mechanisms of resistance. Biochemical sites such as chitin formation, juvenile hormone and ecdysone receptors, acetylcholine and GABA receptors, ion channels, and neuropeptides are potential targets for insecticide action. The progress made in recent years in molecular biology (presented in depth in this volume) has led to the iden tification of genes that confer mechanisms of resistance, such as increased detoxification, decreased penetration and insensitive target sites. A combina tion of factors can lead to potentiation of the resistance level. Classifications of these mechanisms are termed gene amplification, changes in structural genes, and modification of gene expression.
Author: Youhui Gong
Author: Youhui Gong
Author: Omkar Ph.D.
Author: National Research Council
Author: National Research Council
Author: Stanislav Trdan
Author: WHO Study Group on Malaria Vector Control and Personal Protection
Author: Jean-Michel Mérillon
Author: Peter C. Ruben
Author: Bernard Weiss
Author: Isaac Ishaaya