The Several Uses of Low Temperature Geothermal Energy for Heating PDF Download

Author: Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for Energy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 25

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Author: Andriy Redko
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128166029
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 396

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Low-Temperature Energy Systems with Applications of Renewable Energy investigates a wide variety of low-temperature energy applications in residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial areas. It addresses the basic principles that form the groundwork for more efficient energy conversion processes and includes detailed practical methods for carrying out these critical processes. This work considers new directions in the engineering use of technical thermodynamics and energy, including more in-depth studies of the use of renewable sources, and includes worked numerical examples, review questions, and practice problems to allow readers to test their own comprehension of the material. With detailed explanations, methods, models, and algorithms, Low-Temperature Energy Systems with Applications of Renewable Energy is a valuable reference for engineers and scientists in the field of renewable energy, as well as energy researchers and academics. - Features end-of chapter review sections with questions and exercises for practical study and utilization. - Presents methods for a great variety of energy applications to improve their energy operations. - Applies real-world data to demonstrate the impact of low-temperature energy systems on renewable energy use today.

Author: Ian A. Thain
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geothermal engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 168

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Author: Can Ozgur Colpan
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128231904
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 346

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Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Geothermal Power Plants guides researchers and engineers on the analysis and optimization of geothermal power plants through conventional and innovative methods. Coverage encompasses the fundamentals, thermodynamic analysis, and optimization of geothermal power plants. Advanced thermodynamic analysis tools such as exergy analysis, thermoeconomic analysis, and several thermodynamic optimization methods are covered in depth for different configurations of geothermal power plants through case studies. Interdisciplinary research with relevant economic and environmental dimensions are addressed in many of the studies. Multiobjective optimization studies aimed at better efficiency, lower cost, and a lower environmental impact are also discussed in this book. - Addresses the complexities of thermodynamic assessment in almost all operational plant configurations, including solar-geothermal and multigeneration power plants - Includes an exemplary range of case studies, from basic to integrated - Provides modern optimization methods including exergoeconomic, artificial neural networks, and multiobjective particle swarm - Covers environmental impact considerations and integration with renewable energy systems

Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Low-temperature geothermal resources in the United States potentially hold an enormous quantity of thermal energy, useful for direct use in residential, commercial and industrial applications such as space and water heating, greenhouse warming, pool heating, aquaculture, and low-temperature manufacturing processes. Several studies published over the past 40 years have provided assessments of the resource potential for multiple types of low-temperature geothermal systems (e.g. hydrothermal convection, hydrothermal conduction, and enhanced geothermal systems) with varying temperature ranges and depths. This paper provides a summary and additional analysis of these assessments of shallow (= 3 km), low-temperature (30-150 degrees C) geothermal resources in the United States, suitable for use in direct-use applications. This analysis considers six types of geothermal systems, spanning both hydrothermal and enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). We outline the primary data sources and quantitative parameters used to describe resources in each of these categories, and present summary statistics of the total resources available. In sum, we find that low-temperature hydrothermal resources and EGS resources contain approximately 8 million and 800 million TWh of heat-in-place, respectively. In future work, these resource potential estimates will be used for modeling of the technical and market potential for direct-use geothermal applications for the U.S. Department of Energy's Geothermal Vision Study.

Author: Marc A. Rosen
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119180988
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 307

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Comprehensively covers geothermal energy systems that utilize ground energy in conjunction with heat pumps to provide sustainable heating and cooling The book describes geothermal energy systems that utilize ground energy in conjunction with heat pumps and related technologies to provide heating and cooling. Also discussed are methods to model and assess such systems, as well as means to determine potential environmental impacts of geothermal energy systems and their thermal interaction. The book presents the most up-to-date information in the area. It provides material on a range of topics, from thermodynamic concepts to more advanced discussions of the renewability and sustainability of geothermal energy systems. Numerous applications of such systems are also provided. Geothermal Energy: Sustainable Heating and Cooling Using the Ground takes a research orientated approach to provide coverage of the state of the art and emerging trends, and includes numerous illustrative examples and case studies. Theory and analysis are emphasized throughout, with detailed descriptions of models available for vertical and horizontal geothermal heat exchangers. Key features: Explains geothermal energy systems that utilize ground energy in conjunction with heat pumps to provide heating and cooling, as well as related technologies such as thermal energy storage. Describes and discusses methods to model and analyze geothermal energy systems, and to determine their potential environmental impacts and thermal interactions. Covers various applications of geothermal energy systems. Takes a research orientated approach to provide coverage of the state of the art and emerging trends. Includes numerous illustrative examples and case studies. The book is key for researchers and practitioners working in geothermal energy, as well as graduate and advanced undergraduate students in departments of mechanical, civil, chemical, energy, environmental, process and industrial engineering.

Author: L. S. Forcella
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geothermal resources
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Low temperature geothermal fluid is defined in OAR Chapter 690, Division 65 as any ground water used for its thermal characteristics that is encountered in a well with a bottom hole temperature less than 250°F (121°C). As such, low temperature geothermal resources are considered part of Oregon's ground water resources and are managed by the Oregon Water Resources Department (WRD). Use of ground water for its thermal properties is considered a beneficial use. With current interest in renewable resources and improved technology in heat extraction, the thermal value of ground water at all temperatures has increased dramatically adding to the complexity of ground water management. Higher than normal terrestrial heat flow in the Cascade Mountains, the Basin and Range, Columbia Plateau, Oregon Plateaus and the Snake River Plain Provinces give Oregon outstanding potential for use of geothermal resources. Geothermal energy in Oregon potentially is capable of displacing seven million barrels of fuel oil annually, comprising 27 trillion Btus/year (903 MWe) of electrical energy and 66 trillion Btus/year (2208 MWt) of thermal energy. This is equivalent to the energy produced by six Boardman coal-fired plants (Geothermal Task Force, 1980). In a report for the Pacific Northwest Utilities Conference Committee and the Oregon Energy Facility Siting Council by the Oregon Department of Energy (ODOE), these figures have been updated to 6236 MW of total electrical and thermal power or 12 Boardman coal-fired plants (Brown, 1982). Geothermal resources most commonly are confined to intensely faulted areas where hydrogeologic conditions are favorable for deeply circulated thermal water to rise to land surface. Klamath Falls, Lakeview and Vale are examples of population centers built around active hydrothermal discharge areas. The direct use of geothermal energy for space and process heating in Klamath Falls is the largest application of its kind in the United States. Other areas with potential are the urban areas near the Cascade Mountains such as Portland, Salem, Eugene, Springfield, Oakridge and Hood River, or those of the Oregon Plateau such as Bend, Prineville, Madras and Burns. Other population centers near hydrothermai anomalies are The Dalles, Ontario and La Grande and many rural areas of southeastern Oregon. All these areas have the potential to implement district heating plans that could supply the locale with heat and/or electrical energy. Figure 1 and Table 1 show the geological provinces of the state and the estimated heat available for different areas as determined by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) (Reed, 1982). The hotter the ground water, the more attractive it is for development of geothermal resources. However, all ground water contains stored heat. The specific heat of a substance is that quantity of heat required to increase the temperature of a unit weight of that substance 1°C. Water, the standard substance for defining that quantity of heat, has a specific heat of 1.0. With only a few exceptions, water has the highest specific heat of all compounds. Because of this, all aquifers are prime reservoirs of the earth's stored heat energy. Current technology in heat pumps enables heat to be extracted economically, in some areas, from water as low as 40°F (4°C). Some designs of heat exchangers allow heat to be extracted with no withdrawal of water. Earth heat extraction via ground water resources may one day become the dominant method of space heating in the United States. In other applications, binary generators are making electrical generation possible from water as cool as 180°F (82°C). District heating systems have the potential to supply thermal and electrical energy to many customers with significant savings compared to conventional sources of heat and electricity. With ground water now commonly used as a heat source, the diversity of ground water use is compounded. This emphasizes the public policy issue of adequate protection and management for future generations.

Author: Ronald DiPippo
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080554768
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 518

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Ron DiPippo, Professor Emeritus at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, is a world-regarded geothermal expert. This single resource covers all aspects of the utilization of geothermal energy for power generation from fundamental scientific and engineering principles. The thermodynamic basis for the design of geothermal power plants is at the heart of the book and readers are clearly guided on the process of designing and analysing the key types of geothermal energy conversion systems. Its practical emphasis is enhanced by the use of case studies from real plants that increase the reader's understanding of geothermal energy conversion and provide a unique compilation of hard-to-obtain data and experience. An important new chapter covers Environmental Impact and Abatement Technologies, including gaseous and solid emissions; water, noise and thermal pollutions; land usage; disturbance of natural hydrothermal manifestations, habitats and vegetation; minimisation of CO2 emissions and environmental impact assessment.The book is illustrated with over 240 photographs and drawings. Nine chapters include practice problems, with solutions, which enable the book to be used as a course text. Also includes a definitive worldwide compilation of every geothermal power plant that has operated, unit by unit, plus a concise primer on the applicable thermodynamics.* Engineering principles are at the heart of the book, with complete coverage of the thermodynamic basis for the design of geothermal power systems* Practical applications are backed up by an extensive selection of case studies that show how geothermal energy conversion systems have been designed, applied and exploited in practice* World renowned geothermal expert DiPippo has including a new chapter on Environmental Impact and Abatement Technology in this new edition

Author: Gnaneswar Gude
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 0128154284
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 624

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Renewable Energy Powered Desalination Handbook: Applications and Thermodynamics offers a practical handbook on the use of renewable technologies to produce freshwater using sustainable methods. Sections cover the different renewable technologies currently used in the field, including solar, wind, geothermal and nuclear desalination. This coverage is followed by an equally important clear and rigorous discussion of energy recovery and the thermodynamics of desalination processes. While seawater desalination can provide a climate-independent source of drinking water, the process is energy-intensive and environmentally damaging. This book provides readers with the latest methods, processes, and technologies available for utilizing renewable energy applications as a valuable technology. Desalination based on the use of renewable energy sources can provide a sustainable way to produce fresh water. It is expected to become economically attractive as the costs of renewable technologies continue to decline and the prices of fossil fuels continue to increase. - Covers renewable energy sources, such as nuclear, geothermal, solar and wind powered desalination and energy storage and optimization - Includes energy recovery schemes, optimization and process controls - Elaborates on the principles of thermodynamics and second law efficiencies to improve process performance, including solar desalination - Explains global applicability of solar, wind, geothermal and nuclear energy sources with case studies - Discusses renewable energy-desalinated water optimization schemes for island communities

Author: European Commission. Directorate-General XVII - Energy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : cs
Pages : 44

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