Author: János BólyaiPublisher:
ISBN: 9781418163310
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The Science Absolute of Space; Independent of the Truth Or Falsity of Euclid's Axiom XI (which Can Never be Decided a Priori). by John Bolyai. Translated from the Latin by Dr. George Bruce Halsted
Author: János BólyaiPublisher:
ISBN: 9781418163310
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The Science Absolute of Space
Author: János BolyaiPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geometry
Languages : en
Pages : 124
Book Description
The Science Absolute of Space
Author: János BolyaiPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geometry
Languages : en
Pages : 120
Book Description
Science Absolute of Space
Author: John BolyaiPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geometry, Non-Euclidean
Languages : en
Pages : 116
Book Description
The Science Absolute of Space
Author: John BolyaiPublisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781514132579
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 102
Book Description
From the TRANSLATOR'S INTRODUCTION. The immortal Elements of Euclid was already in dim antiquity a classic, regarded as absolutely perfect, valid without restriction. Elementary geometry was for two thousand years as stationary, as fixed, as peculiarly Greek, as the Parthenon. On this foundation pure science rose in Archimedes, in Apollonius, in Pappus; struggled in Theon, in Hypatia; declined in Proclus; fell into the long decadence of the Dark Ages. The book that monkish Europe could no longer understand was then taught in Arabic by Saracen and Moor in the Universities of Bagdad and Cordova. To bring the light, after weary, stupid centuries, to western Christendom, an Englishman, Adelhard of Bath, journeys, to learn Arabic, through Asia Minor, through Egypt, back to Spain. Disguised as a Mohammedan student, he got into Cordova about 1120, obtained a Moorish copy of Euclid's Elements, and made a translation from the Arabic into Latin. The first printed edition of Euclid, published in Venice in 1482, was a Latin version from the Arabic. The translation into Latin from the Greek, made by Zamberti from a MS. of Theon's revision, was first published at Venice in 1505. Twenty-eight years later appeared the editio princeps in Greek, published at Basle in 1533 by John Hervagius, edited by Simon Grynaeus. This was for a century and three-quarters the only printed Greek text of all the books, and from it the first English translation (1570) was made by ''Henricus Billingsley," afterward Sir Henry Billingsley, Lord Mayor of London in 1591. And even to-day, 1895, in the vast system of examinations carried out by the British Government, by Oxford, and by Cambridge, no proof of a theorem in geometry will be accepted which infringes Euclid's sequence of propositions. Nor is the work unworthy of this extraordinary immortality. Says Clifford: ''This book has been for nearly twenty-two centuries the encouragement and guide of that scientific thought which is one thing with the progress of man from a worse to a better state. "The encouragement; for it contained a body of knowledge that was really known and could be relied on. "The guide; for the aim of every student of every subject was to bring his knowledge of that subject into a form as perfect as that which geometry had attained." But Euclid stated his assumptions with the most painstaking candor, and would have smiled at the suggestion that he claimed for his conclusions any other truth than perfect deduction from assumed hypotheses. In favor of the external reality or truth of those assumptions he said no word. Among Euclid's assumptions is one differing from the others in prolixity, whose place fluctuates in the manuscripts. Peyrard, on the authority of the Vatican MS., puts it among the postulates, and it is often called the parallel-postulate. Heiberg, whose edition of the text is the latest and best (Leipzig, 1883-1888), gives it as the fifth postulate. James Williamson, who published the closest translation of Euclid we have in English, indicating, by the use of italics, the words not in the original, gives this assumption as eleventh among the Common Notions....
The Science Absolute of Space
Author: János BolyaiThe Science Absolute of Space
Author: John BolyaiPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geometry, Non-Euclidean
Languages : en
Pages : 56
Book Description
The Science Absolute of Space;
Author: Ja ́nos Bo ́lyaiPublisher:
ISBN: 9783337894535
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 112
Book Description
The Science Absolute of Space
Author: John BolyaiPublisher:
ISBN: 9781462271467
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 104
Book Description
Hardcover reprint of the original 1896 edition - beautifully bound in brown cloth covers featuring titles stamped in gold, 8vo - 6x9". No adjustments have been made to the original text, giving readers the full antiquarian experience. For quality purposes, all text and images are printed as black and white. This item is printed on demand. Book Information: Bolyai, J+nos. The Science Absolute Of Space, Independent Of The Truth Or Falsity Of Euclid's Axiom Xi Which Can Never Be Decided A Priori. By John Bolai. Translated From The Latin By George Halsted. Indiana: Repressed Publishing LLC, 2012. Original Publishing: Bolyai, J+nos. The Science Absolute Of Space, Independent Of The Truth Or Falsity Of Euclid's Axiom Xi Which Can Never Be Decided A Priori. By John Bolai. Translated From The Latin By George Halsted, . Austin, Tex. The Neomon, 1896. Subject: Generalized spaces
The Science Absolute of Space, Independent of the Truth Or Falsity of Euclid's Axiom XI (Which Can N
Author: George Bruce HalstedPublisher: Wentworth Press
ISBN: 9780530450506
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 104
Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.