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Author: Junior R. Davis Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The literature on transition economies devotes relatively little attention to agriculture and the rural non-farm economy, despite the importance of the sector and its relevance to the livelihoods of the majority of the world's poor. This paper is part of a growing volume of empirical work on agriculture in transition countries and especially on the topic of the rural non-farm economy and livelihood diversification among the poor. The empirical work presented in this report is primarily based on large (nation-wide) rural household surveys and other field-related research activities using a broad range of methodologies. In recent years there has been growing recognition of the role of the non-farm sector for employment, income smoothing and income generation in rural areas in the developing, developed and transition countries. However, there has been limited focus on the factors that determine people's capacity to take advantage of or to generate these opportunities. It is hypothesised that two processes are apparent: demand-pull, where rural people respond to new opportunities; and distress-push, where the poorest are driven to seek non-farm employment as a survival strategy. Sometimes these processes work together. The non-farm sector is thus vital for rural employment and incomes in situations of both stagnant and buoyant agriculture and rural economy as a whole. It is vital for Armenia and Georgia's economic growth, as the development of remunerative and sustainable non-farm employment opportunities will have important effects in terms of poverty reduction. It is also important for Romania's EU accession, currently foreseen in 2007, as the development of remunerative and sustainable non-farm employment opportunities will have important effects in terms of the use of future structural funds, regional assistance and the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy. This research identifies the key socio-economic factors, resources, activities and constraints to rural households and enterprises in the non-farm rural economy. These data were collected at the micro-level and analysed in the context of the sustainable livelihoods framework, farm systems theory and contemporary econometric methodologies. The aim was to derive policy conclusions conducive to the development of sustainable rural livelihoods.
Author: Junior R. Davis Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The literature on transition economies devotes relatively little attention to agriculture and the rural non-farm economy, despite the importance of the sector and its relevance to the livelihoods of the majority of the world's poor. This paper is part of a growing volume of empirical work on agriculture in transition countries and especially on the topic of the rural non-farm economy and livelihood diversification among the poor. The empirical work presented in this report is primarily based on large (nation-wide) rural household surveys and other field-related research activities using a broad range of methodologies. In recent years there has been growing recognition of the role of the non-farm sector for employment, income smoothing and income generation in rural areas in the developing, developed and transition countries. However, there has been limited focus on the factors that determine people's capacity to take advantage of or to generate these opportunities. It is hypothesised that two processes are apparent: demand-pull, where rural people respond to new opportunities; and distress-push, where the poorest are driven to seek non-farm employment as a survival strategy. Sometimes these processes work together. The non-farm sector is thus vital for rural employment and incomes in situations of both stagnant and buoyant agriculture and rural economy as a whole. It is vital for Armenia and Georgia's economic growth, as the development of remunerative and sustainable non-farm employment opportunities will have important effects in terms of poverty reduction. It is also important for Romania's EU accession, currently foreseen in 2007, as the development of remunerative and sustainable non-farm employment opportunities will have important effects in terms of the use of future structural funds, regional assistance and the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy. This research identifies the key socio-economic factors, resources, activities and constraints to rural households and enterprises in the non-farm rural economy. These data were collected at the micro-level and analysed in the context of the sustainable livelihoods framework, farm systems theory and contemporary econometric methodologies. The aim was to derive policy conclusions conducive to the development of sustainable rural livelihoods.
Author: D.J Bezemer Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The literature on transition economies devotes relatively attention to agriculture and the rural non-farm economy, despite the importance of the sector and its importance to the livelihoods of the majority of the worlds poor. This paper is part of growing volume of valuable empirical work on agriculture in transition countries and especially on the topic of the rural non-farm economy and livelihood diversification among the poor. The focus of this paper is on rural non-farm livelihoods in Armenia. The main aim of this paper is to improve understanding of the dynamics of the RNFE in providing employment and income diversification opportunities in Armenia.
Author: Junior R. Davis Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Agriculture is the prominent activity in the rural areas of Armenia. It is estimated to represent about 80% of rural employment, which is among the highest in countries in transition. This is partly a consequence of the collapse of industrial and other economic activities at the outset of transition and the difficulties since then to have them recover. This also reflects the insufficient development of the agricultural sector which has yet only partly developed backward and forward linkages which would contribute to the diversification of activities in the rural areas. Conversely, the modernization of the agriculture sector and its capacity to provide income to the farmers will imply diversification of activities so that the labour force released by agriculture can stay in rural areas. Poverty in rural areas and agricultural development are therefore closely interrelated. The paper is organised as follows. The first section provides background information on the RNFE in Armenia. The second section summarises recent agricultural sector and macroeconomic developments in Armenia as they relate to the RNFE. The third section describes the sampled communities socio-economic structure, agricultural sector and natural resource base. Section 4 outlines our regional/community level analysis of the pattern of non-farm rural employment and income generating activities (IGAs) diversification in a transition economy context. Section 5 of the report is based on our social survey and focus group activities which analyse the main determinants of participation in the non-farm economy. The findings from section 5 are then discussed and elaborated upon in Section 6 of the report where data are presented on the activities of "successful" rural non-farm diversifiers - non-farm enterprises - which is presented in the context of the rural economies of the surveyed regions (Ararat, Gegharkounik and Syunik). Finally, the main findings of the paper are placed in a national context and RNFE policy proposals and suggestions on strategic planning are advanced.
Author: Zvi Lerman Publisher: Lexington Books ISBN: 9780739102053 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 336
Book Description
This book details and analyzes an extensive farm survey of Armenian land reform. Zvi Lerman and Astghik Mirzakhanian, two principal contributors to the design of the study, present their invaluable insight into the rapid land reform strategy implemented in Armenia. Unique among the former Soviet Republics, the entire agricultural sector of this country shifted from collective, large-scale, farm enterprises to individual production in 1992. The authors pay special attention to the commercialization of private farms and their access to supply and marketing channels outside the old state-controlled system. Family incomes from farming and off-farm sources are discussed, as well as problems of rural social services and social infrastructure. The authors demonstrate how official statistical measures and record keeping practices in Armenia do not adequately account for this dramatic transition.
Author: Ashwani Saith Publisher: International Labour Organization ISBN: 9789221077503 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 136
Book Description
This book provides an analytical framework for studying the rural non-farm economy (RNFE) in developing countries, as well as a detailed analysis of rural inequalities and agrarian differentiation, demand constraints in the RNFE, and successes and failures of targeted programmes.; The book uses examples - mainly from Asia - to challenge the received ideas and attempts to cast the discussion in a wider context.
Author: Steven Haggblade Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN: 0801886643 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 514
Book Description
Contrary to conventional wisdom that equates rural economies with agriculture, rural residents in developing countries often rely heavily on activities other than farming for their income. Indeed, nonfarm work accounts for between one-third and one-half of rural incomes in the developing world. In recent years, accelerating globalization, increasing competition from large businesses, expanding urban markets for rural goods and services, and greater availability of information and communication technology have combined to expose rural nonfarm businesses to new opportunities as well as new risks. By examining these rapid changes in the rural nonfarm economy, international experts explore how the rural nonfarm economy can contribute to overall economic growth in developing countries and how the poor can participate in this rapidly evolving segment of the economy. The authors review an array of recent studies of the rural nonfarm economy in order to summarize existing empirical evidence, explore policy implications, and identify future research priorities. They examine the varied scale, structure, and composition of the rural nonfarm economy, as well as its relationship with agricultural and urban enterprises. And they address key questions about the role of public intervention in the rural nonfarm economy and how the rural poor can participate in and navigate the rapid transition underway in rural areas. The contributors offer new insights to specialists in rural development and to others interested in overall economic development.
Author: John A. Dixon Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9789251046272 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 424
Book Description
A joint FAO and World Bank study which shows how the farming systems approach can be used to identify priorities for the reduction of hunger and poverty in the main farming systems of the six major developing regions of the world.
Author: Junior R. Davis
Author: Junior R. Davis
Author: D.J Bezemer
Author: Junior R. Davis
Author: Zvi Lerman
Author: Haggblade; Steven; Peter Hazell; Thomas Reardon
Author: Ashwani Saith
Author: P. Purushotham
Author: Ashwani Saith
Author: Steven Haggblade
Author: John A. Dixon