The Role of the National Guard in Homeland Security PDF Download

Author: Jack Spencer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 14

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 80

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Book Description
The establishment of the Department of Homeland Security and the United States Northern Command has created new organizations to assist in homeland security, but neither has fully integrated the National Guard into it planning or fully assessed its capabilities. This monograph will evaluate the National Guard's possible integration in the context of the Department of Defense's contribution to homeland security: military missions overseas, homeland defense, and support to civil authorities. The evaluation will include the National Guard's unique legal capabilities in the military, its organization and relationship to the local populace, and its historical use in homeland security and as a reserve component of the military. The conclusion is that the National Guard's history, legal capabilities, and inherent ties with the local and state communities and government poise the National Guard to be the country's primary homeland security force. In order to enhance its capabilities, the National Guard Bureau must be integrated into both the United States Northern Command and the Department of Homeland Security and planning considerations must be discussed with governors and state National Guard officials, unity of command and unity of effort must be deconflicted during homeland operations, and mobilized National Guard units operating within the United States must not be federalized in order to ensure that it can still perform law enforcement operations while mobilized.

Author: Ryan Burke
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781692900526
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 74

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Part I of the 2014-2015 Army War College's Key Strategic Issues List (KSIL)-Army Priorities for Strategic Analysis-asks: "Given the growing importance of homeland defense, what would be the benefits and drawbacks of realigning the [National] Guard under the department of Homeland Security to enhance domestic security and disaster response, while retaining utility for overseas missions in support of the Department of Defense?" (pg. 10). This monograph details our efforts to research and evaluate the perceived benefits and drawbacks of realigning the National Guard under the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). We begin with a brief review of the relevant literature shaping the current policy and doctrinal approach to military civil support (CS) operations, including a summary of laws and strategic guidance relevant to the discussion. We then note the important distinctions between homeland security (HS) and homeland defense (HD) and the military role in each context. The seam between HS and HD provides a conceptual basis for discussing the roles and responsibilities of the National Guard, the DHS, and the Department of Defense (DoD) within domestic security and disaster response operations. After evaluating the National Guard's role in each of the above contexts, we briefly discuss the realignment of the United States Coast Guard (USCG) within the DHS as a proxy for comparison of a similar realignment of a military-style entity under the DHS. The study concludes by listing and discussing the potential benefits and drawbacks of a National Guard realignment under the DHS and then makes five short recommendations in summary of the research effort.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309087015
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 184

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The confluence of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack and the U.S. Army's historic role to support civil authorities has resulted in substantial new challenges for the Army. To help meet these challenges, the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research and Technology requested the National Research Council (NRC) carry out a series of studies on how science and technology could assist the Army prepare for its role in homeland security (HLS). The NRC's Board on Army Science and Technology formed the Committee on Army Science and Technology for Homeland Security to accomplish that assignment. The Committee was asked to review relevant literature and activities, determine areas of emphasis for Army S&T in support of counter terrorism and anti-terrorism, and recommend high-payoff technologies to help the Army fulfill its mission. The Department of Defense Counter-Terrorism Technology Task Force identified four operational areas in reviewing technical proposals for HLS operations: indications and warning; denial and survivability; recovery and consequence management; and attribution and retaliation. The study sponsor asked the Committee to use these four areas as the basis for its assessment of the science and technology (S&T) that will be important for the Army's HLS role. Overall, the Committee found that: There is potential for substantial synergy between S&T work carried out by the Army for its HLS responsibilities and the development of the next generation Army, the Objective Force. The Army National Guard (ARNG) is critical to the success of the Army's HLS efforts.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 27

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Many agencies and organizations have redefined their roles as a result of the terror attacks on September 11, 2001. One organization whose role might change in light of 9/11 is the National Guard of the United States. Some people have suggested that homeland security should become the primary role of the National Guard, while others suggest it should become an agency of the Department of Homeland Security. The current Guard leadership has indicated its intention to restructure the Guard to meet the requirements of both warfighting and homeland security. Current definitions used by both the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Department of Defense (DoD) reinforce the use of the National Guard as the primary reserve for the Army. The contemporary roles and missions of the National Guard under these definitions are in harmony with the vision of the nation's forefathers. The tasks outlined by the DoD and DHS may not support changing the mission of the National Guard to a homeland security force. This paper examines the capabilities, policy, guidance, laws, and regulations that govern the National Guard as well as the mission areas it would have to adopt if it were made an agency of DHS: intelligence and warning, border and transportation security, domestic counterterrorism, protecting critical infrastructure, defending against catastrophic terrorism, and emergency preparedness and response. The author concludes that to prepare and train one organization, the National Guard, to have homeland security as a primary role is not realistic. The National Guard is largely a part-time organization currently trained, resourced, and ready to respond as the reserve of the Army in support of homeland defense and most other missions assigned to the Army. As a supporting agency to federal, state, and local officials the National Guard can certainly be better organized to improve or assist with homeland security, but how to change the guard is currently a debate. (27 refs7.

Author: George Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Military missions
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
The intent of this paper is to review the role of the National Guard in defending the homeland. This paper will stress the fact that in order to defeat a threat you must rapidly respond to the threat with forward deployed units. It will focus on the National Guard's State mission(s) in relation to homeland security, and will highlight the significance of the Guard's federal responsibilities in relation to the security of the nation. The National Guard is an integral part of the Army and Air Force and will play a key role to the security of the 21st Century. Identify existing threats inside state borders and address what local leaders or governors are doing to combat these threats. The research report addresses the many programmatic, and practical issues associated with protecting the homeland. At the most basic level, the report seeks to provide the Department of Defense audiences with an overview of homeland defense, and the various organizations at the local, state, and federal level that the Department of Defense may need to interface with under different circumstances. This report was initiated post September 11, 2001, when terrorist attacks occurred against the American homeland, and after the President George Bush, appointed former Governor Tom Ridge to direct and stand-up the first Office of Homeland Security.

Author: M. Tina Hynson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : National security
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Homeland Security and Homeland Defense in broad terms refers to the prevention, deterrence, preemption of, and defense against, aggression targeted at U.S. territory, population, and infrastructure. More specifically, Homeland Security is a group of diverse missions and functions performed not only to deter, preempt, and defend but to manage the consequence of such aggression. Homeland Defense is one of two major groups of Homeland Security and includes traditional warfighting tasks where the Department of Defense often plays a leading role. Homeland Defense is a basic function of our government, and has been since the colonial era. American colonial leaders, more than 100 years before our Constitution, recognized the need for homeland defense and established colonial militias to fight both internal and external threats. On September 11, 2001, terrorists guided two commercial airliners into the twin World Trade Center Towers in New York City and destroyed both towers and left thousand injured or dead. There was another almost simultaneous attack on the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. but the Pentagon sustained lesser damage. A third attempt missed its still unknown target. Shortly after, President George W. Bush established the Office of Homeland Security. Homeland Security received a great deal of attention in the months prior to the attack, but it took the events of 11 September to focus attention in earnest on homeland defense and civil support missions. With the attention turned to homeland security, the current role of the National Guard as laid out in Title 32 of the United States Code will probably change, similar to recommendations in the Phase III Report of the U.S. Commission on National Strategy in the 21st Century, also known as the Hart-Rudman Commission.

Author: Spencer W. Robinson
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781423506034
Category : Civil defense
Languages : en
Pages : 95

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Book Description
In this thesis I examine the role of the National Guard in supporting current National Security and National Military Strategy. I argue that the global security environment has changed drastically since the end of the Cold War making "Homeland Security" a primary mission for the military, specifically the National Guard. Concurrently, the unprecedented number of overseas deployments to perform peacekeeping missions has severely affected the active Army's combat capability. I argue that the US Army has not embraced the requirements for "Homeland Security," focusing instead on maintaining its 10 active division force structure. To meet the needs of National Military Strategy, the active Army has instead relied on the reserve components to perform overseas peacekeeping missions. I argue that the National Guard has also looked to performing these missions as a method of institutional survival. Together, both components have undermined the Constitutional underpinnings of the Reserve Component as a strategic reserve, to be mobilized in cases of "war or national emergency." I argue that making "Homeland Security" a primary federal mission of the National Guard, along with restructuring current combat, combat support, and combat service support ratios will allow the National Guard to support National Military Strategy and "Homeland Security."

Author: M. Tina Hynson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : National security
Languages : en
Pages : 25

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Book Description
Homeland Security and Homeland Defense in broad terms refers to the prevention, deterrence, preemption of, and defense against, aggression targeted at U.S. territory, population, and infrastructure. More specifically, Homeland Security is a group of diverse missions and functions performed not only to deter, preempt, and defend but to manage the consequence of such aggression. Homeland Defense is one of two major groups of Homeland Security and includes traditional warfighting tasks where the Department of Defense often plays a leading role. Homeland Defense is a basic function of our government, and has been since the colonial era. American colonial leaders, more than 100 years before our Constitution, recognized the need for homeland defense and established colonial militias to fight both internal and external threats. On September 11, 2001, terrorists guided two commercial airliners into the twin World Trade Center Towers in New York City and destroyed both towers and left thousand injured or dead. There was another almost simultaneous attack on the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. but the Pentagon sustained lesser damage. A third attempt missed its still unknown target. Shortly after, President George W. Bush established the Office of Homeland Security. Homeland Security received a great deal of attention in the months prior to the attack, but it took the events of 11 September to focus attention in earnest on homeland defense and civil support missions. With the attention turned to homeland security, the current role of the National Guard as laid out in Title 32 of the United States Code will probably change, similar to recommendations in the Phase III Report of the U.S. Commission on National Strategy in the 21st Century, also known as the Hart-Rudman Commission.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 32

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Book Description
The attack of the United States on September 11, 2001 elevated homeland security to a top priority of our nation. The aftermath of the tragedy has highlighted the importance of well defined roles and responsibilities of all organizations that are responsible for securing the United. States and responding to attacks. The Phase III Report of the United States Commission on National Strategy recommends that the Secretary of Defense, at the President's direction, should make homeland security a primary mission of the National Guard, and the Guard should be organized, properly trained, and adequately equipped to undertake that mission. What should the specific roles and responsibilities of the Army National Guard be in regards to this mission? This paper will answer this question as well as exploring the specific roles of the Governors, State Adjutant Generals, and the Director of the Army National Guard.