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Author: Mariana Medeiros Masiero Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 139
Book Description
Residual feed intake (RFI), used as a metabolic efficiency measurement, is BW and growth rate independent and also is a moderately heritable trait. Previous research reported RFI was correlated to feed activity and behavior, ruminal fermentation nutrient digestion, body composition, blood hormones and metabolites as well as mitochondria function. Since mitochondria are responsible for producing 90% of the energy for the cell, some of the variations in growth performance and phenotypic expression of feed efficiency might be due to differences or inefficiencies in mitochondria function. Three studies were conducted to understand how AA requirement and mitochondria function influence different RFI phenotypes. The first study had 3 diets with increasing RUP (LOW, MID and HIGH) fed to continuous culture fermenters to characterize RUP supplementation using forage-based diet. We observed RUP supplementation in forage-based diets increased RUP flow from the rumen without influencing microbial fermentation. Reduced RUP for HIGH compared to MID may be due to microbial adaptation to greater RUP levels. The second study evaluated the effects of postruminal AA supply during the GP on growth performance, carcass measurements, RFI, and blood metabolites using roughage-based diet. We reported no interaction between level of bypass AA during growing phase and RFI, leading to main effects examination. Calves consuming diets with postruminal AA supplied above requirements may respond with greater gain rate, however improved growth was not sustained throughout the feeding period. As RFI decreased, steers consumed less feed and were more efficient with no change in BW during all periods. Steers classified as efficient during growing phase were not necessary in the same category during finishing phase. The last study conducted determined if mitochondria complex I, complex III and subunits (from complex I) differed among RFI phenotypes and if mitochondria measurements could account for additional differences in DMI. Examination of lymphocyte mitochondria proteins (complex I, complex I subunits and complex III) found a relationship between mitochondria band I, band VI and RFI. Mitochondrial measurements increased coefficient of determination for intake prediction. These results led to the conclusion that mitochondrial function is in part responsible for animals metabolic efficiency differences.
Author: Mariana Medeiros Masiero Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 139
Book Description
Residual feed intake (RFI), used as a metabolic efficiency measurement, is BW and growth rate independent and also is a moderately heritable trait. Previous research reported RFI was correlated to feed activity and behavior, ruminal fermentation nutrient digestion, body composition, blood hormones and metabolites as well as mitochondria function. Since mitochondria are responsible for producing 90% of the energy for the cell, some of the variations in growth performance and phenotypic expression of feed efficiency might be due to differences or inefficiencies in mitochondria function. Three studies were conducted to understand how AA requirement and mitochondria function influence different RFI phenotypes. The first study had 3 diets with increasing RUP (LOW, MID and HIGH) fed to continuous culture fermenters to characterize RUP supplementation using forage-based diet. We observed RUP supplementation in forage-based diets increased RUP flow from the rumen without influencing microbial fermentation. Reduced RUP for HIGH compared to MID may be due to microbial adaptation to greater RUP levels. The second study evaluated the effects of postruminal AA supply during the GP on growth performance, carcass measurements, RFI, and blood metabolites using roughage-based diet. We reported no interaction between level of bypass AA during growing phase and RFI, leading to main effects examination. Calves consuming diets with postruminal AA supplied above requirements may respond with greater gain rate, however improved growth was not sustained throughout the feeding period. As RFI decreased, steers consumed less feed and were more efficient with no change in BW during all periods. Steers classified as efficient during growing phase were not necessary in the same category during finishing phase. The last study conducted determined if mitochondria complex I, complex III and subunits (from complex I) differed among RFI phenotypes and if mitochondria measurements could account for additional differences in DMI. Examination of lymphocyte mitochondria proteins (complex I, complex I subunits and complex III) found a relationship between mitochondria band I, band VI and RFI. Mitochondrial measurements increased coefficient of determination for intake prediction. These results led to the conclusion that mitochondrial function is in part responsible for animals metabolic efficiency differences.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309069971 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 406
Book Description
This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions. The book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive "Help" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. The committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs.
Author: Giorgio A. Presicce Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers ISBN: 1681084171 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 501
Book Description
This handbook aims at focusing on the husbandry of the common water buffalo, (Bubalis bubalis). The book covers a broad range of topics such as the buffalo’s genetic evolution, cytogenetics, subspecies, breed diversification, feeding and metabolic specificity, adaptable response to environmental stress factors, welfare, dairy requirements and production, reproduction and embryo technologies, cryopreservation, sperm cell sexing, somatic cell cloning and transgenesis. Chapters presented and reviewed in this book have been by contributed by renowned scientists that have devoted years of research to the understanding of this species, and highlight the most recent advances in basic and applied science to unveil the understanding of physiological facets intrinsic to this animal species. The depth of the selected topics makes this book especially suited for readers of all academic levels of study. Researchers, students and professionals will find this book a useful guide to breeding and farming the water buffalo.
Author: Eric John Underwood Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 9780851995571 Category : Animal feeding Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This book is an up to date reference work covering all aspects of macro and trace element nutrition in farm livestock. Sufficient information is given on metabolism, functions and interactions to explain why needs, feeds and imbalances are not always easy to define or anticipate. The major emphasis is on the mineral nutrition of ruminant livestock since they are most likely to be affected by imbalances but where pigs and poultry are the more vulnerable, extensive coverage of the non-ruminant is given. This new edition of a highly successful text has been thoroughly revised and significantly expanded. Many chapters have been extensively updated and several chapters on new topics introduced. * Calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium are now treated separately * Over 40 new figures are presented, and extensive use made oftables to summarise important data * Chapters on trace elements have been drastically revised * Claims for enhanced availability for new chelated sources arecritically reviewed * Completely new chapters focus on: The unique need of the ruminant for elemental sulphur Occasionally beneficial elements and essentially toxic elements The improved conduct and interpretation of supplementation trials
Author: R. Bouche Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 908686726X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 329
Book Description
The Mediterranean area shows a great diversity of livestock systems, depending on local resources and traditions, but also on the networking space where informational resources are available for producers. During the last decades, a lot of innovations have been conceived or introduced in the Mediterranean area, allowing livestock systems to remain competitive. The book looks at two main issues: firstly, it gives an updated review on the main innovations that significantly changed the activities of livestock production in the Mediterranean area in the recent past. Secondly, the focus lies on the extent to which these innovations improve the efficiency, ensure the socio-cultural basis or reduce the environmental impact of livestock systems. One major finding is a new vision of innovating systems based on the distinction between regulated innovation (when aims are fixed) and innovative design (when aims are questioned). Innovations reported in the book are dealing with a set of concerns. They concern the production techniques, the work organization, the equipment and infrastructures, the collective features for selection, reproduction, feeding or sanitary devices. They also concern the local organization such as product labelling, new dynamics around local breeds, collective rules for supply basin or approaches of new products for new markets. More recently, some innovations focus on environmental impacts of livestock production, due to an increasing consciousness of those kinds of problems. In the final part of the book, a round table copes with a crucial question: are traditions in Mediterranean livestock activities to be considered an obstacle or a source of innovation? This book provides a set of updated information and knowledge useful for researchers, students, extension services and policy-makers in the field of animal science.
Author: Pierre Cronjé Publisher: CABI ISBN: 9780851997124 Category : Electronic books Languages : en Pages : 492
Book Description
The International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology (ISRP) is the premier forum for presentation and discussion of advances in knowledge of the physiology of ruminant animals. This book brings together edited versions of the keynote review papers presented at the symposium.
Author: Veerasamy Sejian Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642292054 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 577
Book Description
Given the importance of livestock to the global economy, there is a substantial need for world-class reference material on the sustainable management of livestock in diverse eco-regions. With uncertain climates involving unpredictable extreme events (e.g., heat, drought, infectious disease), environmental stresses are becoming the most crucial factors affecting livestock productivity. By systematically and comprehensively addressing all aspects of environmental stresses and livestock productivity, this volume is a useful tool for understanding the various intricacies of stress physiology. With information and case studies collected and analyzed by professionals working in diversified ecological zones, this book explores the influence of the environment on livestock production across global biomes. The challenges the livestock industry faces in maintaining the delicate balance between animal welfare and production are also highlighted.
Author: Kym A. Abbott Publisher: ISBN: 9781032382883 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
""The value of this book cannot be overstated. As a student, many years ago, there were no comprehensive textbooks on sheep medicine, so I was lucky to have Professor Abbott as an inspiring lecturer. This book is needed by students!" Following on from his first book, Sheep Veterinary Practice remains the ideal reference for veterinarians in farm animal practice, veterinary and animal science students, agriculturalists, and sheep producers. Principally addressing sheep health, welfare, and production matters in Australia, it covers issues and clinical practice of relevance in many countries of the world where sheep are raised. Sheep veterinary specialist Professor Kym Abbott informs the reader of the science underpinning the occurrence of disease syndromes, giving special attention to commonly investigated problems related to nutrition, reproduction, and helminth diseases. Other disease conditions of sheep are discussed in subsequent chapters; first on the basis of presenting signs in the case of lameness and sudden death - conditions in which signs can be attributed to disorders of a variety of body systems - and then on a body-systems basis. This new edition thoroughly revises and expands on the previous text, adding a review of the systems and strategies available to improve the welfare of sheep in extensive farming systems, a chapter on pain relief, analgesia and anaesthesia for sheep, and a chapter on metacestodes. The text is illustrated with more than 150 full-colour images and photographs"--
Author: Mirza Hasanuzzaman Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128193832 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 766
Book Description
Handbook of Bioremediation: Physiological, Molecular and Biotechnological Interventions discusses the mechanisms of responding to inorganic and organic pollutants in the environment using different approaches of phytoremediation and bioremediation. Part One focuses specifically on inorganic pollutants and the use of techniques such as metallothionein-assisted remediation, phytoextraction and genetic manipulation. Part Two covers organic pollutants and consider topics such as plant enzymes, antioxidant defense systems and the remediation mechanisms of different plant species. This comprehensive volume is a must-read for researchers interested in plant science, agriculture, soil science and environmental science. The techniques covered in this book will ensure scientists have the knowledge to practice effective bioremediation techniques themselves. Provides a comprehensive review of the latest advances in bioremediation of organic and inorganic pollutants Discusses a range of different phytoremediation techniques Evaluates the role of genomics and bioinformatics within bioremediation
Author: Mariana Medeiros Masiero
Author: Mariana Medeiros Masiero
Author: Harinder P. S. Makkar
Author: National Research Council
Author: Giorgio A. Presicce
Author: Eric John Underwood
Author: R. Bouche
Author: Pierre Cronjé
Author: Veerasamy Sejian
Author: Kym A. Abbott
Author: Mirza Hasanuzzaman