The Role of Gelatinous Zooplankton for Marine Ecosystems and the Carbon Cycle PDF Download

Author: Rebecca Wright
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: N. Swanberg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Maria Alexandra Teodosio
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 135102180X
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 460

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This book aims at providing students and researchers an advanced integrative overview on zooplankton ecology, covering marine and freshwater organisms, from microscopic phagotrophic protists, to macro-jellyfishes and active fish larvae. The first book section addresses zooplanktonic organisms and processes, the second section is devoted to zooplankton spatial and temporal distribution patterns and trophic dynamics, and the final section is dedicated to emergent methodological approaches (e.g., omics). Book chapters include comprehensive synthesis, observational and manipulative studies, and sediment-based analysis, a vibrant imprint of benthic-pelagic coupling and ecosystem connectivity. Most chapters also address the impacts of anticipated environmental changes (e.g., warming, acidification).

Author: Albert Calbet
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031507665
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 154

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Author: Maya Thomas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Teach about the importance of gelatinous zooplankton and examine their role in food webs, the biological pump, and the carbon cycle.

Author: Joshua Paul Stone (Ph.D.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biogeochemical cycles
Languages : en
Pages :

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Gelatinous zooplankton (GZ; cnidarians, ctenophores, and pelagic tunicates) periodically are the dominant members of the zooplankton throughout the majority of the worlds oceans. Their unique body plans and life cycles allow them to rapidly take advantage of favorable environmental conditions, which has far-ranging consequences for food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycles. GZ populations have been speculated to respond to anthropogenic changes, but few long-term studies exist to test this hypothesis and even fewer have examined the consequent effects on carbon export. I analyzed two long-term time series in the Chesapeake Bay and one in the Sargasso Sea for annual and interannual changes in GZ populations and the environmental drivers of these changes. I also conducted mesocosm experiments in the Chesapeake Bay and developed a carbon flux model for the Sargasso Sea to evaluate the role that GZ play in vertical carbon flux in these two regions. In the Chesapeake Bay, summer populations of the dominant scyphozoan medusae, Chrysaora quinquecirrha, are positively correlated with spring salinity and negatively with dissolved oxygen concentrations. C. quinquecirrha biovolume has been decreasing from 1985-2011, reducing predation pressure on the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, with cascading effects on copepod abundances. This top-down control of the food web extends to changes in vertical carbon flux, with the presence of M. leidyi reducing copepod fecal pellet flux by 50%. In the Sargasso Sea, large salp blooms can completely dominate the zooplankton community, and both cyclonic mesoscale eddies and seasonal changes in primary production can regulate annual salp population dynamics. Long-term salp population trends are correlated with changes in decadal climate oscillations, and a long-term increase in the most abundant salp species, Thalia democratica, was observed from 1994-2011. During blooms, salps can graze more than 100% of the primary production, and rapidly export carbon to depth through sinking fecal pellets and carcasses, and through active transport via respiration at depth. This carbon export to 200 m (average of 2.3 mg C m-2 d-1) is equivalent to 11% of the measured sediment trap flux at the same depth, but salp fecal pellets and carcasses attenuate slowly and can be equivalent to> 100% of measured sediment trap carbon at 3200 m, representing a large export of carbon to the bathypelagic zone during salp blooms. GZ populations in both the Chesapeake Bay and Sargasso Sea are sensitive to seasonal changes in the environment on annual and interannual time scales. Long-term changes in GZ abundances could continue into the future, causing corresponding changes in carbon export.

Author: M. J. R. Fasham
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475703872
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 722

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The impetus for the conference held at Bombannes, France in May, 1982 arose out of a Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) Working Group on "Mathematical Models in Biological Oceanography". This group was chaired by K.H. Mann and held two meetings in 1977 and 1979. At both meetings it was felt that, although reductionist modelling of marine ecosystems had achieved some successes, the future progress lay in the development of holistic ecosystem models. The members of the group (K.H. Mann, T. Platt, J.M. Colebrook, D.F. Smith, M.J.R. Fasham, J. Field, G. Radach, R.E. Ulanowicz and F. Wulff) produced a critical review of reductionist and holistic models which was published by the Unesco Press (Platt, Mann and Ulanowicz, 1981). One of the conclusions of this review was that, whether holistic or reductionist models are preferred, it is critically important to increase the scientific effort in the measurement of physiological rates for the computation of ecological fluxes. The Working Group therefore recommended that an international meeting should be organized which would attempt to bring together theoretical ecologists and biological oceanographers to assess the present and future capability for measuring ecological fluxes and incorporating these data into models. An approach was made to the Marine Sciences Panel of the NATO Science Committee who expressed an interest in funding such a meeting. They awarded a planning grant and a planning group was formed consisting of M.J.R. Fasham, M.V. Angel, T. Platt, R.E.

Author: Rainer Kiko
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889639827
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 164

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Author: George Kehayias
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781629486802
Category : Marinbiologi
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Zooplankton organisms comprise very important elements of the structure and function of marine and freshwater ecosystems, not only as consumers of primary production, but also as food items for juvenile stages of several fish species. Moreover, its sensitivity to both man-made and natural changes makes zooplankton quite suitable for assessing alterations in the trophic dynamics and the ecological state of aquatic ecosystems related to changes in nutrient loading and climate. Multi-scale, spatial and temporal relationships between zooplankton variability and environmental heterogeneity are still not satisfactorily understood due to the complexity of the different aquatic ecosystems (considering both biotic and abiotic elements). Thus, the ambition of the present edition is to contribute to the understanding of the role of zooplankton by investigating ecological aspects such as the species diversity, their spatial distribution and seasonal dynamics in relation to the environmental influence in various aquatic ecosystems around the world. Topics discussed in this book include the understanding of the role of zooplankton in the transfer of pollutants through trophic food webs; plankton models to explain red tides; spatial patterns of trophy and zooplankton communities in a tropical urban reservoir; the zooplankton variation in five Greek lakes; the zooplankton community in a nuclear power station cooling reservoir; the spatio-temporal dynamics of cladocera and copepoda in the Danube River; the gelatinous zooplankton in the Namibian upwelling region; and the zooplankton community in relation to the environmental factors in a solar saltern.

Author: Joop Ringelberg
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 904813093X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 360

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Whatever theory may be advanced to explain diurnal migration, the underlying reactions involved must be demonstrated conc- sively in the laboratory before the explanation can be ?nally accepted George L. Clarke 1933 p. 434 In oceans and lakes, zooplankton often make diel vertical migrations (DVM), descending at dawn and coming up again in late afternoon and evening. The small animals cover distances of 10–40 m in lakes or even a few hundred metres in the open oceans. Although not as spectacular as migrations of birds or the massive movements of large mammals over the African savannas, the numbers involved are very large and the biomass exceed the bulk of the African herds. For example, in the Antarctic oceans swarms of “Krill” may cover kilometres across, with thousands of individuals per cubic metre. These Euphausiids are food for whales, the most bulky animals on earth. Zooplankton are key species in the pelagic food web, intermediary between algae and ?sh, and thus essential for the functioning of the pelagic community. Prey for many, they have evolved diverse strategies of survival and DVM is the most imp- tant one. Most ?sh are visually hunting predators and need a high light intensity to detect the often transparent animals. By moving down, the well-lit surface layers are avoided but they have to come up again at night to feed on algae.