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Author: Vera J. Lipton Publisher: ISBN: 9781838809867 Category : Big data Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Public science is critical to the economy and to society. However, much of the beneficial impact of scientific research only occurs when scientific knowledge is disseminated broadly and is used by others. This book examines the emerging policy, law and practice of facilitating open access to scientific research data. One particular focus is to examine the open data policies recently introduced by research funders and publishers, and the potential in these for driving the practice of open scientific data into the future. This study identifies five major stumbling blocks to sustainable open scientific data. Firstly, it is the prevailing mindset that facilitating open access to data is analogous to facilitating open access to publications and, therefore, research data can easily be shared, with research funders and librarians effectively leading the process. Secondly, it is the unclear meaning of the term data which causes confusion among stakeholders. Thirdly, it is the misunderstood incentives for data sharing and the additional inputs required from researchers. Fourthly, data privacy—an issue that only applies to selected research datasets, and yet appears to dominate the discussion about open research data. Finally, there is a copyright law, which poses challenges at different stages of data release and reuse. In this book, it is argued that the above problems can be addressed using a staged model for open scientific data. I draw specifically on the practice with open scientific data at CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) and the practice of sharing clinical trial data to argue that open data can be shared at various stages of processing and diversification. This model is supplemented by recommendations proposing changes to existing open data mandates and the introduction of a text and data mining exemption into Australian copyright law.
Author: Vera J. Lipton Publisher: ISBN: 9781838809867 Category : Big data Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Public science is critical to the economy and to society. However, much of the beneficial impact of scientific research only occurs when scientific knowledge is disseminated broadly and is used by others. This book examines the emerging policy, law and practice of facilitating open access to scientific research data. One particular focus is to examine the open data policies recently introduced by research funders and publishers, and the potential in these for driving the practice of open scientific data into the future. This study identifies five major stumbling blocks to sustainable open scientific data. Firstly, it is the prevailing mindset that facilitating open access to data is analogous to facilitating open access to publications and, therefore, research data can easily be shared, with research funders and librarians effectively leading the process. Secondly, it is the unclear meaning of the term data which causes confusion among stakeholders. Thirdly, it is the misunderstood incentives for data sharing and the additional inputs required from researchers. Fourthly, data privacy—an issue that only applies to selected research datasets, and yet appears to dominate the discussion about open research data. Finally, there is a copyright law, which poses challenges at different stages of data release and reuse. In this book, it is argued that the above problems can be addressed using a staged model for open scientific data. I draw specifically on the practice with open scientific data at CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) and the practice of sharing clinical trial data to argue that open data can be shared at various stages of processing and diversification. This model is supplemented by recommendations proposing changes to existing open data mandates and the introduction of a text and data mining exemption into Australian copyright law.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309486165 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 257
Book Description
One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030908850X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 238
Book Description
This symposium brought together leading experts and managers from the public and private sectors who are involved in the creation, dissemination, and use of scientific and technical data and information (STI) to: (1) describe and discuss the role and the benefits and costsâ€"both economic and otherâ€"of the public domain in STI in the research and education context, (2) to identify and analyze the legal, economic, and technological pressures on the public domain in STI in research and education, (3) describe and discuss existing and proposed approaches to preserving the public domain in STI in the United States, and (4) identify issues that may require further analysis.
Author: Alex Reinhart Publisher: No Starch Press ISBN: 1593276206 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 177
Book Description
Scientific progress depends on good research, and good research needs good statistics. But statistical analysis is tricky to get right, even for the best and brightest of us. You'd be surprised how many scientists are doing it wrong. Statistics Done Wrong is a pithy, essential guide to statistical blunders in modern science that will show you how to keep your research blunder-free. You'll examine embarrassing errors and omissions in recent research, learn about the misconceptions and scientific politics that allow these mistakes to happen, and begin your quest to reform the way you and your peers do statistics. You'll find advice on: –Asking the right question, designing the right experiment, choosing the right statistical analysis, and sticking to the plan –How to think about p values, significance, insignificance, confidence intervals, and regression –Choosing the right sample size and avoiding false positives –Reporting your analysis and publishing your data and source code –Procedures to follow, precautions to take, and analytical software that can help Scientists: Read this concise, powerful guide to help you produce statistically sound research. Statisticians: Give this book to everyone you know. The first step toward statistics done right is Statistics Done Wrong.
Author: Gloria Phillips-Wren Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030518701 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 333
Book Description
Big data and data science are transforming our world today in ways we could not have imagined at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The accompanying wave of innovation has sparked advances in healthcare, engineering, business, science, and human perception, among others. The tremendous advances in computing power and intelligent techniques have opened many opportunities for managing data and investigating data in virtually every field, and the scope of data science is expected to grow over the next decade. These future research achievements will solve old challenges and create new opportunities for growth and development. Thus, the research presented in this book is interdisciplinary and covers themes embracing emotions, artificial intelligence, robotics applications, sentiment analysis, smart city problems, assistive technologies, speech melody, and fall and abnormal behavior detection. The book is directed to the researchers, practitioners, professors and students interested in recent advances in methodologies and applications of data science. An introduction to the topic is provided, and research challenges and future research opportunities are highlighted throughout.
Author: Yafeng Shan Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 1000780880 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 425
Book Description
This collection of original essays offers a comprehensive examination of scientific progress, which has been a central topic in recent debates in philosophy of science. Traditionally, debates over scientific progress have focused on different methodological approaches, notably the epistemic and semantic approaches. The chapters in Part I of the book examine these two traditional approaches, as well as the newly revived functional and newly developed noetic approaches. Part II features in-depth case studies of scientific progress from the history of science. The chapters cover individual sciences including physics, chemistry, evolutionary biology, seismology, psychology, sociology, economics, and medicine. Finally, Part III of the book explores important issues from contemporary philosophy of science. These chapters address the implications of scientific progress for the scientific realism/anti-realism debate, incommensurability, values in science, idealisation, scientific speculation, interdisciplinarity, and scientific perspectivalism. New Philosophical Perspectives on Scientific Progress will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working on the history and philosophy of science.
Author: J.R Rumble Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780750300483 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 312
Book Description
Computerized databases provide a powerful everyday tool for data handling by scientists and engineers. However, the unique nature of many technical tasks requires a specialized approach to make use of the many powerful commercial database tools now available. Using these tools has proved difficult because database technology is often shrouded in layers of jargon. An essential guide for scientists and engineers who use computers to avoid drowning in a flood of data, Database Systems in Science and Engineering dispels the myths associated with database design and breaks the barriers to successful databases. Using the language of scientists and engineers, this book explains concepts and problems, offers practical steps and solutions, and provides new ideas for better data handling. The first part of the book presents an overview of technical databases using examples taken from real applications and the current state of technical databases. The second part covers the computer implementation of technical databases, including examples and the necessary computer science theory to form a sound background. The authors confront the many difficulties that arise in the design and implementation of a realistic database and offer solutions to these challenges. Before beginning any database project, scientists and engineers should read this book to understand how to make every database project successful through careful planning, good design, and efficient use of database tools.
Author: Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (U.S.). Panel on Scientific Responsibility and the Conduct of Research Publisher: National Academies ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 228
Book Description
Responsible Science is a comprehensive review of factors that influence the integrity of the research process. Volume I examines reports on the incidence of misconduct in science and reviews institutional and governmental efforts to handle cases of misconduct. The result of a two-year study by a panel of experts convened by the National Academy of Sciences, this book critically analyzes the impact of today's research environment on the traditional checks and balances that foster integrity in science. Responsible Science is a provocative examination of the role of educational efforts; research guidelines; and the contributions of individual scientists, mentors, and institutional officials in encouraging responsible research practices.
Author: Phyllis S. Glaeser Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780891169314 Category : Art Languages : en Pages : 408
Book Description
Topics dealt with: Bioscience and biotechnology; Industry and technology; Safety and environmental protection; Geo- and space sciences; Scientific aspects of collecting and distributing data; Legal and social aspects of data dissemination; Innovations in data handling.
Author: Henry Han Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811587604 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 295
Book Description
This book constitutes selected papers of the Third International Conference on Data Science, Medicine and Bioinformatics, IDMB 2019, held in Nanning, China, in June 2019. The 19 full papers and 1 short paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 93 submissions. The papers are organized according to the following topical sections: business data science: fintech, management, and analytics.- health and biological data science.- novel data science theory and applications.
Author: Vera J. Lipton
Author: Vera J. Lipton
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: National Research Council
Author: Alex Reinhart
Author: Gloria Phillips-Wren
Author: Yafeng Shan
Author: J.R Rumble
Author: Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (U.S.). Panel on Scientific Responsibility and the Conduct of Research
Author: Phyllis S. Glaeser
Author: Henry Han