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Author: Nicole L. Cammack Publisher: ISBN: Category : African American youth Languages : en Pages : 88
Book Description
African American youth are disproportionately located in neighborhoods characterized by crime and are at an increased risk for exposure to community violence and perceiving their neighborhoods to be violent. Each of these three experiences with violence has been linked with conduct problems. However, methodological problems in the existing literature limit our ability to understand whether these three types of violence differentially affect the development of adolescent conduct problems and if so, what the relative effects of these experiences with violence are. In addition, research has not examined whether the more proximal experiences with violence (i.e., community violence exposure and perceived neighborhood violence) are more useful for explaining the development of conduct problems that more distal experiences such as neighborhood crime. To address these issues, the present study examined whether neighborhood crime, community violence exposure, and perceived neighborhood violence differentially predicted youth conduct problems. Participants were an epidemiologically-defined community sample of 585 African American adolescents (53.2% male) assessed at regular intervals from elementary school through adolescence. Results revealed that each experience with violence was differentially associated with youth conduct problems, with varied effects for males and females. Understanding the effects of neighborhood crime, community violence exposure, and perceived neighborhood violence on the development of conduct problems is an initial step in the development of contextually-relevant interventions to promote healthy developmental outcomes in urban adolescents.
Author: Nicole L. Cammack Publisher: ISBN: Category : African American youth Languages : en Pages : 88
Book Description
African American youth are disproportionately located in neighborhoods characterized by crime and are at an increased risk for exposure to community violence and perceiving their neighborhoods to be violent. Each of these three experiences with violence has been linked with conduct problems. However, methodological problems in the existing literature limit our ability to understand whether these three types of violence differentially affect the development of adolescent conduct problems and if so, what the relative effects of these experiences with violence are. In addition, research has not examined whether the more proximal experiences with violence (i.e., community violence exposure and perceived neighborhood violence) are more useful for explaining the development of conduct problems that more distal experiences such as neighborhood crime. To address these issues, the present study examined whether neighborhood crime, community violence exposure, and perceived neighborhood violence differentially predicted youth conduct problems. Participants were an epidemiologically-defined community sample of 585 African American adolescents (53.2% male) assessed at regular intervals from elementary school through adolescence. Results revealed that each experience with violence was differentially associated with youth conduct problems, with varied effects for males and females. Understanding the effects of neighborhood crime, community violence exposure, and perceived neighborhood violence on the development of conduct problems is an initial step in the development of contextually-relevant interventions to promote healthy developmental outcomes in urban adolescents.
Author: Akiva Liberman Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437921167 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods(PHDCN) was designed to investigate the development of crime and violence in children and adolescents. The PHDCN combines a longitudinal study of more than 6,000 Chicago children and adolescents with a study of Chicago neighborhoods. The longitudinal study involved interviews with children, adolescents, and primary caregivers conducted from 1995 through 2001. This report summarizes findings from four recently published papers using the PHDCN longitudinal study to address various questions about adolescent violence. A common factor in all the articles summarized in this report is the important role of neighborhoods in increasing or controlling adolescent violence. Illustrations.
Author: Roberta Liggett Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 110
Book Description
Despite overall reductions in youth violence, racial disparities in violent offending and victimization persist, such that racial minorities disproportionately shoulder the burden of both. It is proposed that the antecedents of youth violence are the same for all youth, regardless of race and ethnic background. Instead, racial disparities in youth violence and victimization result from sociopolitical structures of racial inequality, which historically isolate racial and ethnic minorities into underserved communities, where contact with risk is more likely. Youth violence scholarship has explored the ways community structures, such as physical disorder, social disorder, policing, and community violence, influence community perceptions, norms, and behaviors as well as individual youth behavior and development. However, many of these inquiries have occurred separately within siloed disciplines and are rarely integrated together. The purpose of this dissertation is to use a framework from human development, known as sociocultural development, to organize race-focused inquires regarding youth violence and test the relevance of several, multilevel risk factors on youth socioemotional development and violent behavior. Using data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN), this dissertation explores the relationships between neighborhood physical disorder, community perceptions of danger, community perceptions of policing, and frequency of violence exposure on youth internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and violent offending. A combination of hierarchical linear modeling and individual growth curve modeling were used to assess multi-level impacts on neighborhood perceptions and youth outcomes. Results indicate that higher levels of neighborhood physical disorder predict greater individual perceptions of neighborhood danger and less positive attitudes towards the police. However, these perceptions at the community level did not significantly influence individual youth violence. Individual growth curve models assessed between-and within-individual change in violence exposure, internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and violent offending. Results indicate that youth display fairly similar rates of change in all dependent variables, but that early exposure to violence and neighborhood physical disorder significantly predict where youth "start" in their trajectories. Consistent with race-invariance perspectives, Black youth, in particular, report higher frequencies of violence exposure, which places them above White and Hispanic/Latino youth in externalizing issues and violent offending. However, trajectories of violence exposure were unique for Hispanic/Latino youth, indicating the need to further explore sources of risk and resiliency for this diverse group of youth. In addition, more research should be conducted to explore the unique ways Black and Hispanic/Latino youth, families, and communities adapt to violence exposure and disorder in order to tailor youth violence prevention initiatives that are strengths-based and relevant.
Author: Eileen M. Ahlin Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 0429655096 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 124
Book Description
This book places youth violence within a Routine Activity Ecological Framework. Youth violence, specifically youth exposure to community violence and youth perpetration of violent behaviors, occur within various contexts. Ahlin and Antunes situate their discussion of youth violence within an ecological framework, identifying how it is nested within four mesosystem layers: community, family, peers and schools, and youth characteristics. Contextualized using an ecological framework, the Routine Activity Theory and Lifestyles perspective (RAT/LS) are well suited to guide an examination of youth violence risk and protective factors across the four layers. Drawing on scholarship that explores predictors and consequences of youth violence, the authors apply RAT/LS theory to explain how community, family, peers, schools, and youth characteristics influence youth behavior. Each layer of the ecological framework unfolds to reveal the latest scholarship and contextualizes how concepts of RAT/LS, specifically the motivated offender, target suitability, and guardianship, can be applied at each level. This book also highlights the mechanisms and processes that contribute to youth exposure to and involvement in violence by exploring factors examined in the literature as protective and risk factors of youth violence. Youth violence occurs in context, and, as such, the understanding of multilevel predictors and preventive measures against it can be situated within an RAT/LS ecological framework. This work links theory to extant research. Ahlin and Antunes demonstrate how knowledge of youth violence can be used to develop a robust theoretical foundation that can inform policy to improve neighborhoods and youth experiences within their communities, families, and peers and within their schools while acknowledging the importance of individual characteristics. This monograph is essential reading for those interested in youth violence, juvenile delinquency, and juvenile justice research and anyone dedicated to preventing crime among youths.
Author: Dante Cicchetti Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118120930 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 1152
Book Description
Examine the latest research merging nature and nurture in pathological development Developmental Psychopathology is a four-volume compendium of the most complete and current research on every aspect of the field. Volume Four: Genes and Environment focuses on the interplay between nature and nurture throughout the life stages, and the ways in which a child's environment can influence his or her physical and mental health as an adult. The discussion explores relationships with family, friends, and the community; environmental factors like poverty, violence, and social support; the development of coping mechanisms, and more, including the impact of these factors on physical brain development. This new third edition has been fully updated to incorporate the latest advances, and to better reflect the increasingly multilevel and interdisciplinary nature of the field and the growing importance of translational research. The relevance of classification in a developmental context is also addressed, including DSM-5 criteria and definitions. Advances in developmental psychopathology are occurring increasingly quickly as expanding theoretical and empirical work brings about dramatic gains in the multiple domains of child and adult development. This book brings you up to date on the latest developments surrounding genetics and environmental influence, including their intersection in experience-dependent brain development. Understand the impact of childhood adversity on adulthood health Gauge the effects of violence, poverty, interparental conflict, and more Learn how peer, family, and community relationships drive development Examine developments in prevention science and future research priorities Developmental psychopathology is necessarily interdisciplinary, as development arises from a dynamic interplay between psychological, genetic, social, cognitive, emotional, and cultural factors. Developmental Psychopathology Volume Four: Genes and Environment brings this diverse research together to give you a cohesive picture of the state of knowledge in the field.
Author: Todd I. Herrenkohl Publisher: OUP USA ISBN: 0195369599 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 207
Book Description
Edited by four leading violence researchers, this book takes a systemic view, offering a critical appraisal of research and theory that focuses on violence in youth, families, and communities.
Author: Judith Rozie-Battle Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317788052 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 114
Book Description
Become a more effective social worker with this outstanding volume on inner-city urban youth! African-American Adolescents in the Urban Community: Social Services Policy and Practice Interventions examines contemporary issues confronting African-American youth. It highlights key areas such as health, education, the criminal justice system, and youth development strategies. An essential overview of the status of urban African-American youth for students, professionals working with this important population, and policymakers, this vital book proposes policy and programming considerations for today and for the future.African-American Adolescents in the Urban Community is a one-stop view of: ways to help African-American youth experience responsibility and community involvement health concerns of this population, including teen pregnancy, alcohol and drug addiction, and limited access to health care the challenges that lie ahead for African-American girls, including crime, poverty, poor self-esteem, and peer pressure ways to help teenage fathers meet their financial and emotional obligations to their families police and prosecutorial policies that need to be examined and challenged to end the perception of a racially unjust system and much more
Author: Barry Leonard Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437920209 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 26
Book Description
The ¿code of the street¿ theory presents an explanation for high rates of violence among African-Amer. (AA) adolescents. Observing life in a Phila. AA neighborhood, Anderson saw that economic disadvantage, separation from mainstream society, and racial discrim. encountered by some AA adolescents may lead to anti-social attitudes and to violent behavior. This report explores this thesis; researchers conducted repeated interviews with more than 800 AA adolescents (ages 10 to 15) and their primary caregivers. The researchers looked for developmental relationships between neighborhood and family characteristics, reported experiences with racial discrim., expressed street code values and self-reported violent behavior in young people. Illus.
Author: Joseph Jones Publisher: Austin & Winfield Publishers ISBN: Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
Jones (criminal justice and criminology, Taylor U.) explains what interventions work and do not work in high-crime Black neighborhoods, focusing on the efforts of Christian Community Development Organizations and other non-violent community organizations. He explores their role and strategies in crime prevention and the role of race in leadership and service delivery. His research earned Jones the Distinguished Dissertation Award from the State University of New York in Albany. Double spaced. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author: Alfiee M. Breland-Noble Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319255010 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
This handbook fills major gaps in the child and adolescent mental health literature by focusing on the unique challenges and resiliencies of African American youth. It combines a cultural perspective on the needs of the population with best-practice approaches to interventions. Chapters provide expert insights into sociocultural factors that influence mental health, the prevalence of particular disorders among African American adolescents, ethnically salient assessment and diagnostic methods, and the evidence base for specific models. The information presented in this handbook helps bring the field closer to critical goals: increasing access to treatment, preventing misdiagnosis and over hospitalization, and reducing and ending disparities in research and care. Topics featured in this book include: The epidemiology of mental disorders in African American youth. Culturally relevant diagnosis and assessment of mental illness. Uses of dialectical behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy. Community approaches to promoting positive mental health and psychosocial well-being. Culturally relevant psychopharmacology. Future directions for the field. The Handbook of Mental Health in African American Youth is a must-have resource for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians and related professionals in child and school psychology, public health, family studies, child and adolescent psychiatry, family medicine, and social work.
Author: Nicole L. Cammack
Author: Nicole L. Cammack
Author: Akiva Liberman
Author: Roberta Liggett
Author: Eileen M. Ahlin
Author: Dante Cicchetti
Author: Todd I. Herrenkohl
Author: Judith Rozie-Battle
Author: Barry Leonard
Author: Joseph Jones
Author: Alfiee M. Breland-Noble