Author: Timothy ChandlerPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The Role and Potential Use of Biomarkers in Environmental Exposure Assessments
Author: Timothy ChandlerUse of Biomarkers in Assessing Health and Environmental Impacts of Chemical Pollutants
Author: Curtis C. TravisPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489920528
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 283
Book Description
Biological markers (biomarkers) are useful tools for understanding the nature and extent of human exposure and risk from environmental toxicants. Biomarkers are classified into three basic categories: exposure, effect, or susceptibility. A marker of exposure is the product of the interaction between a target cell or molecule and a foreign substance (NAS, 1989). These markers can be used to determine the biologically effective dose necessary to elicit a particular physiological change in an organism. A marker of effect is a biochemical or physiological change in an organism that can predict the onset of adverse health effects resulting from a given exposure. Lastly, markers of susceptibility act as indicators of an inherent or acquired tendency of an organism to experience an adverse health effect (NAS, 1989). These markers are already used to detect a variety of diseases and show great promise for developing a better understanding of the mechanicisms of disease. Additionally, biomarkers can be used to establish a more rational basis for quantitative risk extrapolation between species, as weIl as to obtain more precise estimates of the time of critical exposure. These markers can also prove helpful in identifying potentially damaging exposures before the onset of adverse health effects. Biomarkers serve as a valuable exposure assessment tool because they take into account exposure from all routes and integrate exposure from all sources. They have the potential to yield better risk estimates than current monitoring and modeling protocols. In lune 1992, Dr. Travis and Dr.
Exposure Assessment in Environmental Epidemiology
Author: Mark J. NieuwenhuijsenPublisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199378789
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 417
Book Description
This completely updated edition of Exposure Assessment in Environmental Epidemiology offers a practical introduction to exposure assessment methodologies in environmental epidemiologic studies. In addition to methods for traditional methods -- questionnaires, biomonitoring -- this new edition is expanded to include geographic information systems, modeling, personal sensoring, remote sensing, and OMICs technologies. In addition, each of these methods is contextualized within a recent epidemiology study, maximizing illustration for students and those new to these to these techniques. With clear writing and extensive illustration, this book will be useful to anyone interested in exposure assessment, regardless of background.
Use of Biomarkers for Environmental Quality Assessment
Author: Jean-Claude AmiardPublisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000448371
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 370
Book Description
This work is primarily designed for any person or organization in charge of assessment of the quality of natural resources and of pollution prevention.
The Use of Biomarkers in Environmental Exposure Assessment
Author: Exposure Science in the 21st Century
Author: National Research CouncilPublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309264685
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 210
Book Description
From the use of personal products to our consumption of food, water, and air, people are exposed to a wide array of agents each day-many with the potential to affect health. Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and A Strategy investigates the contact of humans or other organisms with those agents (that is, chemical, physical, and biologic stressors) and their fate in living systems. The concept of exposure science has been instrumental in helping us understand how stressors affect human and ecosystem health, and in efforts to prevent or reduce contact with harmful stressors. In this way exposure science has played an integral role in many areas of environmental health, and can help meet growing needs in environmental regulation, urban and ecosystem planning, and disaster management. Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and A Strategy explains that there are increasing demands for exposure science information, for example to meet needs for data on the thousands of chemicals introduced into the market each year, and to better understand the health effects of prolonged low-level exposure to stressors. Recent advances in tools and technologies-including sensor systems, analytic methods, molecular technologies, computational tools, and bioinformatics-have provided the potential for more accurate and comprehensive exposure science data than ever before. This report also provides a roadmap to take advantage of the technologic innovations and strategic collaborations to move exposure science into the future.
Accelerating the Development of Biomarkers for Drug Safety
Author: Institute of MedicinePublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309142318
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 101
Book Description
Biomarkers can be defined as indicators of any biologic state, and they are central to the future of medicine. As the cost of developing drugs has risen in recent years, reducing the number of new drugs approved for use, biomarker development may be a way to cut costs, enhance safety, and provide a more focused and rational pathway to drug development. On October 24, 2008, the IOM's Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation held "Assessing and Accelerating Development of Biomarkers for Drug Safety," a one-day workshop, summarized in this volume, on the value of biomarkers in helping to determine drug safety during development.
Nondestructive Biomarkers in Vertebrates
Author: Cristina FossiPublisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000724301
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 378
Book Description
Nondestructive Biomarkers in Vertebrates presents an innovative approach for hazard assessment in vertebrates based on nondestructive rather than destructive methods. The book reviews the state of the art and defines the development and validation procedure of this new strategy. Biological materials, such as blood samples, epithelial tissue, eggs, feathers, and feces that can be obtained without stress or damage to the animal are suggested. Certain traditional studies (blood esterases, blood chemistry, mixed function oxidases, porphyrins, DNA damage, and cytological changes) can be performed on these specimens, along with new tests requiring only very small samples. This approach is developed to benefit protected, threatened species whose existence cannot be further jeopardized by the use of destructive methods. This volume will be particularly useful to ecotoxicologists, wildlife protection personnel, environmental consultants, and conservationist organizations.
IEH Report on the Use of Biomarkers in Environmental Exposure Assessment
Author: Medical Research Council (Great Britain). Institute for Environment and HealthPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 124
Book Description
Bioindicators and Biomarkers of Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment
Author: Jamil KaiserPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 230
Book Description
Provides the reader with an overview of the variety of animal and plants that are available for use as environmental monitors. The author emphasizes that the use of a single species of target bioindicator is not appropriate or scientifically sound for the monitoring of several toxic pollutants.