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Author: Kazuhide Odaki Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN: 1509920331 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 211
Book Description
Although employers are required to pay compensation for employee inventions under the laws in many countries, existing legal literature has never critically examined whether such compensation actually gives employee inventors an incentive to invent as the legislature intends. This book addresses the issue through reference to recent, large-scale surveys on the motivation of employee inventors (in Europe, the United States and Japan) and studies in social psychology and econometrics, arguing that the compensation is unlikely to boost the motivation, productivity and creativity of employee inventors, and thereby encourage the creation of inventions. It also discusses the ownership of inventions made by university researchers, giving due consideration to the need to ensure open science and their academic freedom. Challenging popular assumptions, this book provides a solution to a critical issue by arguing that compensation for employee inventions should not be made mandatory regardless of jurisdiction because there is no legitimate reason to require employers to pay it. This means that patent law does not need to give employee inventors an 'incentive to invent' separately from the 'incentive to innovate' which is already given to employers.
Author: Kazuhide Odaki Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN: 1509920331 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 211
Book Description
Although employers are required to pay compensation for employee inventions under the laws in many countries, existing legal literature has never critically examined whether such compensation actually gives employee inventors an incentive to invent as the legislature intends. This book addresses the issue through reference to recent, large-scale surveys on the motivation of employee inventors (in Europe, the United States and Japan) and studies in social psychology and econometrics, arguing that the compensation is unlikely to boost the motivation, productivity and creativity of employee inventors, and thereby encourage the creation of inventions. It also discusses the ownership of inventions made by university researchers, giving due consideration to the need to ensure open science and their academic freedom. Challenging popular assumptions, this book provides a solution to a critical issue by arguing that compensation for employee inventions should not be made mandatory regardless of jurisdiction because there is no legitimate reason to require employers to pay it. This means that patent law does not need to give employee inventors an 'incentive to invent' separately from the 'incentive to innovate' which is already given to employers.
Author: Tumbridge Tumbridge Publisher: Law Brief Publishing ISBN: 9781913715250 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 102
Book Description
Businesses need to understand the value in inventions, but do not always fully appreciate the relationship between their employees, the inventions they create and who owns the result. In this book, oriented to the business executive and written in straightforward language we guide the reader through the detail and procedures relating to employee inventions, explaining under what circumstances a person is a relevant employee so that their inventions become those of their employers. The law is specified in the Patents Act 1977 but there are circumstances where the factual position as to who is an employee, and whether their invention belongs to an employer is not so clear cut. The commentary takes the reader through a series of cases and a course of commentary to explain this area of law. There has also been recent judicial attention as to the level of compensation which ought to be paid to employees for inventions that benefit their employer. We explain the concept of making a contribution which is of outstanding benefit to the employer, and in what circumstances the employer's benefits deriving from the invention, the patent for it or both can then require a fair share to be paid to the employee. What was a little known part of patent law has been brought to the fore by this book and is given the prominence and explanation that it deserves. ABOUT THE AUTHORS James Tumbridge is a barrister and an Intellectual Property Litigation partner at Venner Shipley, a European Intellectual Property firm. James has been a litigator for 20 years, and has extensive experience in commercial litigation, intellectual property and alternative dispute resolution. He has a uniquely international experience having worked and appeared in courts in the USA, Canada, the UK and British Overseas territories. He is the author of 'Tumbridge's Guide to Legal Qualification: The Common Law World', and a co-author of 'Drafting Patents for Litigation and Licensing'; and co-author of 'Privilege and Professional Confidences: An International Review'. Ashley Roughton is a practicing barrister and has been in practice in technology based areas of law, principally Intellectual Property law and competition for over 25 years. He is also a teaching member of the department of Law at Queen Mary, University of London. Ashley is a co-author of the competition annex of the CIPA guide and also writes a number of chapters for both 'The Modern Law of Trade Marks' and 'The Modern Law of Patents' (of which he is chief editor). CONTENTS 1.Introduction 2.General Summary 3. The Relationship Between Employer and Employee and the Notion of a Worker 4. Employee Inventions Arising Under the Patents Act 1977 and the European Patents Convention 5. Employee Inventions Arising in Equity 6. Employee Inventions and Assignments 7. Entitlement 8. The Employee as the Proprietor and the Duty to Account 9. The Employer as the Proprietor and the Obligation to Compensate
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary Publisher: ISBN: Category : Employee rights Languages : en Pages : 122
Book Description
Committee Serial No. 15. Includes "Federal Employee Invention Rights -- Time to Legislate," by Marcus B. Finnegan and Richard W. Pogue, Michigan Law Review, May 1957 (p. 49-112).
Author: Sanna Wolk Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V. ISBN: 9041192654 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 872
Book Description
In today’s knowledge-based global economy, most inventions are made by employed persons through their employers’ research and development activities. However, methods of establishing rights over an employee’s intellectual property assets are relatively uncertain in the absence of international solutions. Given that increasingly more businesses establish entities in different countries and more employees co-operate across borders, it becomes essential for companies to be able to establish the conditions under which ownership subsists in intellectual property created in employment relationships in various countries. This comparative law publication describes and analyses employers’ acquisition of employees’ intellectual property rights, first in general and then in depth. This second edition of the book considers thirty-four different jurisdictions worldwide. The book was developed within the framework of the International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property (AIPPI), a non-affiliated, non-profit organization dedicated to improving and promoting the protection of intellectual property at both national and international levels. Among the issues and topics covered by the forty-nine distinguished contributors are the following: • different approaches in different law systems; • choice of law for contracts; • harmonizing international jurisdiction rules; • conditions for recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments; • employees’ rights in copyright, semiconductor chips, inventions, designs, plant varieties and utility models on a country-by-country basis; • employee remuneration right; • parties’ duty to inform; and • instances for disputes. With its wealth of information on an increasingly important subject for practitioners in every jurisdiction, this book is sure to be put to constant use by corporate lawyers and in-house counsel everywhere. It is also exceptionally valuable as a thorough resource for academics and researchers interested in the international harmonization of intellectual property law.
Author: Bruun, Niklas Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1782547258 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 424
Book Description
This comprehensive Research Handbook explores the rights of employers and employees with regard to intellectual property (IP) created within the framework of the employment relationship. Investigating the development of employee IP from a comparative perspective, it contextualises issues in the light of theoretical approaches in both IP law and labour law.
Author: Ann Monotti Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Australian patent law contains no express code for ascertaining ownership of employee inventions, other than to vest rights by statute in the first instance in the inventor. The rights of an employer must derive from the inventor. In the private business sector, the usual way in which an employer will protect its rights to inventions that its employees are paid to create is with an express term in the employment contract. This will commonly involve some requirement to assign future inventions to the employer. In the past, where the owner of a business might have overlooked the need for an express claim, or where an express claim was found to be unenforceable, the courts have developed doctrines at common law and in equity to protect the entitlement of business owners to inventions that arose from work that the employee was paid to perform. At common law, a term was implied in law into employment contracts to the effect that the employer is entitled to the product of the work that the employee is paid to perform, even when the product is a patentable invention. The generality of the defined circumstances in which employees must assign inventions to their employer, such as 'in the course of employment' or 'in pursuance of the duties of employment' makes these rules very difficult to apply with certainty. The main difficulty has been to decide whether it was the employee's job to create the invention that is being fought over. The result is a lack of certainty in marginal cases that employment lawyers aim to minimise with carefully drafted contracts of employment. It is within this broad context of relative uncertainty as to entitlement to employee inventions created in business environments that the courts were asked to determine the rights of university employers to the inventions of their academic employees in Victoria University of Technology v Wilson, and University of Western Australia v Gray. Universities had embraced commercial activities since the 1990s, following government pressure for them to be part of the wider innovation agenda. This engagement with the inn ovation agenda was accompanied with an expectation for universities to own and manage employee inventions 'to maximise the national benefits and returns from public investment in research'. The Wilson and Gray cases show that this entry into the business of commercial exploitation of inventions has provided fertile ground for entitlement disputes with entrepreneurial academic inventors, despite institutional attempts to make express claims. However, it is important not to exaggerate the potential for problems in this area, because only a small quantity of academic employee inventions will be suitable for commercial exploitation through licensing or some other means, and most technology transfer activities will proceed without undue dispute as to appropriate terms. The bulk of university research is disseminated openly through the usual avenues of conference presentations, articles and books, staff transfers and teaching. Nevertheless, the Wilson and Gray cases remind us that valuable inventions are created, disputes do arise and that the legal principles developed in business contexts are not necessarily appropriate for the resolution of disputes in an academic environment. The cases warn that contractual assignments of future inventions in academic employment contracts are not always enforceable, that express conditions may not be construed as expected and that there is now precedent for universities to be treated as distinctive from other business enterprises. The result is not one that inspires confidence for effective management of university intellectual property resources and suggests that some review of policy and the law is due. The question of ownership of employee inventions generally was raised by the Industrial Property Advisory Committee in its review of the patent system in 1984. The committee recommended that no change be made to the ownership position that prevailed under common law, even though the UK government had codified the principles in its Patents Act 1977 (UK). However, the Gray decision has changed the common law position for academic employee inventions with the result that the default position is no longer consistent with policy in this area. The author argues that the 'disconnect' between law and policy provides a reason for government to review its policies and if necessary to develop and codify the principles in the Patents Act 1990 (Cth) to ensure consistency in approach and outcome.
Author: Fredrik Neumeyer Publisher: MIT Press (MA) ISBN: Category : Biography & Autobiography Languages : en Pages : 568
Book Description
USA. Monograph on the legal status of employee-engineers, scientists and technicians, who in the course of their duties are responsible for inventions - reviews the historical background of patent law and government policy concerning copyright and the assignment of ownership and examines employment policy, labour relations, working conditions and collective agreements concerning researchers in industry, public enterprise and the university. Bibliography pp. 497 to 508 and statistical tables.
Author: Kazuhide Odaki
Author: Kazuhide Odaki
Author: Tumbridge Tumbridge
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary
Author: Sanna Wolk
Author: Bruun, Niklas
Author: Ann Monotti
Author: Fredrik Neumeyer
Author: Jasper Silva Costa
Author: George Ticknor Curtis
Author: George Ticknor Curtis