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Author: Melina Wiese Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3668151458 Category : Literary Collections Languages : en Pages : 35
Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Bonn (Anglistik), course: Language in the Mind, language: English, abstract: When homonymous meanings are assumed to have separate representations in the human mind does this count for polysemous senses and does the processing advantage differ between homonymous and polysemous words? Since this is a very new perspective in psycholinguistics, not many results have been achieved by now. Thus, this study aims to go further and explain ‘the source of the processing advantage’ which could have been observed in previous lexical decision studies with ambiguous words. In addition this study will focus on the diverse processing advantages for homonyms and polysemes and attempts to provide a model for the word representation of homonymous and polysemous words. Accordingly, the experiment is constituted as a lexical decision task. The used corpus was adopted from the study of Rodd et al. (2002: 263-264) which built the base for this study. This corpus was used because the present study only included 20 participants which thus only allows a predication to a limited extent. But by choosing this corpus parallels can be drawn between those two experiments and thereby a more general and meaningful statement can be provided.
Author: Melina Wiese Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3668151458 Category : Literary Collections Languages : en Pages : 35
Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Bonn (Anglistik), course: Language in the Mind, language: English, abstract: When homonymous meanings are assumed to have separate representations in the human mind does this count for polysemous senses and does the processing advantage differ between homonymous and polysemous words? Since this is a very new perspective in psycholinguistics, not many results have been achieved by now. Thus, this study aims to go further and explain ‘the source of the processing advantage’ which could have been observed in previous lexical decision studies with ambiguous words. In addition this study will focus on the diverse processing advantages for homonyms and polysemes and attempts to provide a model for the word representation of homonymous and polysemous words. Accordingly, the experiment is constituted as a lexical decision task. The used corpus was adopted from the study of Rodd et al. (2002: 263-264) which built the base for this study. This corpus was used because the present study only included 20 participants which thus only allows a predication to a limited extent. But by choosing this corpus parallels can be drawn between those two experiments and thereby a more general and meaningful statement can be provided.
Author: Gonia Jarema Publisher: BRILL ISBN: 0080548695 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 245
Book Description
This volume reflects a consensus that the investigation of words in the mind offers a unique opportunity to understand both human language ability and general human cognition. It brings together key perspectives on the fundamental nature of the representation and processing of words in the mind. This thematic volume covers a wide range of views on the fundamental nature of representation and processing of words in the mind and a range of views on the investigative techniques that are most likely to reveal that nature. It provides an overview of issues and developments in the field. It uncovers the processes of word recognition. It develops new models of lexical processing.
Author: Marina Rakova Publisher: Peter Lang Publishing ISBN: Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
The volume aims to explore the relationship between the theoretical modelling and the mental representation of the perceived multiplicity of lexical meanings. The collection is divided into three thematic sections, discussing psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic evidence concerning polysemy; theoretical considerations regarding the representation of different types of meaning variation phenomena; and polysemy connected (in a variety of ways) to syntactic constructions. A common theme for the contributions is the recognition that consideration of a range of so far neglected types of evidence (both from within and from outside of linguistics proper) is essential to achieve further progress in polysemy research.
Author: Yael Ravin Publisher: OUP Oxford ISBN: 019158469X Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 242
Book Description
This volume of newly commissioned essays examines current theoretical and computational work on polysemy, the term used in semantic analysis to describe words with more than one meaning or function, sometimes perhaps related (as in plain) and sometimes perhaps not (as in bank). Such words present few difficulties in everyday language, but pose central problems for linguists and lexicographers, especially for those involved in lexical semantics and in computational modelling. The contributors to this book–leading researchers in theoretical and computational linguistics–consider the implications of these problems for grammatical theory and how they may be addressed by computational means. The theoretical essays in the book examine polysemy as an aspect of a broader theory of word meaning. Three theoretical approaches are presented: the Classical (or Aristotelian), the Prototypical, and the Relational. Their authors describe the nature of polysemy, the criteria for detecting it, and its manifestations across languages. They examine the issues arising from the regularity of polysemy and the theoretical principles proposed to account for the interaction of lexical meaning with the semantics and syntax of the context in which it occurs. Finally they consider the formal representations of meaning in the lexicon, and their implications for dictionary construction. The computational essays are concerned with the challenge of polysemy to automatic sense disambiguation–how intended meaning for a word occurrence can be identified. The approaches presented include the exploitation of lexical information in machine-readable dictionaries, machine learning based on patterns of word co-occurrence, and hybrid approaches that combine the two. As a whole, the volume shows how on the one hand theoretical work provides the motivation and may suggest the basis for computational algorithms, while on the other computational results may validate, or reveal problems in, the principles set forth by theories.
Author: M. Lynne Murphy Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139437453 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 306
Book Description
Semantic Relations and the Lexicon explores the many paradigmatic semantic relations between words, such as synonymy, antonymy and hyponymy, and their relevance to the mental organization of our vocabularies. Drawing on a century's research in linguistics, psychology, philosophy, anthropology and computer science, M. Lynne Murphy proposes a pragmatic approach to these relations. Whereas traditional approaches have claimed that paradigmatic relations are part of our lexical knowledge, Dr Murphy argues that they constitute metalinguistic knowledge, which can be derived through a single relational principle, and may also be stored as part of our extra-lexical, conceptual representations of a word. Part I shows how this approach can account for the properties of lexical relations in ways that traditional approaches cannot, and Part II examines particular relations in detail. This book will serve as an informative handbook for all linguists and cognitive scientists interested in the mental representation of vocabulary.
Author: Nikolas Gisborne Publisher: BRILL ISBN: 9004375295 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 319
Book Description
In Ten Lectures on Event Structure in a Network Theory of Language, Nikolas Gisborne offers an account of verb meaning from the perspective of a model that treats language structure as part of the wider cognitive network.
Author: Adam Kilgarriff Publisher: ISBN: Category : Polysemy Languages : en Pages : 146
Book Description
Abstract: "What does it mean to say a word has several meanings? On what grounds do lexicographers make their judgments about the number of meanings a word has? How do the senses a dictionary lists relate to the full range of ways a word might get used? How might NLP systems deal with multiple meanings? These are the questions the thesis addresses. The 'Bank Model' of lexical ambiguity, in which polysemy is treated as homonymy, is shown to be flawed. Words do not in general have a finite number of discrete meanings which an ideal dictionary would list. A word has, in addition to its dictionary senses, an indefinite range of extended uses. The lexicographer describes only the uses which occur reasonably frequently and are not entirely predictable from the word's core meanings. Polysemy is not a natural kind. It describes the crossroads between homonymy, collocation, analogy and alternation. (An alternation is a pattern in which a number of words share the same relationship between pairs of usage-types.) Any non-basic type of use for a word can be treated as belonging in one of these four camps. For computational lexicography, putative polysemous senses should be represented in the lexicon as homonyms, or within collocations, or, implictly, as the outcome of applying an alternation. Uses in the 'analogy' camp will not be described in the lexicon. As others have argued, an elegant theoretical description of lexical knowledge must be inheritance-based. It must be possible to state and inherit generalisations. Within such a lexicon, regularly polysemous and other predictable usage-types can be described concisely. The thesis presents two fragments of the lexicon in which various alternations and other aspects of lexical structure are given concise formal treatments in an inheritance-based lexical representation language."
Author: James Pustejovsky Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 9780262661409 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 318
Book Description
The first formally elaborated theory of a generative approach to word meaning, The Generative Lexicon lays the foundation for an implemented computational treatment of word meaning that connects explicitly to a compositional semantics. The Generative Lexicon presents a novel and exciting theory of lexical semantics that addresses the problem of the "multiplicity of word meaning"; that is, how we are able to give an infinite number of senses to words with finite means. The first formally elaborated theory of a generative approach to word meaning, it lays the foundation for an implemented computational treatment of word meaning that connects explicitly to a compositional semantics. In contrast to the static view of word meaning (where each word is characterized by a predetermined number of word senses) that imposes a tremendous bottleneck on the performance capability of any natural language processing system, Pustejovsky proposes that the lexicon becomes an active—and central—component in the linguistic description. The essence of his theory is that the lexicon functions generatively, first by providing a rich and expressive vocabulary for characterizing lexical information; then, by developing a framework for manipulating fine-grained distinctions in word descriptions; and finally, by formalizing a set of mechanisms for specialized composition of aspects of such descriptions of words, as they occur in context, extended and novel senses are generated. The subjects covered include semantics of nominals (figure/ground nominals, relational nominals, and other event nominals); the semantics of causation (in particular, how causation is lexicalized in language, including causative/unaccusatives, aspectual predicates, experiencer predicates, and modal causatives); how semantic types constrain syntactic expression (such as the behavior of type shifting and type coercion operations); a formal treatment of event semantics with subevents); and a general treatment of the problem of polysemy. Language, Speech, and Communication series
Author: Melina Wiese
Author: Melina Wiese
Author: Gonia Jarema
Author: Marina Rakova
Author: Yael Ravin
Author: M. Lynne Murphy
Author: Kate Scott
Author: Nikolas Gisborne
Author: Adam Kilgarriff
Author: James Pustejovsky
Author: Nick Riemer