Author: Rozaina SalehPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 50
Book Description
The Removal of Cadmium (II) from Aqueous Solutions by Steam Activated Sulphurised Carbon Prepared from Palm Shell : Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies
Author: Rozaina SalehAir, Gas, and Water Pollution Control Using Industrial and Agricultural Solid Wastes Adsorbents
Author: Tushar Kanti SenPublisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1138196851
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320
Book Description
Air and water pollution occurs when toxic pollutants of varying kinds (organic, inorganic, radioactive and so on) are directly or indirectly discharged into the environment without adequate treatment to remove these potential pollutants. There are a total of 13 book chapters in three sections contributed by significant number of expert authors around the world, aiming to provide scientific knowledge and up-to-date development of various solid wastes based cost-effective adsorbent materials and its sustainable application in the removal of contaminates/pollutants from air, gas and water. This book is useful for the professions, practicing engineers, scientists, researchers, academics and undergraduate and post-graduate students’ interest on this specific area. Key Features: • Exclusive compilation of information on use of industrial and agricultural waste based adsorbents for air and water pollution abatement. • Explores utilization of industrial solid wastes in adsorptive purification and agricultural and agricultural by-products in separation and purification. • Discusses cost-effective solid wastes based emerging adsorbents. • Alternative adsorbents in the removal of a wide range of contaminants and pollutants from water is proposed. • Includes performance of unit operations in waste effluents treatment.
Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research
Author: Innovative Nanocomposites for the Remediation and Decontamination of Wastewater
Author: Kumar, AzadPublisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1668445557
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 398
Book Description
Industry wastewater is a major contributor to environmental pollution with chemicals such as dyes, acids, fungicides, and more creating a threat to the environment. Nanocomposites of heterogeneous photocatalysis can be used to cure such problems due to its efficiency and ease of use, as well as the fact that it turns toxic chemicals completely to carbon dioxide and inorganic acids. With toxic chemicals posing a tremendous threat to ecological wellbeing and human health, it is integral that a variety of nanocomposites are studied for their use in the degradation of toxic and hazardous chemicals. Innovative Nanocomposites for the Remediation and Decontamination of Wastewater describes the synthesis of nanomaterials and its application for the protection of the environment. It presents studies on the photodegradation of the various toxic and hazardous chemicals by different nanocomposites, as well as the decontamination of bodies of water through the use of various nanocomposites. Covering topics such as dye degradation, novel biomaterials, and structural modification, this premier reference source is a vital resource for environmental scientists, construction managers, compliance officers, biochemists, biophysicists, conservation scientists, hydrologists, microbiologists, libraries, students and educators of higher education, researchers, and academicians.
Intelligent Environmental Data Monitoring for Pollution Management
Author: Siddhartha BhattacharyyaPublisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128199245
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 346
Book Description
Intelligent Environmental Data Monitoring for Pollution Management discusses evolving novel intelligent algorithms and their applications in the area of environmental data-centric systems guided by batch process-oriented data. Thus, the book ushers in a new era as far as environmental pollution management is concerned. It reviews the fundamental concepts of gathering, processing and analyzing data from batch processes, followed by a review of intelligent tools and techniques which can be used in this direction. In addition, it discusses novel intelligent algorithms for effective environmental pollution data management that are on par with standards laid down by the World Health Organization. Introduces novel intelligent techniques needed to address environmental pollution for the well-being of the global environment Offers perspectives on the design, development and commissioning of intelligent applications Provides reviews on the latest intelligent technologies and algorithms related to state-of-the-art methodologies surrounding the monitoring and mitigation of environmental pollution Puts forth insights on future generation intelligent pollution monitoring techniques
Equilibrium and Kinetics of Cadmium and Zink Adsorption on Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell
Author: MuhammadPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adsorption
Languages : en
Pages : 164
Book Description
A series of batch laboratory studies were conducted in order to investigate the suitability of palm kernel shell (PKS)-based activated carbon for the removal of cadmium (cadmium ions) and zinc (zinc ions) from their aqueous solutions. Single and binary adsorption isotherms and kinetics were investigated. All batch experiments were carried out at a constant temperature of 30±1oC using an incubator shaker that operated at 150 rpm. A concentration ratio of cadmium and zinc used in the adsorption of binary system is 1:1. Batch equilibrium studies showed that adsorption of cadmium and zinc were highly pH dependent. Uptake of cadmium and zinc increased with pH with maximum removal observed at pH 7.0, and decreased thereafter with further increase in the initial pH. In a single component system, the adsorption capacity of cadmium was higher than zinc, whilst in a binary component system, the adsorption capacity of zinc was higher than cadmium. The single component equilibrium data was analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. Overall, the Redlich-Peterson isotherm showed the best fit for all adsorption under investigation in terms of correlation coefficient as well as error analysis. For all the systems studied, the analysis of isotherm shape factor showed that the adsorption was favorable. Equilibrium isotherms for the binary adsorption of cadmium (II) and zinc (II) ions onto PKS-base activated carbon have been analyzed by using the ideal adsorbed solution (IAS) theory, extended Langmuir (EL), modified extended Langmuir (MEL), modified extended Freundlich (MEF) and modified extended Redlich-Peterson (MERP) models. The binary isotherm data could be described reasonably well by the modified extended Langmuir model. The kinetics of single and binary systems describing the sorption of cadmium and zinc have been investigated. The rate models evaluated include the pseudo first order, the pseudo-second order and the intraparticle diffusion models. Kinetic data showed that the adsorption rates were a function of initial adsorbate concentration. For both single and binary systems, the pseudo-second order model correlate excellently the experimental data, suggesting that chemisorption processes could be the rate-limiting step.
Production of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Removal of Cadmium
Author: Amode Jeminat OmotayoPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 280
Book Description
Different method of preparations had been proposed by prior research studies to remove heavy metals from industrial wastewater. In this research, various PAC samples from oil palm empty fruit bunches have been prepared by physical activation using steam to study the varying operating parameters of activation temperature, activation time and steam flow rate using 2- level full factorial experimental design to screen for the best quality adsorbent. The prepared EFB samples were carbonized for 30 minutes using nitrogen gas, followed by activation with steam gas at different thermal activation temperature of 600, 750 and 900°C with steam flow rates 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mL/min, and contact time at 15, 30 and 45 minutes respectively for the production of activated carbon. Series of batch laboratory experiments were conducted in order to investigate the feasibility of activated carbon -derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches for the removal cadmium from aqueous solution through the adsorption process. Assessment was carried out by studying the influence of removal of Cadmium due to pH, adsorbent dosage and agitation rate to select the optimum production conditions for the novel PACs. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and batch adsorption test, the results indicated that activated carbon derived from 900°C, steam flow rate- 2ml/min and activation time of 15 minutes had maximum adsorption capacity at 2 mins (0.273 mg/g) for the removal of cadmium (97.2 %), R2 = 0.999 in the aqueous solutions with a yield of 21.8% and correlation coefficient R2 = 0.992. The optimum PAC sample selected was investigated through adsorption tests on aqueous solution of cadmium using the adsorption isotherms such as Langmuir and Freundlich to evaluate or predict the adsorption characteristics. In the isotherm studies, the trend of Langmuir and Freundlich coefficients ( , , and n) were in agreement with cadmium initial concentration trend. Batch adsorption studies showed that equilibrium time of 2 mins of agitation at 150 rpm was needed for the adsorption of cadmium on the activated carbon during experiment. The regression coefficient (R2) showed that Langmuir isotherm (R2= 0.984) fits the result better than Freundlich isotherms (R2 = 0.950). The characterization of PACs produced was measured to evaluate its quality and the results showed that 900°C activation temperature, 15 minutes activation time and 2.0 ml/mins steam flow rate had a high surface area of 635.16m2/g. These characteristics were observed to have favoured 900°C activated temperature, 15 mins activation time and 2.0 ml/mins steam flow rate with respect to adsorption of cadmium. EFB based- PAC would be promising in such a way that the industrial oil palm solid residue would.
Kinetic Study of Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell for Copper Removal
Author: Nur Hidayu Binti MisranPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biochemical engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 48
Book Description
The production of alternative activated carbon has been resolved to replace the costly activated carbon to remove unwanted heavy metals from contaminated water at low cost. Heavy metals are very toxicity and can harm human body. The environmental pollution became increase due to the discharge of wastewater including heavy metals and toxic nature of copper affects water resources. In this study, activated carbon produced locally from palm kernel shell was examined for the copper removal from aqueous solution by using adsorption process. Palm kernel shell not just available to get but inexpensive material that have ash content, fixed carbon, high carbon and low inorganic content. Adsorption studies conducted in completely to shown the ability of the produced activated carbon to remove copper from aqueous solutions in certain range of pH. The investigation was carried out by studying the influence of pH (1-5), adsorbent dosage (0.3-1.5 g) and initial concentration (150-350 mg/L). The result of the study shown that activated carbon from palm kernel shell with large surface area has high percentage capacity of copper removal compared to small surface area. From the result showed that the optimum parameters for maximum removal efficiency were follows as adsorbent dose (1.5 g), pH (5) and initial concentration (150 mg/L). Based on the batch adsorption experiment, the adsorption isotherm studies indicated that Langmuir model fits better for the present case. While adsorption kinetic indicated that pseudo second order model is the best for the present case.
Removal of Cadmium (II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Selected Calcium Compounds
Author: Leonel ManziRemoval of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater Using Activated Carbon
Author: Nor Shahirah Mohd NasirPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon, Activated
Languages : en
Pages : 64
Book Description
The presence of heavy metals in wastewater is known to cause severe damage to aquatic life, beside the fact that these metals kill microorganism during biological treatment of wastewater with a consequent time delay of the treatment process. Chromium is one of the major heavy metals present in wastewater which has toxic effect and is a strong oxidizing agent capable of being absorbed through the skin. Palm oil mills in Malaysia produce about 4.3 million tones of shell and the significant problems in the palm fruit processing is managing the wastes generated during the process. The palm shell can be converted into useful products such as activated carbon. So, this method will reduce industrial wastewater problem and will bring benefits to society. Hence, this research aims to use activated carbon produced from palm shell to remove Chromium from industrial wastewater. Pyrolysis was applied for the preparation of activated carbon from palm shell using furnace at 600oC. The treatment of activated carbon was carried out by oxidizing it with sulphuric acid and coating with chitosan. Two adsorbents namely Palm Shell Activated Carbon (PSAC) and Palm Shell Activated Carbon coated with Chitosan (PSACC) were used to remove chromium from aqueous solution. The effects of pH of the solution, adsorbent dosage, agitation speed, and contact time on adsorption of chromium were studied. The experimental results proved that the chromium removal efficiency of PSACC was better compared PSAC. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were used to analyze the adsorption of chromium from aqueous solution. The results concluded that Freundlich isotherm captured the adsorption of Chromium better compared to Langmuir isotherm as the former have higher correlation regression coefficient.